井下积水对下山巷道爆破震动的影响研究
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摘要
下山巷道掘进过程中,巷道岩石爆破为含水爆破作业。利用爆破动力学和岩石力学理论,通过对爆破装药的合理简化,深入研究了含水裂隙岩体中的爆破地震效应及飞石抛掷特性。针对爆破震动特性进行了理论计算,并和测试结果进行了对比,计算结果与现场实践吻合较好。结果表明:随炮孔含水量的增加,炮孔壁质点速度呈增大趋势,爆源处爆破地震效应相对略有增强,且传播较远,但是震动速度的增长趋势比无水爆破时缓慢,距爆源远处地震效应减弱。由此可见,岩体中含水爆破能有效地降低爆破地震效应,对预防和减少爆破灾害具有一定的指导作用。
In the driving process of dip entries,the blasting operation in headings is commonly the rock blasting with waters.In the paper,the effect of blasting vibration and the rock throwing characteristics in the water-bearing and cracked rock mass were discussed deeply by making use of the theories of blasting dynamics and rock mechanics.Especially,the blasting vibration characteristics were calculated,and contrasted with the tested results.The calculated results held agood coincidence with the engineering practice.The results showed that with the increase of water content in blast hole the particle velocity of hole wall tended to increase.The effect of blasting vibration at explosion source was slightly enhanced and the transmit distance was farther,but the tendency of vibration velocity increase was slower than that of blasting without water,and the seismic effect of the place away from the explosion source was weakened.Thus,it can be seen that blasting containing water in cracked rock mass can effectively reduce the effect of blasting vibration.
In the driving process of dip entries,the blasting operation in headings is commonly the rock blasting with waters.In the paper,the effect of blasting vibration and the rock throwing characteristics in the water-bearing and cracked rock mass were discussed deeply by making use of the theories of blasting dynamics and rock mechanics.Especially,the blasting vibration characteristics were calculated,and contrasted with the tested results.The calculated results held agood coincidence with the engineering practice.The results showed that with the increase of water content in blast hole the particle velocity of hole wall tended to increase.The effect of blasting vibration at explosion source was slightly enhanced and the transmit distance was farther,but the tendency of vibration velocity increase was slower than that of blasting without water,and the seismic effect of the place away from the explosion source was weakened.Thus,it can be seen that blasting containing water in cracked rock mass can effectively reduce the effect of blasting vibration.
引文
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[9]林德余,马万昌,李忠,等.岩石爆破中水垫层作用的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1992,11(2):130-139.LIN De-yu,MA Wan-chang,LI Zhong,et al.Research on the effects of bottom water cushion on long hole blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1992,11(2):130-139.
[10]谢木栅.孔底水耦合深孔微差爆破[J].爆破,1999,16(4):116-118.XIE Mu-shan.Hole bottom water coupled deep-hole millisecond blasting[J].Blasting,1999,16(4):116-118.
[2]HENRYCH J.爆炸动力学及其应用[M]熊建国,译.北京:科学出版社,1987:161-179.
[3]陈士海.现代钻爆理论与技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998:103-122.
[4]张宪堂,王洪立.紧邻房屋的含水沟槽微差爆破[J].爆破,2003,20(增刊):33-35.ZHANG Xian-tang,WANG Hong-li.Millisecond blasting of the water-bearing ditch near houses[J].Blasting,2003,20(s):33-35.
[5]陈士海.深孔水压爆破装药结构与应用研究[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(增刊):112-116.CHEN Shi-hai.Study on charging structure and its use of deep hole water pressure blasting[J].Journal of ChinaCoal Society,2000,25(s):33-35.
[6]吴文根,李金详.水介质控制爆破在巷道掘进中的试验应用[J].有色金属:矿山部分,2003,55(5):20-21.WU Wen-gen,LI Jin-xiang.The experimental application of water-medium controlled blasting in roadway drivage[J].Non-ferrous Metals:Mining,2003,55(5):20-21.
[7]姚绍强,朱昌存,裴守辉,等.岩巷下山施工技术探讨[J].河北能源职业技术学院学报,2003(4):66-68.YAO Shao-qiang,ZHU Chang-cun,PEI Shou-hui,et al.Discuss the constructing technique of down-dip rock heading[J].Journal of Hebei Energy Institute of Vocation and Technology,2003(4):66-68.
[8]颜事龙,徐颖.水耦合装药爆破破岩机理的数值模拟研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(6):921-924.YAN Shi-long,XU Ying.Numerical simulation of water-coupled charge rock blasting mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2005,1(6):921-924.
[9]林德余,马万昌,李忠,等.岩石爆破中水垫层作用的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1992,11(2):130-139.LIN De-yu,MA Wan-chang,LI Zhong,et al.Research on the effects of bottom water cushion on long hole blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1992,11(2):130-139.
[10]谢木栅.孔底水耦合深孔微差爆破[J].爆破,1999,16(4):116-118.XIE Mu-shan.Hole bottom water coupled deep-hole millisecond blasting[J].Blasting,1999,16(4):116-118.
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