流动地震仪检测钻头振动信号的现场试验
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摘要
钻井过程中钻头对井底的冲击振动为钻头前方地层的探测提供了震源,可用来消除钻井过程中的地质不确定性和降低钻井风险.本研究在分析井下钻头振动信号特点的基础上,根据现代地震观测技术的新发展,将多道勘探地震仪和流动数字地震仪的性能进行了对比分析,将天然地震的观测设备和分析方法应用到随钻地震检测中,提出了一套新的随钻地震检测方案,利用高灵敏度流动数字地震仪连续检测钻井过程中的钻头振动信号,初步现场试验表明该技术方案可行,获得的信号信噪比高,易于钻井工程师掌握,为随钻地震技术提供了新的技术路线.
It is a important way to explore the undrilled formations by recording the drill-bit vibration signal while drilling,namely SWD.SWD is helpful to eliminate the geological uncertainty and potential hazard.By analyzing the signal characteristic of the drill-bit vibration and performance difference of traditional multi-channel geophones instrument and the portable digital seismometers,we proposed a new way to detect the seismic signal while drilling.In it the advanced portable seismometers are used as transducers in a array.Seismometers with high sensitivity will record the vibration signal continuously while drilling.The preliminary field experiment shows this SWD scenario is feasible.The signal to noise ratio(S/N) obtained by seismometers is higher than geophones.This new approach can be operated easily by drilling engineers and opens a new way to the SWD technique.
It is a important way to explore the undrilled formations by recording the drill-bit vibration signal while drilling,namely SWD.SWD is helpful to eliminate the geological uncertainty and potential hazard.By analyzing the signal characteristic of the drill-bit vibration and performance difference of traditional multi-channel geophones instrument and the portable digital seismometers,we proposed a new way to detect the seismic signal while drilling.In it the advanced portable seismometers are used as transducers in a array.Seismometers with high sensitivity will record the vibration signal continuously while drilling.The preliminary field experiment shows this SWD scenario is feasible.The signal to noise ratio(S/N) obtained by seismometers is higher than geophones.This new approach can be operated easily by drilling engineers and opens a new way to the SWD technique.
引文
[1]Rector J W.Utilization of drill-bit vibrations as a downholeseismic source[D].Stanford University,1990.
[2]Clement K.Multichannel seismic experiment with a drill-bitsource[D].Stanford University,1990.
[3]Flavio P,Francesco M.Seismic while drilling fundamentals ofdrill-bit seismic for exploration[M].Handbook of Geophysicalexploration,2004,35.
[4]Rector J W,Marion B P.The use of drill-bit energy as adownhole seismic source[J].Geophysics,1991,56(5):628~634.
[5]Jaob B,Haldorsen U,Douglas E,Miller,John J Wh.Walk-away VSP using drill noise as a source[J].Geophysics,1995,60(4):978~997.
[6]Naville C,Serbutoviez S,Throo1 A,VinckéO,Cecconi F.Seismic While Drilling(SWD)Techniques with DownholeMeasurements,Introduced by IFP and its Partners in 1990-2000,Oil&Gas Science and Technology-Rev.IFP,2004,59(4):371~403.
[7]Flavio P,Trieste,Milano.Seismic while drilling use of pilotsignals with downhole motor drilling,SEG Expanded Ab-stracts,1998,17:147~150.
[8]姜宇东.随钻地震技术综述[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):202~208.
[9]罗斌.随钻地震技术研究及应用效果[D].中国地质大学(北京),2005.
[10]苟量,杨举勇,罗斌,王宝彬,赵波,严又生.随钻VSP技术研究及初步应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):183~189
[11]Anchliya A.A review of seismic while drilling(SWD)tech-niques:a journey from 1986 to 2005[J].SPE Paper No.100352.
[12]Toshiyuki Y,Hirokazu K,Tetsuji O,Kyosuke O,MasahiroK.Broadening frequency coverage of percussion drilling vi-brations[J].SEG expanded Abstratracts,2004,22:2529~2532.
[13]Viola F,Walker W F.Comparison of time delay estimatorsin medical ultrasound[J].IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium,2001,1485~1488.
[14]Crater G C.Coherence and time delay estimate[J].IEEE,1987,75:236~255.
[15]Claudio B.Performance of time-delay estimators[J].Geo-physics,2005,70(4):109~120.
[16]林君编.电磁驱动可控震源地震勘探原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[17]葛洪魁,林建民,王宝善,宋丽莉,罗贵纯,陈颙.编码震源提高地震探测能力的野外实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(03):864~870.
[18]陈颙,张尉,陈汉林,齐诚,陈棋福.地震雷达[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):7~11.
