不同抗震区结构承载力裕度的概率结构分析与比较
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摘要
按现行规范设计的不同抗震区的结构安全性能和水平是否存在显著差异?为澄清这一问题,该文构造了一个能合理反映结构整体安全性能的承载力裕度参数,并通过承载力裕度概率密度函数的比较间接研究不同抗震区结构安全性能的差异。基于上述思路,在概率密度演化理论的框架下,由可靠度问题的不同求解方式出发,导出了承载力裕度的密度变换解及其δ序列逼近算法;然后以按规范设计的不同抗震区的四榀9层3跨钢筋混凝土平面框架为对象,结合结构非线性全过程分析和密度变换解的δ序列逼近算法,分别获得了四榀框架结构承载力裕度的概率密度函数,通过比较研究,可以发现:尽管承载力裕度的概率分布类型基本相似,但均值差异明显,反映了不同抗震区结构安全性能的差距,且随着抗震设防烈度的提高,安全水平呈下降趋势,这一现象需引起工程界的足够重视。
Are there visible differences on safety level for structures designed according to Chinese existing design codes in different seismic fortification intensity regions? Margin ratio for ultimate limit capacity(MRULC) of structures,which is a parameter reflecting structural safety,is introduced,and then the structural safety is indicated by the probability density functions(PDFs) for MRULC.Following the idea of probability density evolution method,the transiting solution of PDF for MRULC is derived from two different descriptions of reliability,together with its approximation via a family of δ sequences.At last,taking four 9-story 3-bay reinforced concrete frames,which are designed for different seismic fortification intensity regions by codes,as examples,the PDFs of their MRULC are obtained by combining full-range nonlinear analysis with approximation via a family of sequences.By comparison,it is found that the shape of PDFs for MRULC is identical,whereas there are distinct differences for mean values,which manifest the discrepancies on safety level.What's more,the structural safety level decreases as seismic fortification intensity increases.And this phenomenon should be paid enough attention for engineers.
Are there visible differences on safety level for structures designed according to Chinese existing design codes in different seismic fortification intensity regions? Margin ratio for ultimate limit capacity(MRULC) of structures,which is a parameter reflecting structural safety,is introduced,and then the structural safety is indicated by the probability density functions(PDFs) for MRULC.Following the idea of probability density evolution method,the transiting solution of PDF for MRULC is derived from two different descriptions of reliability,together with its approximation via a family of δ sequences.At last,taking four 9-story 3-bay reinforced concrete frames,which are designed for different seismic fortification intensity regions by codes,as examples,the PDFs of their MRULC are obtained by combining full-range nonlinear analysis with approximation via a family of sequences.By comparison,it is found that the shape of PDFs for MRULC is identical,whereas there are distinct differences for mean values,which manifest the discrepancies on safety level.What's more,the structural safety level decreases as seismic fortification intensity increases.And this phenomenon should be paid enough attention for engineers.
引文
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[10]马宏旺,赵国藩.钢筋混凝土柱抗震可靠度分析[J].工业建筑,2001,31(10):58―61.Ma Hongwang,Zhao Guofan.Seismic reliability analysis of reinforced concrete columns[J].Industrial Construction,2001,31(10):58―61.(in Chinese)
[11]李桂青.结构动力可靠性理论及其应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.Li Guiqing.Theory and application about structural dynamics reliability[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1993.(in Chinese)
[12]李杰,陈建兵.随机动力系统中的广义密度演化方程[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(6):712―719.Li Jie,Chen Jianbing.The probability density evolution analysis of stochastic dynamic system[J].Progress in Natural Science,2006,16(6):712―719.(in Chinese)
[13]Li J,Chen J B.The principle of preservation of probability and the generalized density evolution equation[J].Structural Safety,2008,30:65―77.
[14]Chen J B,Li J.The extreme value distribution and reliability of nonlinear stochastic structures[J].Earthquake Engineering.&Engineering Vibration,2005,4(2):275―286.
[15]Li J,Chen J B,Fan W L.The equivalent extreme-value event and evaluation of the structural system reliability[J].Structural Safety,2007,29:112―131.
