风力发电高塔系统风致动力响应分析
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摘要
风荷载是威胁风力发电高塔系统结构安全的主要外因之一。基于此,首先以典型的1.25MW变桨距风力发电高塔系统为背景,在有限元程序ANSYS开发环境下,建立了风力发电高塔系统"桨叶-机舱-塔体-基础"一体化有限元分析模型。其次,基于随机过程的随机函数描述,结合风速作用于旋转桨叶的物理机制,提出了旋转Fourier谱物理模型。再次,依据随机函数法生成目标场地的风场,进行了风力发电高塔系统一体化模型的风致动力响应分析,对比了风力发电高塔系统的静力计算结果与动力响应计算结果。研究表明:结构的风致动力放大效应显著,在设计过程中必须考虑该效应。同时,风力发电钢塔存在突出的拍振现象,动力响应明显偏大,而钢筋混凝土风力发电塔则不存在该现象。
Wind loads are considered to be one of the main harmful factors to threats the structural safety of wind turbine systems.Based on the typical pitch regulated 1.25 MW steel wind turbine system,an integrated finite element model consisting of the rotor,the nacelle,the tower and the foundation is established using the commercial software ANSYS.Then,on the basis of the random function description of stochastic processes,a physical model of the rotational Fourier spectrum is proposed according to the physical mechanism of wind speeds loading on rotating blades.Furthermore,the wind field of the target site is generated based on the random function method,and the wind-excited dynamic response analysis is thereafter done.In order to evaluate the dynamic amplification effect,the dynamic response results are compared with the static ones.The results show that the wind-induced dynamic amplification effect is remarkable,and this effect should be taken into consideration in the structural design phase.Moreover,obvious beat vibrations exist in the dynamic response analysis of steel wind turbine system,while similar phenomenon does not exist for the reinforced concrete wind turbine system.
Wind loads are considered to be one of the main harmful factors to threats the structural safety of wind turbine systems.Based on the typical pitch regulated 1.25 MW steel wind turbine system,an integrated finite element model consisting of the rotor,the nacelle,the tower and the foundation is established using the commercial software ANSYS.Then,on the basis of the random function description of stochastic processes,a physical model of the rotational Fourier spectrum is proposed according to the physical mechanism of wind speeds loading on rotating blades.Furthermore,the wind field of the target site is generated based on the random function method,and the wind-excited dynamic response analysis is thereafter done.In order to evaluate the dynamic amplification effect,the dynamic response results are compared with the static ones.The results show that the wind-induced dynamic amplification effect is remarkable,and this effect should be taken into consideration in the structural design phase.Moreover,obvious beat vibrations exist in the dynamic response analysis of steel wind turbine system,while similar phenomenon does not exist for the reinforced concrete wind turbine system.
引文
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[2]汤炜梁,袁奇,韩中合.风力机塔筒抗台风设计[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(4):422-427.
[3]Lobtiz D W.A Nastran-based computer program for structural dynamic analysis of horizontal axis wind turbine[R].USA:Department of Energy,1995.
[4]Murtagh P J,Basu B,Broderick B M.Along-wind response of a wind turbine tower with blade coupling subjected to rotationally sampled wind loading[J].Engineering Structures,2005,27(8):1209-1219.
[5]Bazeos N,Hatzigeorgiou G D,Hondros I D,et al.Static,seismic and stability analyses of a prototype wind turbine steel tower[J].Engineering Structures,2002,24(8):1015-1025.
[6]Lavassas I,Nikolaidis G,Zervas P,et al.Analysis and design of theprototype of a steel1-MW wind turbine tower[J].Engineering Structures,2003,25(8):1097-1106.
[7]Kaminsky F C,Kirchhoff R H,Syu C Y,et al.A comparison of alternative approaches for the synthetic generation of a wind speed time series[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,1991,113(4):280-289.
[8]陈小波,陈健云,李静.海上风力发电塔脉动风速时程数值模拟[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(32):111-116.
[9]Powell D C,Connell J R.Verification of theoretically computed spectra for a point rotating in a vertical plane[J].Solar Energy,1987,39(1):53-63.
[10]Connell J R.The spectrum of wind speed fluctuations encountered by a rotating blade of a wind energy conversion system[R].USA:Batelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory,1982.
[11]Burton T,Sharpe D,Jenkins N,et al.Wind energy handbook[M].Chichester:John Wiley&Sons,2001.
[12]Veers P S.Three-dimensional wind simulation[R].USA:Sandia National Laboratories,1988.
[13]Hansen M O L.Aerodynamics of wind turbines[M].Znd ed.London:Earthscan,2008.
[14]Germanischer Lloyd.Rules and guidelines IV-industrial services,part2:guideline for the certification of offshore wind turbines[S].Hamburg:Germanischer Lloyd,2005.
[15]李杰,陈建兵.随机振动理论与应用新进展[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2009:38-39.
[16]李杰,张琳琳.实测风速资料的随机Fourier谱研究[J].振动工程学报,2007,20(1):66-72.
[17]艾晓秋.基于随机地震动模型的地下管线地震反应及抗震可靠度研究[D].上海:同济大学,2005.
[18]Dragt J B.The spectra of wind speed fluctuations met by a rotating blade,and resulting load fluctuations[R].Netherlands:Energy research Center of Netherlands,1984.
[19]贺德馨.风工程与工业空气动力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.
[20]Clough R W,Penzien J.Dynamics of structures[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1993.
[21]钟万勰.应用力学对偶体系[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[22]钟万勰,林家浩.高层建筑振动的鞭梢效应[J].振动与冲击,1985(2):1-6.
[23]贺广零.风力发电高塔系统风致随机动力响应分析与抗风可靠度研究[D].上海:同济大学,2009.
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