基于EMD和频谱校正的故障诊断方法
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摘要
提出了一种基于短时间样本的故障诊断方法,通过频谱校正提高频谱精度。首先对原始信号进行小波降噪,提高信噪比;然后进行经验模态分解,获取信号的各阶本征模态函数;分别对各阶本征模态函数进行希尔伯特解调分析,获得包含系统故障特征信息的调制信号;接着采用校正算法对调制信号进行频谱校正,频谱变换后获得精确的频谱;最后根据校正结果进行系统故障判别。实践表明,此方法具有速度快、精度高的特点,适合于设备的在线快速诊断。
This paper proposes a new fault diagnosis method based on short-time signal sample,which adopts spectrum correction algorithm to improve spectrum accuracy for the purpose of accurate diagnosis.Firstly,wavelet de-noising is applied to improve signal-noise ratio,and empirical mode decomposition(EMD) is used to obtain the intrinsic mode functions(IMF) of the signal,then Hilbert transform is utilized to demodulate the IMFs to get the modulation signal that contains system fault information.Spectrum correction algorithm is employed to get accurate frequencies and amplitudes of the signal spectrum.Finally,the fault of the tested system is evaluated based on the corrected spectrum.Practice proves that this method features quick response and high accuracy,and can be used in on-line real-time fault diagnosis.
This paper proposes a new fault diagnosis method based on short-time signal sample,which adopts spectrum correction algorithm to improve spectrum accuracy for the purpose of accurate diagnosis.Firstly,wavelet de-noising is applied to improve signal-noise ratio,and empirical mode decomposition(EMD) is used to obtain the intrinsic mode functions(IMF) of the signal,then Hilbert transform is utilized to demodulate the IMFs to get the modulation signal that contains system fault information.Spectrum correction algorithm is employed to get accurate frequencies and amplitudes of the signal spectrum.Finally,the fault of the tested system is evaluated based on the corrected spectrum.Practice proves that this method features quick response and high accuracy,and can be used in on-line real-time fault diagnosis.
引文
[1]谢珊.基于HHT的语音情感识别研究[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2008:10-16.XIE SH.Speech emotion recognition research based onHilbert-Huang transformation[D].Xiangtan:XiangtanUniversity,2008:10-16.
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[9]孙立瑛,李一博,曲志刚,等.基于小波包和HHT的声发射信号分析方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(8):1577-1582.SUN L Y,LI Y B,QUZHG,et al.Acoustic emission sig-nal processing method based on wavelet package andHHTtransform[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instru-ment,2008,29(8):1577-1582.
[10]祝丽莉,张西宁,温广瑞,等.基于振动的蜗杆蜗轮减速器状态检测方法研究[J].机械传动,2006,30(2):40-42.ZHULL,ZHANG X N,WENG R,et al.Vibration basedworm reducer condition monitoring study[J].MechanicalTransmission,2006,30(2):40-42.
[11]崔玲丽,丁芳,高立新,等.齿轮裂纹早期故障的完全解调分析[J].北京工业大学学报,2006,32(2):760-764.CUI L L,DING F,GAO L X,et al.A comprehensive de-modulation analysis of gear tooth crack early faulty[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2006,32(2):760-764.
[12]丁康,胡晓斌,谢明.解调分析的一种优化方法[J].振动工程学报,1998,11(2):235-240.DING K,HUX B,XIE M.An optimization method for de-modulation analysis[J].Journal of Vibration Engineer-ing,1998,11(2):235-240.
[13]崔锦泰.小波分析导论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1994:161-168.CUI J T.Introduction to wavelet analysis[M].Xi’an:Xi’an Jiaotong University Press,1994:161-168.
[14]张义平.爆破震动信号的HHT分析与应用研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006:14-38.ZHANG Y P.HHT analysis of blasting vibration and itsapplication[D].Changsha:Central South University,2006:14-38.
[15]袁玲,杨帮华,马世伟.基于HHT和SVM的运动想象脑电识别[J].仪器仪表学报,2010,31(3):649-654.YUAN L,YANG B H,MA SHW,et al.Discrimination ofmovement imagery EEG based on HHT and SVM[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2010,31(3):649-654.
[16]黄姣英,袁海文,崔勇,等.基于EMD和自相关的论坛音频信号处理[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2009,23(9):33-37.HUANG J Y,YUAN HW,CUI Y,et al.Tire audio signalprocessing based on EMD and autocorrelation analysis[J].Journal of Electrical Measurement and Instrument,2009,23(9):33-37.
