塔中地区奥陶系典型地质体地震识别模式
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摘要
针对塔中地区奥陶系岩溶缝洞型储层类型多、埋藏深且非均质性强的难点,设计了符合实际地层条件的地震地质模型,对储集体内部结构和参数采用微小管网和孔洞组成的等效储集空间进行精细刻画。应用波动方程交错网格高阶有限差分法进行波场正演模拟,选用常规处理和波动方程叠前深度偏移处理方法,得到偏移剖面,验证储层解释结果。从振幅、相位和频率等信息分析模拟记录地震波场特征,研究储层与围岩接触关系以及储层内部结构的变化对地震波场特征的影响,建立了缝洞储层和火成岩的地震识别模式。该地区存在层状火成岩、火成岩颈、顺层侵入火成岩等地震反射特征,碳酸盐岩储层表现为表层弱振幅、空白反射结构和内幕中强振幅反射结构。
There are various types of fracture-cavity deeply buried reservoir with strong heterogeneity in the Ordovician in Tazhong area.The model is designed in accordance with real condition in Tazhong area.The complex fracture-cavity reservoir has been found to be equal to a geological model composed of staggered micro-network and cavity which can depict the inner fracture-cavity reservoir structure and parameters variation accurately.It applied the staggered-grid high-order finite difference method of wave equation forward modeling technology to simulate seismic wave field,and used the conventional processing methods and wave equation prestack depth migration to get the migration profiles.The interpretation could be evaluated and verified by the migration result.The amplitude,phase and frequency information are used to analysis the seismic wave field characteristics.It studies that the reservoir location and structure variety effect on the seismic wave field.Then it combines the well-to-seismic relation and the seismic simulation response characteristics to establish the recognition mode.It identifies that the seismic response of layered igneous rock,volcanic neck and intrusive igneous rock exist in this area.It illustrates the fracture-cavity reservoir seismic structure in the top surface and the inner of the carbonate layer.
There are various types of fracture-cavity deeply buried reservoir with strong heterogeneity in the Ordovician in Tazhong area.The model is designed in accordance with real condition in Tazhong area.The complex fracture-cavity reservoir has been found to be equal to a geological model composed of staggered micro-network and cavity which can depict the inner fracture-cavity reservoir structure and parameters variation accurately.It applied the staggered-grid high-order finite difference method of wave equation forward modeling technology to simulate seismic wave field,and used the conventional processing methods and wave equation prestack depth migration to get the migration profiles.The interpretation could be evaluated and verified by the migration result.The amplitude,phase and frequency information are used to analysis the seismic wave field characteristics.It studies that the reservoir location and structure variety effect on the seismic wave field.Then it combines the well-to-seismic relation and the seismic simulation response characteristics to establish the recognition mode.It identifies that the seismic response of layered igneous rock,volcanic neck and intrusive igneous rock exist in this area.It illustrates the fracture-cavity reservoir seismic structure in the top surface and the inner of the carbonate layer.
引文
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[6]张宏,郑浚茂,杨道庆,等.塔中卡塔克区块古岩溶储层地震预测技术[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):69-74.ZHANG Hong,ZHENG Jun-mao,YANG Dao-qing,et al.Prediction of paleokarst reservoir in the southeastern slope of Tazhong area in Tarim basin using seismic techniques[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):69-74.
[7]Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks[J].Geophys J R Astr Soc,1981,64(1):133-150.
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[11]甘文权,董良国,马在田.含裂隙介质中横波分裂现象的数值模拟[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2000,28(5):551-574.GAN Wen-quan,DONG Liang-guo,MA Zai-tian.Numerical modeling and study of the shear wave-splitting in fracture media[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2000,28(5):551-574.
[12]杜正聪,贺振华,黄德济.缝洞模型波动方程正演与偏移[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2003,30(4):386-390.DU Zheng-cong,HE Zhen-hua,HUANG De-ji,et al.Wave equation forward modeling and migration for fracture-cave model[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2003,30(4):386-390.
[13]贺振华,杜正聪,文晓涛.碳酸盐岩喀斯特溶洞和裂缝系统的地震模拟与预测[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):399-402.HE Zhen-hua,DU Zheng-cong,WEN Xiao-tao.Seismic modeling and prediction of carbonate karst caves and fracture sets[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2004,19(3):399-402.
[14]王德利,何樵登,韩立国.裂隙型单斜介质中多方位地面三分量记录模拟[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):386-393.WANG De-li,HE Qiao-deng,HAN Li-guo.Multiazimuth three-component surface seismic modeling for cracked monoclinic media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(2):386-393.
[15]杨风丽,吴建勋,董良国.塔中白云岩岩溶储层地震正演模拟及其响应[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(12):1724-1729.YANG Feng-li,WU Jian-xun,DONG Liang-guo.Seismic forward modeling and it s response of dolomite peleokarst reservoir in Tazhong area of China[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2008,36(12):1724-1729.
[16]桂志先,贺振华,黄德济.两种类型裂隙介质的弹性常数分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2000,22(2):117-119.GUI Zhi-xian,HE Zhen-hua,HUANG De-ji.The elastic constants analysis of the media with different fracture[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2000,22(2):117-119.
