都江堰-汶川公路汶川地震次生地质灾害主要特征和形成机理
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摘要
汶川特大地震发生后,都江堰至汶川公路两旁次生地质灾害尤为严重,先后多次完全中断震中交通生命线,严重地影响了公路的安全运行和灾后重建。通过对汶川地震前后都江堰-汶川公路边坡现场调查资料对比分析,研究了该地段边坡的主要次生地质灾害类型及其破坏模式、形成机制和时空分布特点。破坏类型主要为碎屑流式、碎裂滑移式崩塌和碎裂-俯冲式、振荡-高速滑移式泥石流等,造成沿线边坡发生大面积浅表生改造破坏。此类灾害具有丛集性、相关性、分段性的明显特点。成因复杂的高陡岩土体是次生地质灾害的主要物质基础;强烈的场地地震效应和内外动力耦合作用是该地区地质灾害成生的主要因素。
The geological hazards induced by the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake along the Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway are especially severe and have seriously affected the safe riding along the highway and the reconstructions.In order to prevent and reduce disasters effectively,main geo-hazard type,slope failure modes and its formation mechanism,and the tempo-spitial distribution in the area have been studied on the basis of the field investigations and statistic analysis of available data.The main damage types include debris flow to collapse,cataclastic rocks to collapse,and shatter-subduction type mudslides,oscillation high-speed sliding debris flows along the slope area.Born transformation induced by such disasters have intensive,systematic and subsection characteristic.Thegeologic hazards have many types and are notably divided into sectors;the high and steep rock deposits of complex origin become the main materials of geological hazards;intense earthquake effect and coupling of endogenic and exogenic forces are important factors for formation and occurrence of geological hazards in the area.
The geological hazards induced by the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake along the Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway are especially severe and have seriously affected the safe riding along the highway and the reconstructions.In order to prevent and reduce disasters effectively,main geo-hazard type,slope failure modes and its formation mechanism,and the tempo-spitial distribution in the area have been studied on the basis of the field investigations and statistic analysis of available data.The main damage types include debris flow to collapse,cataclastic rocks to collapse,and shatter-subduction type mudslides,oscillation high-speed sliding debris flows along the slope area.Born transformation induced by such disasters have intensive,systematic and subsection characteristic.Thegeologic hazards have many types and are notably divided into sectors;the high and steep rock deposits of complex origin become the main materials of geological hazards;intense earthquake effect and coupling of endogenic and exogenic forces are important factors for formation and occurrence of geological hazards in the area.
引文
①四川省地矿局909水文地质工程地质队.四川省阿坝州区域环境地质调查报告[R].1999.
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③四川省地质调查院.《四川省都江堰市地质灾害(补充)调查与区划报告》[R].2007.
④四川省地质矿产勘查开发局,成都理工大学,四川省地质环境监测总站,四川省国土资源厅.国道213线都江堰至汶川公路抢通保通工程地质灾害应急调查报告[R].2008.
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[4]王连捷,崔军文,周春景,等.汶川5.12地震发震机理的数值模拟[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):105～113.WANG Lian-jie,CUI Jun-wen,ZHOU Chun-jing,et al.Numerical modeling for Wenchuan earthquake mechanism[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):105～113.
[5]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.龙门山北端青川断层附近应力测量与断层稳定性[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):114～130.PENG Hua,MA Xiu-min,JIANG Jing-jie.Stability and stress measurement near the Qingchuan fault in the northernLongmen Mountains[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):114～130.
[6]张永双,石菊松,孙萍,等.汶川地震内外动力耦合及灾害实例[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):131～141.ZHANG Yong-shuang,SHI Ju-song,SUN Ping,et al.Coupling between endogenic and exogenic geological processes in theWenchuan earthquake and example analysis of geo-hazards[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):131～141.
[7]谭成轩,孙叶,吴树仁,等.“5.12”汶川MS.8.0大地震后后我国区域地壳稳定性评价的思考[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):142～150.TAN Cheng-xuan,SUN Ye,WU Shu-ren,et al.A consideration on regional crustal stability assessment after MS 8.0Wenchuan strong earthquake in China[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):142～150.
[8]姚鑫,张永双.基于差分干涉雷达的汶川地震同震形变特点[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):151～161.YAO Xin,ZHANG Yong-shuang.Co-seismic deformation of 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake based on D-INSAR[J].Journalof Geomechanics,2009,15(2):151～161.
