结构损伤指标研究综述
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摘要
结构震害指数是评价某个结构或构件在受到地震作用后破坏状态的无量纲指数,是工程师在地震后对受损建筑做出处理决策的重要理论依据。它分为整体损伤指标和局部损伤指标。大多数局部损伤指标在本质上是累积性的。整体损伤指标可以通过结构所有的局部损伤指标加权平均得到,或是通过比较地震前后结构的模态属性得到。对国际上较常用的震害指数计算模型进行了介绍和评述,分析了这些模型的优缺点,在此基础上提出了震害指数今后研究和发展方向的建议。
Damage indices aim to provide a means of quantifying numerically the damage in concrete structures under earthquake loading,with particular reference to their use in retrofit decision making.Indices may be defined locally or globally.Most local indices are cumulative in nature.Global damage indices may be calculated by taking a weighted average of the local indices throughout a structure,or by comparing the modal properties of the structure before and after the earthquake.Several kinds of seismic damage index models and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and compared.Based on this,the existing problems on the research of seismic damage indices and some suggestions for the future research are pointed out.
Damage indices aim to provide a means of quantifying numerically the damage in concrete structures under earthquake loading,with particular reference to their use in retrofit decision making.Indices may be defined locally or globally.Most local indices are cumulative in nature.Global damage indices may be calculated by taking a weighted average of the local indices throughout a structure,or by comparing the modal properties of the structure before and after the earthquake.Several kinds of seismic damage index models and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and compared.Based on this,the existing problems on the research of seismic damage indices and some suggestions for the future research are pointed out.
引文
[1]Williams M S,Sexsmith R G.Seismic damage indicesfor concrete structures:A state-of-the-art review[J].Earthquake Spectra,1995,11(2):319-349.
[2]张菊辉.基于数值模拟的规则桥梁墩柱的地震易损性分析[D].上海:同济大学,2006.Zhang J H.Study on seismic vulnerability analysis ofnormal beam bridge piers based on numericalsimulation[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2006.(inChinese)
[3]Bracci J M,Mander J B,Kunnath S K.Deterministicmodel for seismic damage evaluation of RC structures,Technical Report NCEER-89-0033[R].NationalCenter for Earthquake Engineering Research,StateUniversity of New York,Buffalo NY,1989.
[4]Banon H,Biggs J M,Irvine H M.Seismic damage inreinforced concrete frames[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering,ASCE,1981,107(9):1713-1729.
[5]Roufaiel M S L,Meyer C.Analytical modeling ofhysteretic behaviour of R/C frames[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering,ASCE,1987,113(3):429-444.
[6]Kunnath S K,Reinhorn A M,Park Y J.Seismicevaluation of reinforced concrete frame-wall buildings[J].Concrete International:Design and Construction,1989,11(8):57-61.
[7]郭子雄,刘阳,杨勇.结构震害指数研究评述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(5):56-61.Guo Z X,Liu Y,Yang Y.State-of-the-art of seismicdamage index of structures[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(5):56-61.(in Chinese)
[8]Stephens J E,Yao J T P.Damage assessment usingresponse measurement[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering,ASCE,1987,113(4):787-801.
[9]Toussi S,Yao J T P.Hysteresis identification ofexisting structures[J].Journal of StructuralMechanics,ASCE,1983,109(5):1189-1203.
[10]Jeong G D,Iwan W D.Effect of earthquake durationon the damage of structures[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1988,16(8):1201-1211.
[11]Chung Y S,Meyer C,Shinozuka M.Modeling ofconcrete damage[J].Structural Journal,AmericanConcrete Institute,1989,86(3):259-271.
[12]Gosain N K,Brown R H,Jirsa J O.Shearrequirements for load reversals on RC members[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1977,103(7):1461-1476.
[13]Kratzig W B,Meyer I F,Meskouris K.Damageevolution in reinforced concrete members under cyclicloading[C]∥Proc.5th Int.Conf.on Structural Safetyand Reliability(ICOSSAR 89),San Francisco CA,1989,Ⅱ:795-802.
[14]Park Y J,Ang A H-S.Mechanistic seismic damagemodel for reinforced concrete[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering,ASCE,1985,111(ST4):722-739.