[17]钟广法,邓常念,周志松.塔中地区火成岩的地震相及圈闭特征[J].江汉石油学院学报,1997,19(3):34-37.ZHONG Guang-fa,DENG Chang-nian,ZHOU Zhi-song.Seismic facies and traptypes of igneous rocks in TZ area,Tarim basin[J].Journal of Jianghan PetroleumInstitute,1997,19(3):34-37.
[18]王槐基.火成岩的地震反射特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,1981(5):56-63.WANG Huai-ji.The seismic reflection character of igneous rock[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1981(5):56-63.
[2]翟光明,王建君.对塔中地区石油地质条件的认识[J].石油学报,1999,20(4):1-6.ZHAI Guang-ming,WANG Jian-jun.Analysis of petroleumgeologyin Tazhong region[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(4):1-6.
[3]叶德胜.碳酸盐岩中的一种储集空间——微孔隙[J].石油与天然气地质,1992,13(2):125-134.YE De-sheng.A reservoir type in carbonate rocks—microporosity[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1992,13(2):125-134.
[4]钱一雄,陈跃,陈强路,等.塔中西北部奥陶系碳酸盐岩埋藏溶蚀作用[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):47-52.QIAN Yi-xiong,CHEN Yue,CHEN Qiang-lu,et al.General characteristics of burial dissolution for Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the northwest of Tazhong area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(3):47-52.
[5]龚洪林,潘建国,王宏斌,等.塔中地区碳酸盐岩裂缝综合预测技术及其应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):841-846.GONG Hong-lin,PANJian-guo,WANG Hong-bin,et al.Comprehensive fracture prediction technologies and their application to carbonate rocks in Tazhong area[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(6):841-846.
[6]张宏,郑浚茂,杨道庆,等.塔中卡塔克区块古岩溶储层地震预测技术[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):69-74.ZHANG Hong,ZHENG Jun-mao,YANG Dao-qing,et al.Prediction of paleokarst reservoir in the southeastern slope of Tazhong area in Tarim basin using seismic techniques[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):69-74.
[7]Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks[J].Geophys J R Astr Soc,1981,64(1):133-150.
[8]Hudson J A.Overall elastic properties of isotropic materials with arbitrary[J].Geophysical Journal International,1990,102(2):465-469.
[9]Crampin F S.Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wave propagationthrough craked solids[J].Geophys J R Astr Soc,1984,76(1):135-145.
[10]侯安宁,何樵登,马在田.各向异性弹性波动交错网格高阶差分法的误差研究[J].长春地质学院学报,1995,25(4):446-451.HOU An-ning,HE Qiao-deng,MA Zai-tian.A study on the errors of elastic wave staggered-grid high-order difference methodin anisotropic media[J].Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences,1995,25(4):446-451.
[11]甘文权,董良国,马在田.含裂隙介质中横波分裂现象的数值模拟[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2000,28(5):551-574.GAN Wen-quan,DONG Liang-guo,MA Zai-tian.Numerical modeling and study of the shear wave-splitting in fracture media[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2000,28(5):551-574.
[12]杜正聪,贺振华,黄德济.缝洞模型波动方程正演与偏移[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2003,30(4):386-390.DU Zheng-cong,HE Zhen-hua,HUANG De-ji,et al.Wave equation forward modeling and migration for fracture-cave model[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2003,30(4):386-390.
[13]贺振华,杜正聪,文晓涛.碳酸盐岩喀斯特溶洞和裂缝系统的地震模拟与预测[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):399-402.HE Zhen-hua,DU Zheng-cong,WEN Xiao-tao.Seismic modeling and prediction of carbonate karst caves and fracture sets[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2004,19(3):399-402.
[14]王德利,何樵登,韩立国.裂隙型单斜介质中多方位地面三分量记录模拟[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):386-393.WANG De-li,HE Qiao-deng,HAN Li-guo.Multiazimuth three-component surface seismic modeling for cracked monoclinic media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(2):386-393.
[15]杨风丽,吴建勋,董良国.塔中白云岩岩溶储层地震正演模拟及其响应[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(12):1724-1729.YANG Feng-li,WU Jian-xun,DONG Liang-guo.Seismic forward modeling and it s response of dolomite peleokarst reservoir in Tazhong area of China[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2008,36(12):1724-1729.
[16]桂志先,贺振华,黄德济.两种类型裂隙介质的弹性常数分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2000,22(2):117-119.GUI Zhi-xian,HE Zhen-hua,HUANG De-ji.The elastic constants analysis of the media with different fracture[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2000,22(2):117-119.
[17]钟广法,邓常念,周志松.塔中地区火成岩的地震相及圈闭特征[J].江汉石油学院学报,1997,19(3):34-37.ZHONG Guang-fa,DENG Chang-nian,ZHOU Zhi-song.Seismic facies and traptypes of igneous rocks in TZ area,Tarim basin[J].Journal of Jianghan PetroleumInstitute,1997,19(3):34-37.
[18]王槐基.火成岩的地震反射特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,1981(5):56-63.WANG Huai-ji.The seismic reflection character of igneous rock[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1981(5):56-63.
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