[9]Masami SAITO;Tohru ARAYA and Futoshi NAKAMURA.Sediment Production and Storage Processes Associated withEarthquake-induced Landslides in Okushiri Island,1993.Sabo Gakkaishi-47(6).
[10]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19～28.HUANG Run-qiu,LI Wei-le.Fault effect analysis of geo-hazard triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2009,17(1):19～28.
[11]四川省地方志编纂委员会.四川省志.地质志[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1998.The Editorial Committee of annals of local history of Sichuan Province.Local History and Geology of Sichuan Province[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,1998.
[12]四川省地矿局.四川省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Rosources.Regional geology of Sichuan Province[M].Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1991.
[13]许强,黄润秋.5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721～729.XU Qiang,HUANG Run-qiu.Kinetics characteristics of large landlides triggered by May 12th Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):721～729.
[14]黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.HUANG Run-qiu.Study on geological Hazards in Wenchuan earthquake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
②广汉市地质工程勘察院.汶川县地质灾害调查与区划[R].成都.2004.
③四川省地质调查院.《四川省都江堰市地质灾害(补充)调查与区划报告》[R].2007.
④四川省地质矿产勘查开发局,成都理工大学,四川省地质环境监测总站,四川省国土资源厅.国道213线都江堰至汶川公路抢通保通工程地质灾害应急调查报告[R].2008.
[1]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.山丹地应力监测站体应变仪的地震效应[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):97～108.PENG Hua,MA Xiu-min,JIANG Jing-jie.Analysis of the volume strain data from the Shandan in-situ stress MonitoringStation[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):97～108.
[2]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):109～116.ZHANG Yong-shuang,LEI Wei-zhi,SHI Ju-song,et al.General characteristics of 5.12 earthquake-induced geo-hazards inSichuan[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109～116.
[3]王连捷,周春景,孙东生,等.汶川5.12地震引起的库仑应力变化及其对周边地震活动的影响[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(3):193～200.WANG Lian-jie,ZHOU Chun-jing,SUN Dong-sheng,et al.Coulomb stress changes caused by Wenchuan earthquake andits influence on seismic activity in the adjacent area[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(3):193～200.
[4]王连捷,崔军文,周春景,等.汶川5.12地震发震机理的数值模拟[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):105～113.WANG Lian-jie,CUI Jun-wen,ZHOU Chun-jing,et al.Numerical modeling for Wenchuan earthquake mechanism[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):105～113.
[5]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.龙门山北端青川断层附近应力测量与断层稳定性[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):114～130.PENG Hua,MA Xiu-min,JIANG Jing-jie.Stability and stress measurement near the Qingchuan fault in the northernLongmen Mountains[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):114～130.
[6]张永双,石菊松,孙萍,等.汶川地震内外动力耦合及灾害实例[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):131～141.ZHANG Yong-shuang,SHI Ju-song,SUN Ping,et al.Coupling between endogenic and exogenic geological processes in theWenchuan earthquake and example analysis of geo-hazards[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):131～141.
[7]谭成轩,孙叶,吴树仁,等.“5.12”汶川MS.8.0大地震后后我国区域地壳稳定性评价的思考[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):142～150.TAN Cheng-xuan,SUN Ye,WU Shu-ren,et al.A consideration on regional crustal stability assessment after MS 8.0Wenchuan strong earthquake in China[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):142～150.
[8]姚鑫,张永双.基于差分干涉雷达的汶川地震同震形变特点[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):151～161.YAO Xin,ZHANG Yong-shuang.Co-seismic deformation of 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake based on D-INSAR[J].Journalof Geomechanics,2009,15(2):151～161.
[9]Masami SAITO;Tohru ARAYA and Futoshi NAKAMURA.Sediment Production and Storage Processes Associated withEarthquake-induced Landslides in Okushiri Island,1993.Sabo Gakkaishi-47(6).
[10]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19～28.HUANG Run-qiu,LI Wei-le.Fault effect analysis of geo-hazard triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2009,17(1):19～28.
[11]四川省地方志编纂委员会.四川省志.地质志[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1998.The Editorial Committee of annals of local history of Sichuan Province.Local History and Geology of Sichuan Province[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,1998.
[12]四川省地矿局.四川省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Rosources.Regional geology of Sichuan Province[M].Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1991.
[13]许强,黄润秋.5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721～729.XU Qiang,HUANG Run-qiu.Kinetics characteristics of large landlides triggered by May 12th Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):721～729.
[14]黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.HUANG Run-qiu.Study on geological Hazards in Wenchuan earthquake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
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