基于行程距离最优及容量受限的避难所分配算法研究
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摘要
针对城市重大突发事件人员紧急疏散策略,提出一种基于替换插值机制的预受灾人员避难所分配算法,该算法综合考虑避难场所容量受限性及城市人口在空间分布上的不均匀性,实现对预计受灾人口(空间单元)进行科学分配避难所,在确保每个避难所容量不超限的同时,使所有被疏散人员的总行程距离最小化,并尽可能使每个避难所服务范围具有空间连续性,从而为城市人员紧急疏散提供科学依据和辅助决策。试验证明该算法的有效性和可行性,并在实际项目中得到较好应用。
According to the residence evacuation plan for the city emergency,an algorithm for distributing the shelter for victim or spatial disaster cell is proposed based on shift insertion method.Considering the uneven distribution of the residents in space and the capability limitation of each shelter,the proposed algorithm minimizes the total travel cost and keeps the spatial service continuity of each shelter with capability constraint.As a result,it can provide the scientific basis and the decision support for emergency evacuation.Comparative experiments under different constraints have evaluated the algorithm's availability and feasibility.Moreover,applications in engineering projects also prove the excellent practical utilities.
According to the residence evacuation plan for the city emergency,an algorithm for distributing the shelter for victim or spatial disaster cell is proposed based on shift insertion method.Considering the uneven distribution of the residents in space and the capability limitation of each shelter,the proposed algorithm minimizes the total travel cost and keeps the spatial service continuity of each shelter with capability constraint.As a result,it can provide the scientific basis and the decision support for emergency evacuation.Comparative experiments under different constraints have evaluated the algorithm's availability and feasibility.Moreover,applications in engineering projects also prove the excellent practical utilities.
引文
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[17]YAO Qinglin.On Some Questions of Opti mally SelectingRefuges for Large Earthquake[J].Journal of SeismologicalResearch,1997,19(3):244-248.(姚清林.关于优选城市地震避灾场地的某些问题[J].地震研究,1997,19(3):244-248.)
[18]AURENHAMMER F.Voronoi Diagrams——a Survey ofa Fundamental Geometric Data Structure[J].ACMComputingSurvey,1991,23(3):345-405.
[2]MI NCI ARDI R,SACILE R,SICCARDI F,et al.Opti malPlanning of a Weather Radar Network[J].Journal ofAt mospheric and Oceanic Technology,2003,20(9),1251-1263.
[3]TOREGAS C,SWAIN R,REVELLE C,et al.The Locationof Emergency Service Facilities[J].Operations Research,1971,19(6),1363-1373.
[4]PLANE D R,HENDRICK T E.Mathematical Programmingand the Location of Fire Companies for the Denver FireDepart ment[J].Operations Research,1977,25(4),563-578.
[5]GLEASON J M.A Set Covering Approach to Bus StopLocation[J].Omega,1975,3(5),605-608.
[6]ZHOU Tianying,JI AN Furen.Study on Establishing theSupporting Systemfor Location of the Urgent Refuge[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,18(1):17-24.(周天颖,简甫任.紧急避灾场所区位决策支持系统建立之研究[J].水土保持研究,2001,18(1):17-24.)
[7]XIE Shunping,FENG Xuezhi,LU Wei.Algorithm forConstructing Voronoi Area Diagram Based on RoadNetwork Analysis[J].Acta Geodaetica et CartographicaSinica,2010,39(1):88-94(谢顺平,冯学智,鲁伟.基于道路网络分析的Voronoi面域图构建算法[J].测绘学报,2010,39(1):88-94.)
[8]HUANG B,LI U N.Bi-level Programming Approach toOpti mizing a Logistic Distribution Network with BalancingRequirements[J].Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2004,18(9),188-197.
[9]UPCHURCH C,KUBY M,ZOLDAK M,et al.Using GISto Generate Mutually Exclusive Service Areas LinkingTravel on and off a Network[J].Journal of TransportGeography,2004,12(1),23-33.
[10]BOYLE P J,DUNN C E.Redefinition of EnumerationDistrict Cancroids:A Test of Their Accuracy UsingThiessen Polygons[J].Environmental Planning A,1991,23(8):1111-1119.
[11]WANGJian,HU Xiaowei,TONG Jingjing,et al.RoutePlanning of Regional Emergency Evacuation Based onLane Modeling[J].Journal of Traffic and TransportationEngineering,2010,10(2):82-87.(王健,胡晓伟,佟晶晶,等.基于车道建模的区域应急疏散路径规划[J].交通运输工程学报,2010,10(2):82-87.)
[12]TAN Manchun,TANG Songan,XU Jianmin.DynamicDiscrete Traffic Model of Freeway with Multiple Lanes[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2002,15(2):91-94.(谭满春,唐松安,徐建闽.多车道高速公路的动态离散交通流模型[J].中国公路学报,2002,15(2):91-94.)
[13]CHENJun,ZHAO Renliang.Spatial Relationsin GIS:ASurvey onIts Key Issues and Research Progress[J].ActaGeodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,1999,28(2):97-102.(陈军,赵仁亮.GIS空间关系的基本问题与研究进展[J].测绘学报,1999,28(2):97-102.)
[14]LI Gang,MA Donghui,SUJingyu,et al.MultiplicativelyWeighted Voronoi Diagrams for Responsibility SpaceRegionalization of Urban Earthquake Emergency Shelters[J].Building Science,2006,22(3):55-59.(李刚,马东辉,苏经宇,等.基于加权Voronoi图的城市地震应急避难场所责任区的划分[J].建筑科学,2006,22(3):55-59.)
[15]SU Youpo,LI U Ruixing.Planning Principles andOutlines of Urban Earthquake Shelters[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,2004,19(1):87-92.(苏幼坡,刘瑞兴.城市地震避难所的规划原则与要点[J].灾害学,2004,19(l):87-92.)
[16]YANG Wenbin,HAN Shi wen,ZHANG Jingjun,et al.Planning Construction of Earthquake Emergency Sheltersand Urban Disaster Reduction[J].Journal of NaturalDisasters,2004,13(1):126-132.(杨文斌,韩世文,张敬军,等.地震应急避灾场所的规划建设与城市防灾[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(l):126-132.)
[17]YAO Qinglin.On Some Questions of Opti mally SelectingRefuges for Large Earthquake[J].Journal of SeismologicalResearch,1997,19(3):244-248.(姚清林.关于优选城市地震避灾场地的某些问题[J].地震研究,1997,19(3):244-248.)
[18]AURENHAMMER F.Voronoi Diagrams——a Survey ofa Fundamental Geometric Data Structure[J].ACMComputingSurvey,1991,23(3):345-405.
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