城市防灾应急体系建构与应急设施布局研究
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摘要
目的构建安全、高效、有序、人性化的灾后城市防灾应急体系,对城市防灾应急设施的规划布局进行研究,确保各项救援、安置工作顺利展开。方法结合国内外相关研究进行类比分析,在对城市防灾应急体系分类的基础上,对防灾应急设施空间规划布局的基本原则和方法进行探讨。结果城市防灾应急规划体系包括指挥体系、救援体系、生活体系、保障体系四大类,提出了城市应急防灾设施空间规划布局的10条基本原则和空间信息技术辅助的规划布局方法,初步构建了城市防灾应急体系和应急设施空间规划布局的理论框架。结论城市防灾应急体系与设施布局的原则是坚持安全性、通达性、由外至内逐层分级、集中与分散相结合与坚持可持续发展。
Aim To build a safe,efficient,orderly and humanized post-disaster urban disaster prevention and emergency control system,to study the layout of urban disaster prevention and emergency control facilities and to make sure that every rescue and resettlement task be executed successfully.Methods On the basis of classifying the urban disaster prevention and emergency control system,the basic principles and methods are discussed combined with the analogy analysis of related research both at home and abroad.Results Command system,rescue system,life system and security system are included in the urban disaster prevention and emergency control planning system.Ten basic principles of the urban disaster prevention and emergency control facilities′ spatial planning layout and layout methods assisting by spatial information technology are raised in this paper.The urban disaster prevention and emergency control system and theoretical framework of the spatial layout of emergency control facilities are constructed initially.Conclusion The emergency response system and the layout of facilities for urban disaster prevention is to uphold the principles,which hold secarity,accesibility,grading layer by layer from outside to inside,combining centralization and decentralization and adhere to sustainable development.
Aim To build a safe,efficient,orderly and humanized post-disaster urban disaster prevention and emergency control system,to study the layout of urban disaster prevention and emergency control facilities and to make sure that every rescue and resettlement task be executed successfully.Methods On the basis of classifying the urban disaster prevention and emergency control system,the basic principles and methods are discussed combined with the analogy analysis of related research both at home and abroad.Results Command system,rescue system,life system and security system are included in the urban disaster prevention and emergency control planning system.Ten basic principles of the urban disaster prevention and emergency control facilities′ spatial planning layout and layout methods assisting by spatial information technology are raised in this paper.The urban disaster prevention and emergency control system and theoretical framework of the spatial layout of emergency control facilities are constructed initially.Conclusion The emergency response system and the layout of facilities for urban disaster prevention is to uphold the principles,which hold secarity,accesibility,grading layer by layer from outside to inside,combining centralization and decentralization and adhere to sustainable development.
引文
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[7]徐捷,李京,宫阿都.城市防灾减灾中的空间信息应用[J],中国减灾,2005(12):43-44.
[2]张翰卿,戴慎志.美国的城市综合防灾规划及其启示[J].国际城市规划,2007,22(4):60-63.
[3]杨培峰,尹贵.城市应急避难场所总体规划方法研究———以攀枝花市为例[J].城市规划,2008(9):88-90.
[4]高传.地震应急预案:开我国应急预案之先河[EB/OL].(2007-08-30)[2010-09-12].http://tech.enorth.com.cn/system/2007/08/30/001850254.shtml.
[5]李景奇,夏季.城市防灾公园规划研究[J].中国园林,2007,23(7):21-23.
[6]齐藤庸平,沈悦.日本都市绿地防灾系统规划的思路[J].中国园林,2007,23(7):4-6.
[7]徐捷,李京,宫阿都.城市防灾减灾中的空间信息应用[J],中国减灾,2005(12):43-44.
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