岩质边坡爆破振动速度的高程放大效应研究
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摘要
岩质边坡爆破振动的高程放大效应是边坡上振动速度传播规律的重要研究内容之一。基于岩质边坡爆破振动高程响应机制的理论分析以及边坡开挖爆破振动的数值模拟与实例分析,研究边坡爆破振动速度的高程放大效应。结果表明,边坡爆破振动速度的高程放大效应是在一定的条件下产生的,受爆破振动荷载特性及边坡坡形等因素的影响。爆破振动荷载作用下,边坡坡面不同高程台阶岩体结构的自振主频率处于爆破振动荷载主频带范围内,台阶部位岩体结构的振动响应会产生"鞭梢效应",导致台阶部位岩体振动速度放大。在边坡坡形骤变、坡度增大时,边坡上一级台阶岩体的振动速度可大于下一级台阶岩体的振动速度,产生显著的振动速度高程放大效应。坡形相近的条件下,台阶坡脚处的振动速度随高程的增加逐渐减小,不出现振动速度高程放大效应。"鞭梢效应"影响下,边坡台阶边沿的振动速度较大,但应力、应变较同高程台阶坡脚处的小,边沿部位的振动速度不适宜评价边坡的稳定性。
Elevation amplification effect of blasting vibration is an important study content of vibration propagation law on rock slope.Based on the theoretical analysis of elevation response mechanism on rock slope,numerical simulation of blasting vibration induced by slope excavation and measured data analysis,the blasting vibration elevation amplification effect has been studied.The results indicate that the blasting vibration elevation amplification effect occurs under some conditions and it is affected by factors such as the property of blasting vibration and the slope form.Under the blasting load,when the natural frequencies of different slope benches correspond with the main frequency band of blast load,the"whiplash effects" are caused in rock structures of the slope benches and the vibrations are amplified.While slope form changes rapidly and slope gradient increase,the vibration velocity of higher slope bench may be larger than that of lower slope bench,which generates significant elevation amplification effect of vibration.Under the similar slope form,the vibration velocity at the toe of slope bench decreases with the increase of the elevation and the elevation amplification effect of vibration is not caused.Under the"whiplash effect",the vibration velocity at the edge of the slope bench is bigger than that at the toe of slope bench on the same elevation;but the stress and strain are smaller.So the vibration velocities at the edge of the slope bench are not appropriate for evaluating the stability of rock slope.
Elevation amplification effect of blasting vibration is an important study content of vibration propagation law on rock slope.Based on the theoretical analysis of elevation response mechanism on rock slope,numerical simulation of blasting vibration induced by slope excavation and measured data analysis,the blasting vibration elevation amplification effect has been studied.The results indicate that the blasting vibration elevation amplification effect occurs under some conditions and it is affected by factors such as the property of blasting vibration and the slope form.Under the blasting load,when the natural frequencies of different slope benches correspond with the main frequency band of blast load,the"whiplash effects" are caused in rock structures of the slope benches and the vibrations are amplified.While slope form changes rapidly and slope gradient increase,the vibration velocity of higher slope bench may be larger than that of lower slope bench,which generates significant elevation amplification effect of vibration.Under the similar slope form,the vibration velocity at the toe of slope bench decreases with the increase of the elevation and the elevation amplification effect of vibration is not caused.Under the"whiplash effect",the vibration velocity at the edge of the slope bench is bigger than that at the toe of slope bench on the same elevation;but the stress and strain are smaller.So the vibration velocities at the edge of the slope bench are not appropriate for evaluating the stability of rock slope.
引文
[1]唐海,李海波,蒋鹏灿,等.地形地貌对爆破振动波传播的影响实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(9):1 817–1 823.(TANG Hai,LI Haibo,JIANG Pengcan,et al.Experimental study on the effect of topography on the propagation of blasting wave[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(9):1 817–1 823.(in Chinese))
[2]唐海,李海波.反映高程放大效应的爆破振动公式研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):820–824.(TANG Hai,LI Haibo.Study of blasting vibration formula of reflecting amplification effect on elevation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):820–824.(in Chinese))
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[6]姚尧.爆震的放大效应与二元回归分析[J].爆破,1992,9(4):5–8.(YAO Yao.Blasting vibration elevation amplification effect and its binary regression analysis[J].Blasting,1992,9(4):5–8.(in Chinese))
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[8]谭文辉,璩世杰,毛市龙.边坡爆破振动高程效应分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):619–623.(TAN Wenhui,QU Shijie,MAO Shilong,et al.Altitude effect of blasting vibration in slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):619–623.(in Chinese))
[9]SONG G M,SHI X Z,ZHOU Z G,et al.Monitoring and assessing method for blasting vibration on open-pit slope in Hainan iron mine[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology:English Edition,2000,7(2):72–74.
[10]HAVENITH H B,VANINI M,JONGMANS D.Initiation of earthquake-induced slope failure:influence of topographical and other site specific amplification effects[J].Journal of Seismology,2003,7(3):397–412.
[11]MARRARA F,SUHADOLC P.Site amplifications in the city of Benevento(Italy)comparison of observed and estimated ground motion from explosive sources[J].Journal of Seismology,1998,2(2):125–143.
[12]GRAIZER V.Low-velocity zone and topography as a source of site amplification effect on Tarzana hill,California[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2009,29(2):324–332.