[17]郑婧,王婧頔,郭洁,等.电力变压器铁心振动特性分析[J].2010,24(8):763-768.ZHENG J,WANG J G,GUO J,et al.Vibration analysis ofpower transform cores[J].Journal of Electrical Measure-ment and Instrument,2010,24(8):763-768.
[2]张郁山.希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)与地震动时程的希尔伯特谱[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2003:15-51.ZHANG Y SH.Hilbert-Huang transform and Hilbert spec-trum of earthquake ground motion[D].Beijing:Instituteof Geophysics,China Seismological Bureau,2003:15-51.
[3]NORDEN E H,ZHENG S,STEVEN R L.The empiricalmode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlin-ear and non-stationary time series analysis[J].Proc.R.soc.Lond.A,1998:903-905.
[4]行鸿彦,许瑞庆,王长松.基于经验模态分解的脉搏信号特征研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2009,30(3):596-602.XING H Y,XV R Q,WANG CH S.Pulse signal featureresearch based on empirical mode decomposition[J].Journal of Scientific Instrument,2009,30(3):596-602.
[5]段虎明,秦树人,李宁.离散频谱的校正方法综述[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(11):138-145.DUAN HM,QINSHR,LI N.AReviewon discrete spec-trum correction method[J].Journal of Vibration andShock,2007,26(11):138-145.
[6]谢明,丁康.离散频谱分析的一种新校正方法[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,1995,18(2):47-54.XIE M,DING K.A new correction method for discretespectrum analysis[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science edition,1995,18(2):47-54.
[7]徐平均,欧阳志喜,李伟,等.一种紧凑型汽车座椅水平驱动器[P].中国专利:ZL200620106505.7,2007.XUP J,OUYANG ZHX,LI W,et.al.Acompact horizon-tal driver for automobile seat[P].China:ZL200620106505.7,2007.
[8]张佳芳.基于EEMD的车内语音增强研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007:22-32.ZHANG J F.HHTbased in-car speech enhancement study[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2007:22-32.
[9]孙立瑛,李一博,曲志刚,等.基于小波包和HHT的声发射信号分析方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(8):1577-1582.SUN L Y,LI Y B,QUZHG,et al.Acoustic emission sig-nal processing method based on wavelet package andHHTtransform[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instru-ment,2008,29(8):1577-1582.
[10]祝丽莉,张西宁,温广瑞,等.基于振动的蜗杆蜗轮减速器状态检测方法研究[J].机械传动,2006,30(2):40-42.ZHULL,ZHANG X N,WENG R,et al.Vibration basedworm reducer condition monitoring study[J].MechanicalTransmission,2006,30(2):40-42.
[11]崔玲丽,丁芳,高立新,等.齿轮裂纹早期故障的完全解调分析[J].北京工业大学学报,2006,32(2):760-764.CUI L L,DING F,GAO L X,et al.A comprehensive de-modulation analysis of gear tooth crack early faulty[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2006,32(2):760-764.
[12]丁康,胡晓斌,谢明.解调分析的一种优化方法[J].振动工程学报,1998,11(2):235-240.DING K,HUX B,XIE M.An optimization method for de-modulation analysis[J].Journal of Vibration Engineer-ing,1998,11(2):235-240.
[13]崔锦泰.小波分析导论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1994:161-168.CUI J T.Introduction to wavelet analysis[M].Xi’an:Xi’an Jiaotong University Press,1994:161-168.
[14]张义平.爆破震动信号的HHT分析与应用研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006:14-38.ZHANG Y P.HHT analysis of blasting vibration and itsapplication[D].Changsha:Central South University,2006:14-38.
[15]袁玲,杨帮华,马世伟.基于HHT和SVM的运动想象脑电识别[J].仪器仪表学报,2010,31(3):649-654.YUAN L,YANG B H,MA SHW,et al.Discrimination ofmovement imagery EEG based on HHT and SVM[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2010,31(3):649-654.
[16]黄姣英,袁海文,崔勇,等.基于EMD和自相关的论坛音频信号处理[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2009,23(9):33-37.HUANG J Y,YUAN HW,CUI Y,et al.Tire audio signalprocessing based on EMD and autocorrelation analysis[J].Journal of Electrical Measurement and Instrument,2009,23(9):33-37.
[17]郑婧,王婧頔,郭洁,等.电力变压器铁心振动特性分析[J].2010,24(8):763-768.ZHENG J,WANG J G,GUO J,et al.Vibration analysis ofpower transform cores[J].Journal of Electrical Measure-ment and Instrument,2010,24(8):763-768.
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