[16]欧进萍,段宇博.高层建筑结构的抗震可靠度分析与优化设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,1995,15(1):1―13.Ou Jinping,Duan Yubo.Seismic reliability analysis and optimum design of tall buildings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1995,15(1):1―13.(in Chinese)
[17]欧进萍.概率Pushover分析方法及其在结构体系抗震可靠度评估中的应用[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(6):81―86.Ou Jinping.Random pushover analysis method and its application in earthquake-resistant reliability evaluation of structural systems[J].Journal of Building Structures,2001,22(6):81―86.(in Chinese)
[18]侯爽,欧进萍.钢筋混凝土框架结构体系抗震可靠度及其抗力衰减影响分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(5):114―119.Hou Shuang,Ou Jinping.Earthquake-resistant system reliability analysis of reinforced concrete frame structure and the influence of resistance attention[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(5):114―119.(in Chinese)
[19]马宏旺.钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震可靠度分析与设计研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2001.Ma Hongwang.Seismic reliability analysis and design of reinforced concrete frames[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2001.(in Chinese)
[20]吕大刚.钢框架结构的非线性静力抗震可靠性分析II:可靠度指标及其灵敏度[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(1):71―78.Lu Dagang.Nonlinear static seismic reliability analysis of steel frame structures II:Reliability index and its sensitivity[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(1):71―78.(in Chinese)
[21]Zhao Y G,Ono T.Moment methods for structural reliability[J].Structural Safety,2001,23(1):47―75.
[22]陈建兵,李杰.随机结构动力反应的极值分布[J].振动工程学报,2004,17(4):382―387.Chen Jianbing,Li Jie.Extreme value distribution of the dynamic response for stochastic structures[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2004,17(4):382―387.(in Chinese)
[23]李杰,范文亮.钢筋混凝土框架结构体系可靠度分析[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(11):7―12.Li Jie,Fan Wenliang.System reliability analysis of RC frames[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(11):7―12.(in Chinese)
[24]Fan W L,Chen J B,Li J.Solution of generalized density evolution equation via a family ofδsequences[J].Computational Mechanics,2009,43(6):781―796.
[25]Chen J B,Li J.Strategy for selecting representative points via tangent spheres in the probability density evolution method[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2008,74:1988―2014.
[26]Li J,Chen J B.The number theoretical method in response analysis of nonlinear stochastic structures[J].Computational Mechanics,2007,39(6):693―708.
[27]GB 50010-2002,混凝土结构设计规范[S].2002.GB 50010-2002,Code for design of concrete structures[S].2002.(in Chinese)
[28]JGJ 3-2002,高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程[S],2002.JGJ 3-2002,Technical specification for concrete structures of tall building[S].2002.(in Chinese)
[29]张学文,罗旗帜.土木工程荷载与设计方法[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2003.Zhang Xuewen,Luo Qizhi.Load and design method for civil engineering[M].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[30]李国强.工程结构荷载与可靠度设计原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.Li Guoqiang.Load and reliability-based design principle for engineering structures[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[2]李继华.建筑结构概率极限状态设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990.Li Jihua.The probability-based limit state design method for building structures[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1990.(in Chinese)
[3]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).NEHRP Guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[R].FEMA Report 273,1997.
[4]Marshall R D,Yokel F Y.Recommended performance-based criteria for the design of manufactured home foundation systems to resist wind and seismic loads[R].Building and Fire Research Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg,MD 20899,1995.
[5]李国强,吴波,韩林海.结构抗火研究进展与趋势.学科发展战略研究报告——建筑、环境与土木工程Ⅱ[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.Li Guoqiang,Wu Bo,Han Linhai.Development and trend of fire resistance of structures.Strategy research report on development of disciplines—architecture,environment and civil engineering II[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[6]Israel M,Ellingwood B,Corotis R B.Reliability-based code formulation for reinforced concrete buildings[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1987,113(10):2235―2252.
