“三软”煤层冲击地压诱导煤与瓦斯突出力学机制研究
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摘要
以新安煤田为工程背景,通过现场调查、测试、实验室试验、理论计算和相似条件类比,探讨"三软"煤层冲击地压作用下煤与瓦斯突出力学机制。研究结果表明,在原岩和采动应力作用下,巷道底板存在的高弹性模量夹层砂岩向上挠曲,造成煤体正常瓦斯溢出通道被封闭,煤体内部产生裂隙促使吸附瓦斯解吸为游离瓦斯,可实现煤与瓦斯突出的外部准备条件;底板高弹模夹层的破断冲击,打通被压实煤体的瓦斯溢出通道,可实现煤与瓦斯突出的外部激发条件;掘进迎头附近底板产生的105J以上量级冲击地压,其孕育和发生过程导致的迎头煤墙闭合-破裂,可诱导每立方米煤初始瓦斯膨胀能小于1.3×106 J(瓦斯压力小于0.74MPa)的煤层发生瓦斯突出或异常涌出,而每立方米煤初始瓦斯膨胀能大于1.3×106 J(瓦斯压力大于0.74MPa)的煤层,可诱导发生煤与瓦斯突出。通过对高弹性模量岩层(夹层)底板实施钻孔或爆破措施,防止底板弹性变形向上挠曲与破断冲击,可破坏此类煤与瓦斯突出准备和激发的外部条件。
According to Xin'an coal mine,the mechanism of coal and gas outburst in "three-soft" coal seam under the condition of rockburst is discussed by means of investigation,test,laboratory test,theoretical calculation and analogy.The results show that:(1) Because of the in-situ rock stress and mining-induced stress,the high elastic modulus sandstone strata of roadway floor bends to the upward,which makes the ordinary gas ventages close.The generating cracks in coal make the adsorptive gas desorb as dissociative gas,which provides the external preparation conditions of coal and gas outburst.(2) The impact of the floor strata with large Young's modulus opens the gas's channel,which provides the external trigger conditions.(3) The rockburst energy near the heading face is more than 105 J.The inoculation and generation processes of rockburst make the coal wall close and fracture.For the coal seam with the initial expansion energy contained in 1 m3 coal less than 1.3×106 J(the gas pressure less than 0.74 MPa),the gas outburst or unusual gas emission would be induced;and for the other coal seam,the coal and gas outburst would be induced.In order to prevent the risks mentioned above,it is suggested that the drilling or blasting measurements should be used for the high elastic modulus strata.
According to Xin'an coal mine,the mechanism of coal and gas outburst in "three-soft" coal seam under the condition of rockburst is discussed by means of investigation,test,laboratory test,theoretical calculation and analogy.The results show that:(1) Because of the in-situ rock stress and mining-induced stress,the high elastic modulus sandstone strata of roadway floor bends to the upward,which makes the ordinary gas ventages close.The generating cracks in coal make the adsorptive gas desorb as dissociative gas,which provides the external preparation conditions of coal and gas outburst.(2) The impact of the floor strata with large Young's modulus opens the gas's channel,which provides the external trigger conditions.(3) The rockburst energy near the heading face is more than 105 J.The inoculation and generation processes of rockburst make the coal wall close and fracture.For the coal seam with the initial expansion energy contained in 1 m3 coal less than 1.3×106 J(the gas pressure less than 0.74 MPa),the gas outburst or unusual gas emission would be induced;and for the other coal seam,the coal and gas outburst would be induced.In order to prevent the risks mentioned above,it is suggested that the drilling or blasting measurements should be used for the high elastic modulus strata.
引文
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[6]LI T,CAI M F,CAI M.Earthquake-induced unusual gas emission incoalmines—a km-scale in-situ experimental investigation at Laohutaimine[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2007,71(2/3):209-224.
[7]张凤鸣,余中元,徐晓艳,等.鹤岗煤矿开采诱发地震研究[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(1):139-143.(ZHANG Fengming,YUZhongyuan,XU Xiaoyan,et al.Research on induced earthquakes bycoal mining in Hegang[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2005,14(1):139-143.(in Chinese))
[8]张福旺,李铁.深部开采复合型煤与瓦斯动力灾害的认识[J].中州煤炭,2009,106(4):73-76.(ZHANG Fuwang,LI Tie.Cognizanceon compound dynamic disaster of coal and gas in deep mining[J].Zhongzhou Coal,2009,106(4):73-76.(in Chinese))
[9]吕有厂.突出煤层掘进巷道冲击地压防治技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,36(4):43-46.(LU Youchang.Technology of bumpingprevention and control for gateway driving in seam with outburst inpotential[J].Coal Science and Technology,2008,36(4):43-46.(inChinese))
[10]ПЕТУХОВИМ.冲击地压和突出的力学计算方法[M].段克信译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1994:131-132.(ПЕТУХОВИМ.Themechanical calculation method of rockburst and coal and gasoutburst[M].Translated by DUAN Kexin.Beijing:China Coal IndustryPublishing House,1994:131-132.(in Chinese))
[2]BR?UNER G.矿山压力和冲击地压[M].李玉生译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1985:15-16.(BR?UNER G.Mine pressure androckburst[M].Translated by LI Yusheng.Beijing:China Coal IndustryPublishing House,1985:15-16.(in Chinese))
[3]АЙРУНИA T.煤矿瓦斯动力现象的预测和预防[M].唐修义译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992:12.(АЙРУНИA T.Prediction andprevention of gas dynamic phenomena in mines[M].Translated byTANG Xiuyi.Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1992:12.(in Chinese))
[4]OGIEGLO K,LUBRYKA M,KUTKOWSKI J,等.矿山震动对工作面瓦斯涌出量的影响[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(2):109-111.(OGIEGLO K,LUBRYKA M,KUTKOWSKI J,et al.Influence of mine shock to gas emission rate[J].Ground Pressure andStrata Control,2005,22(2):109-111.(in Chinese))
[5]李铁,蔡美峰,王金安,等.深部开采冲击地压与瓦斯相关性的探讨[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(5):562-567.(LI Tie,CAI Meifeng,WANG Jin′an,et al.Discussion on relativity between rockburst andgas in deep exploitation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(5):562-567.(in Chinese))
[6]LI T,CAI M F,CAI M.Earthquake-induced unusual gas emission incoalmines—a km-scale in-situ experimental investigation at Laohutaimine[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2007,71(2/3):209-224.
[7]张凤鸣,余中元,徐晓艳,等.鹤岗煤矿开采诱发地震研究[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(1):139-143.(ZHANG Fengming,YUZhongyuan,XU Xiaoyan,et al.Research on induced earthquakes bycoal mining in Hegang[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2005,14(1):139-143.(in Chinese))
[8]张福旺,李铁.深部开采复合型煤与瓦斯动力灾害的认识[J].中州煤炭,2009,106(4):73-76.(ZHANG Fuwang,LI Tie.Cognizanceon compound dynamic disaster of coal and gas in deep mining[J].Zhongzhou Coal,2009,106(4):73-76.(in Chinese))
[9]吕有厂.突出煤层掘进巷道冲击地压防治技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,36(4):43-46.(LU Youchang.Technology of bumpingprevention and control for gateway driving in seam with outburst inpotential[J].Coal Science and Technology,2008,36(4):43-46.(inChinese))
[10]ПЕТУХОВИМ.冲击地压和突出的力学计算方法[M].段克信译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1994:131-132.(ПЕТУХОВИМ.Themechanical calculation method of rockburst and coal and gasoutburst[M].Translated by DUAN Kexin.Beijing:China Coal IndustryPublishing House,1994:131-132.(in Chinese))
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