[13]包世华.结构动力学[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2005:49–70.(BAO Shihua.Structural dynamics[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology Press,2005:49–70.(in Chinese))
[14]王雷,宋维源,李吉.框架结构鞭梢效应的分析与讨论[J],黑龙江科技学院学报,2004,14(3):177–179.(WANG Lei,SONG Weiyuan,LI Ji.Analysis and discussion of the whiplash effect of frames[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology,2004,14(3):177–179.(in Chinese))
[15]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984:89–94.(WANG Wenlong.Drilling and blasting[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1984:89–94.(in Chinese))
[16]杨建华,卢文波,陈明.炮孔爆炸荷载变化历程的确定[C]//第二届全国工程安全与防护学术会议.北京:[s.n.],2010:773–777.(YANG Jianhua,LU Wenbo,CHEN Ming.Determination of the blasting load variation in borehole[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Engineering Safety and Security.Beijing:[s.n.],2010:773–777.(in Chinese))
[17]FIELD J E,WALLEY S M,PROUD W G,et al.Review of experimental techniques for high rate deformation and shock studies[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2004,30(7):725–775.
[18]刘美山.金沙江溪洛渡水电站拱肩槽EL.610～400 m开挖爆破振动测试报告[R].武汉:长江水利委员会长江科学院,2008.(LIU Meishan.Test report of excavation blasting vibration at elevation 610–400 m of right slope of Xiluodu hydropower station.Wuhan:Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Changjiang River Water Resources Commission,2008.(in Chinese))
[2]唐海,李海波.反映高程放大效应的爆破振动公式研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):820–824.(TANG Hai,LI Haibo.Study of blasting vibration formula of reflecting amplification effect on elevation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):820–824.(in Chinese))
[3]裴来政.金堆城露大矿高边坡爆破震动监测与分析[J].爆破,2006,23(4):82–85.(PEI Laizheng.Monitoring and analysis of blasting vibration at the high slope of Jinduicheng open-pit mine[J].Blasting,2006,23(4):82–85.(in Chinese))
[4]周同岭,杨秀甫,翁家杰.爆破地震高程效应的实验研究[J].建井技术,1997,12(18):31–35.(ZHOU Tongling,YANG Xiupu,WENG Jiajie.Experimental study on elevation effect of blasting seism[J].Mine Construction Technology,1997,12(18):31–35.(in Chinese))
[5]王在泉,陆文兴.高边坡爆破开挖震动传播规律及质量控制[J].爆破,1994,11(3):1–4.(WANG Zaiquan,LU Wenxing.Propagation of blasting vibration and quality control of high slope in excavation by blas[J].Blasting,1994,11(3):1–4.(in Chinese))
[6]姚尧.爆震的放大效应与二元回归分析[J].爆破,1992,9(4):5–8.(YAO Yao.Blasting vibration elevation amplification effect and its binary regression analysis[J].Blasting,1992,9(4):5–8.(in Chinese))
[7]朱传统,刘宏根.地震波参数沿边坡坡面传播规律公式选择[J].爆破,1988,5(2):30–34.(ZHU Chuantong,LIU Honggen.Selection of formula on propagation of the parameters of explosive seismic wave along slope[J].Blasting,1988,5(2):30–34.(in Chinese))
[8]谭文辉,璩世杰,毛市龙.边坡爆破振动高程效应分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):619–623.(TAN Wenhui,QU Shijie,MAO Shilong,et al.Altitude effect of blasting vibration in slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):619–623.(in Chinese))
[9]SONG G M,SHI X Z,ZHOU Z G,et al.Monitoring and assessing method for blasting vibration on open-pit slope in Hainan iron mine[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology:English Edition,2000,7(2):72–74.
[10]HAVENITH H B,VANINI M,JONGMANS D.Initiation of earthquake-induced slope failure:influence of topographical and other site specific amplification effects[J].Journal of Seismology,2003,7(3):397–412.
[11]MARRARA F,SUHADOLC P.Site amplifications in the city of Benevento(Italy)comparison of observed and estimated ground motion from explosive sources[J].Journal of Seismology,1998,2(2):125–143.
[12]GRAIZER V.Low-velocity zone and topography as a source of site amplification effect on Tarzana hill,California[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2009,29(2):324–332.
[13]包世华.结构动力学[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2005:49–70.(BAO Shihua.Structural dynamics[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology Press,2005:49–70.(in Chinese))
[14]王雷,宋维源,李吉.框架结构鞭梢效应的分析与讨论[J],黑龙江科技学院学报,2004,14(3):177–179.(WANG Lei,SONG Weiyuan,LI Ji.Analysis and discussion of the whiplash effect of frames[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology,2004,14(3):177–179.(in Chinese))
[15]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984:89–94.(WANG Wenlong.Drilling and blasting[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1984:89–94.(in Chinese))
[16]杨建华,卢文波,陈明.炮孔爆炸荷载变化历程的确定[C]//第二届全国工程安全与防护学术会议.北京:[s.n.],2010:773–777.(YANG Jianhua,LU Wenbo,CHEN Ming.Determination of the blasting load variation in borehole[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Engineering Safety and Security.Beijing:[s.n.],2010:773–777.(in Chinese))
[17]FIELD J E,WALLEY S M,PROUD W G,et al.Review of experimental techniques for high rate deformation and shock studies[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2004,30(7):725–775.
[18]刘美山.金沙江溪洛渡水电站拱肩槽EL.610～400 m开挖爆破振动测试报告[R].武汉:长江水利委员会长江科学院,2008.(LIU Meishan.Test report of excavation blasting vibration at elevation 610–400 m of right slope of Xiluodu hydropower station.Wuhan:Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Changjiang River Water Resources Commission,2008.(in Chinese))
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