[7]GB 50009-2001,建筑结构荷载规范[S].2002.GB 50009-2001,Load code for the design of building structures[S],2002.(in Chinese)
[8]GB 50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].2001.GB 50011-2001,Code for seismic design of buildings[S].2001.(in Chinese)
[9]马宏旺,赵国藩.钢筋混凝土梁抗震可靠度校核以及强剪弱弯设计可靠性分析[J].建筑结构,2000,30(10):3―8.Ma Hongwang,Zhao Guofan.Seismic reliability calibration of reinforced concrete beams and reliability analysis of strong-shear and weak-bend design[J].Building Structures,2000,30(10):3―8.(in Chinese)
[10]马宏旺,赵国藩.钢筋混凝土柱抗震可靠度分析[J].工业建筑,2001,31(10):58―61.Ma Hongwang,Zhao Guofan.Seismic reliability analysis of reinforced concrete columns[J].Industrial Construction,2001,31(10):58―61.(in Chinese)
[11]李桂青.结构动力可靠性理论及其应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.Li Guiqing.Theory and application about structural dynamics reliability[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1993.(in Chinese)
[12]李杰,陈建兵.随机动力系统中的广义密度演化方程[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(6):712―719.Li Jie,Chen Jianbing.The probability density evolution analysis of stochastic dynamic system[J].Progress in Natural Science,2006,16(6):712―719.(in Chinese)
[13]Li J,Chen J B.The principle of preservation of probability and the generalized density evolution equation[J].Structural Safety,2008,30:65―77.
[14]Chen J B,Li J.The extreme value distribution and reliability of nonlinear stochastic structures[J].Earthquake Engineering.&Engineering Vibration,2005,4(2):275―286.
[15]Li J,Chen J B,Fan W L.The equivalent extreme-value event and evaluation of the structural system reliability[J].Structural Safety,2007,29:112―131.
[16]欧进萍,段宇博.高层建筑结构的抗震可靠度分析与优化设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,1995,15(1):1―13.Ou Jinping,Duan Yubo.Seismic reliability analysis and optimum design of tall buildings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1995,15(1):1―13.(in Chinese)
[17]欧进萍.概率Pushover分析方法及其在结构体系抗震可靠度评估中的应用[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(6):81―86.Ou Jinping.Random pushover analysis method and its application in earthquake-resistant reliability evaluation of structural systems[J].Journal of Building Structures,2001,22(6):81―86.(in Chinese)
[18]侯爽,欧进萍.钢筋混凝土框架结构体系抗震可靠度及其抗力衰减影响分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(5):114―119.Hou Shuang,Ou Jinping.Earthquake-resistant system reliability analysis of reinforced concrete frame structure and the influence of resistance attention[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(5):114―119.(in Chinese)
[19]马宏旺.钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震可靠度分析与设计研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2001.Ma Hongwang.Seismic reliability analysis and design of reinforced concrete frames[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2001.(in Chinese)
[20]吕大刚.钢框架结构的非线性静力抗震可靠性分析II:可靠度指标及其灵敏度[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(1):71―78.Lu Dagang.Nonlinear static seismic reliability analysis of steel frame structures II:Reliability index and its sensitivity[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(1):71―78.(in Chinese)
[21]Zhao Y G,Ono T.Moment methods for structural reliability[J].Structural Safety,2001,23(1):47―75.
[22]陈建兵,李杰.随机结构动力反应的极值分布[J].振动工程学报,2004,17(4):382―387.Chen Jianbing,Li Jie.Extreme value distribution of the dynamic response for stochastic structures[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2004,17(4):382―387.(in Chinese)
[23]李杰,范文亮.钢筋混凝土框架结构体系可靠度分析[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(11):7―12.Li Jie,Fan Wenliang.System reliability analysis of RC frames[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(11):7―12.(in Chinese)
[24]Fan W L,Chen J B,Li J.Solution of generalized density evolution equation via a family ofδsequences[J].Computational Mechanics,2009,43(6):781―796.
[25]Chen J B,Li J.Strategy for selecting representative points via tangent spheres in the probability density evolution method[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2008,74:1988―2014.
[26]Li J,Chen J B.The number theoretical method in response analysis of nonlinear stochastic structures[J].Computational Mechanics,2007,39(6):693―708.
[27]GB 50010-2002,混凝土结构设计规范[S].2002.GB 50010-2002,Code for design of concrete structures[S].2002.(in Chinese)
[28]JGJ 3-2002,高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程[S],2002.JGJ 3-2002,Technical specification for concrete structures of tall building[S].2002.(in Chinese)
[29]张学文,罗旗帜.土木工程荷载与设计方法[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2003.Zhang Xuewen,Luo Qizhi.Load and design method for civil engineering[M].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[30]李国强.工程结构荷载与可靠度设计原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.Li Guoqiang.Load and reliability-based design principle for engineering structures[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005.(in Chinese)
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