[19]徐平,王宝善,张尉,林建民,陈颙.利用互相关技术求地震波率减[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1738~1744.
[20]李丽,彭文涛,李纲,陈颙,陈棋福,汤毅.可作为新震源的列车振动及实验研究[J].地球物理学报.2004,47(4):118~122.
[21]刘建华,刘福田,胥頤.三分量地震资料的偏振分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):12~16.
[22]石建新,王延光,毕丽飞,贾志新.多分量地震资料处理解释技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2)185~191.
[23]浅沼宏,吉田刚编,石英,韩瑞民译,严又生校.井中随钻地震波三分量测量及使用三分量VSP法解释地下构造——日本石油公司柏崎试验区实例研究[J].国外油气勘探,1997,9(6):737~747.
[24]Nobukazu S,Manabu U,Masahiro S,Hiroshi A.Applica-tion of the tri-axial drill-bit VSP method to drilling for geo-logical survey in civil engineering[J].Exploration Geophys-ics,2004,35:70~79.
[25]Sebastian Rt,Christine Thomas.Array Seismology:methodsand applications[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2002,40(3).
[26]Peter B.New manual of seismological observatory practice[M].GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam.
[2]Clement K.Multichannel seismic experiment with a drill-bitsource[D].Stanford University,1990.
[3]Flavio P,Francesco M.Seismic while drilling fundamentals ofdrill-bit seismic for exploration[M].Handbook of Geophysicalexploration,2004,35.
[4]Rector J W,Marion B P.The use of drill-bit energy as adownhole seismic source[J].Geophysics,1991,56(5):628~634.
[5]Jaob B,Haldorsen U,Douglas E,Miller,John J Wh.Walk-away VSP using drill noise as a source[J].Geophysics,1995,60(4):978~997.
[6]Naville C,Serbutoviez S,Throo1 A,VinckéO,Cecconi F.Seismic While Drilling(SWD)Techniques with DownholeMeasurements,Introduced by IFP and its Partners in 1990-2000,Oil&Gas Science and Technology-Rev.IFP,2004,59(4):371~403.
[7]Flavio P,Trieste,Milano.Seismic while drilling use of pilotsignals with downhole motor drilling,SEG Expanded Ab-stracts,1998,17:147~150.
[8]姜宇东.随钻地震技术综述[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):202~208.
[9]罗斌.随钻地震技术研究及应用效果[D].中国地质大学(北京),2005.
[10]苟量,杨举勇,罗斌,王宝彬,赵波,严又生.随钻VSP技术研究及初步应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):183~189
[11]Anchliya A.A review of seismic while drilling(SWD)tech-niques:a journey from 1986 to 2005[J].SPE Paper No.100352.
[12]Toshiyuki Y,Hirokazu K,Tetsuji O,Kyosuke O,MasahiroK.Broadening frequency coverage of percussion drilling vi-brations[J].SEG expanded Abstratracts,2004,22:2529~2532.
[13]Viola F,Walker W F.Comparison of time delay estimatorsin medical ultrasound[J].IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium,2001,1485~1488.
[14]Crater G C.Coherence and time delay estimate[J].IEEE,1987,75:236~255.
[15]Claudio B.Performance of time-delay estimators[J].Geo-physics,2005,70(4):109~120.
[16]林君编.电磁驱动可控震源地震勘探原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[17]葛洪魁,林建民,王宝善,宋丽莉,罗贵纯,陈颙.编码震源提高地震探测能力的野外实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(03):864~870.
[18]陈颙,张尉,陈汉林,齐诚,陈棋福.地震雷达[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):7~11.
[19]徐平,王宝善,张尉,林建民,陈颙.利用互相关技术求地震波率减[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1738~1744.
[20]李丽,彭文涛,李纲,陈颙,陈棋福,汤毅.可作为新震源的列车振动及实验研究[J].地球物理学报.2004,47(4):118~122.
[21]刘建华,刘福田,胥頤.三分量地震资料的偏振分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):12~16.
[22]石建新,王延光,毕丽飞,贾志新.多分量地震资料处理解释技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2)185~191.
[23]浅沼宏,吉田刚编,石英,韩瑞民译,严又生校.井中随钻地震波三分量测量及使用三分量VSP法解释地下构造——日本石油公司柏崎试验区实例研究[J].国外油气勘探,1997,9(6):737~747.
[24]Nobukazu S,Manabu U,Masahiro S,Hiroshi A.Applica-tion of the tri-axial drill-bit VSP method to drilling for geo-logical survey in civil engineering[J].Exploration Geophys-ics,2004,35:70~79.
[25]Sebastian Rt,Christine Thomas.Array Seismology:methodsand applications[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2002,40(3).
[26]Peter B.New manual of seismological observatory practice[M].GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam.
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