[15]Park Y J,Ang A H-S,Wen Y K.Seismic damageanalysis of reinforced concrete buildings[J].Journalof Structural Engineering,ASCE,1985,111(ST4):740-757.
[16]Park Y J,Ang A H-S,Wen Y K.Damage-limitingaseismic design of buildings[J].Earthquake Spectra,1987,3(1):1-26.
[17]Allahabadi R,Powell G H.DRAIN-2DX user guide,Report UCB/EERC-88/06[R].EarthquakeEngineering Research Center,University of California,Berkeley,1988,6.
[18]Stone W C,Taylor A W.Seismic performance ofcircular bridge columns designed in accordance withAASHTO/CALTRANS standards[R].NIST BuildingScience Series 170,National Institute of Standards andTechnology,Gaithersburg MD,1993.
[19]王东升,司炳君,艾庆华,等.改进的Park-Ang地震损伤模型及其比较[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2005,27:138-144(增刊).Wang D S,Si B J,Ai Q H,et al.A comparative studyof modified Park-Ang model and Park-Ang model forstructural seismic damage evaluation[J].EarthquakeResistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2005,27:138-144.(in Chinese)
[20]吕大刚,王光远.基于损伤性能的抗震结构最优设防水准的决策方法[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(1):44-49.Lv D G,Wang G Y.Decision-making method ofoptimal fortification level for aseismic structures basedon damage performance[J].China Civil EngineeringJournal,2001,34(1):44-49.(in Chinese)
[21]于海祥,武建华,张国彬.一种新型的混凝土结构双参数地震损伤模型[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2004,26(5):43-48.Yu H X,Wu J H,Zhang G B.A new earthquakedamage model for RC structure[J].Journal ofChongqing Jianzhu University,2004,26(5):43-48.(in Chinese)
[22]赵杰林.混凝土结构地震损伤的研究现状及发展趋向[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007,33(6):138-142.Zhao J L.Present situation and development of studieson earthquake damage in concrete structures[J].Sichuan Building Science,2007,33(6):138-142.(inChinese)
[23]DiPasquale E,Cakmak A S.Identification of theserviceability limit state and detection of seismicstructural damage,Technical Report NCEER-88-0022[R].National Center for Earthquake EngineeringResearch,State University of New York,BuffaloNY,1988.
[24]DiPasquale E,Ju J-W,Askar A,et al.Relationbetween global damage indices and local stiffnessdegradation[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1990,116(5):1440-1456.
[25]Miyamura M,Kanda K,DiPasquale E,et al.Globaldamage indices and nonlinear structural response[C]∥Proc.5th Int.Conf.on Structural Safety andReliability(ICOSSAR 89),San Francisco CA,1989,Ⅰ:375-381.
[26]Rodriguez-Gomez S,Cakmak A S.Evaluation ofseismic damage indices for RC structures,TechnicalReport NCEER-90-0022[R].National Center forEarthquake Engineering Research,State University ofNew York,Buffalo NY,1990.
[27]Mork K J.Stochastic analysis of reinforced concreteframes under seismic excitation[J].Soil Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering,1992,11(3):145-161.
[28]Nielsen S R K,Koyluoglu HU,Cakmak A S.One andtwo-dimensional maximum softening damage indicatorsfor reinforced concrete structures under seismicexcitation[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,1992,11(8):435-443.
[29]李军旗,赵世春.钢筋混凝土构件损伤模型[J].兰州铁道学院学报,2000,19(3):25-27.Li J Q,Zhao S C.Damage model of reinforcedconcrete member[J].Journal of Lanzhou RailwayUniversity,2000,19(3):25-27.(in Chinese)
[30]夏烨,淡丹辉,孙利民.基于模态参数的损伤指标比较研究[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(S):903-905.Xia Y,Dan D H,Sun L M.A comparative study ondamage indices based on modal parameters[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2006,25(S):903-905.(in Chinese)
[2]张菊辉.基于数值模拟的规则桥梁墩柱的地震易损性分析[D].上海:同济大学,2006.Zhang J H.Study on seismic vulnerability analysis ofnormal beam bridge piers based on numericalsimulation[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2006.(inChinese)
[3]Bracci J M,Mander J B,Kunnath S K.Deterministicmodel for seismic damage evaluation of RC structures,Technical Report NCEER-89-0033[R].NationalCenter for Earthquake Engineering Research,StateUniversity of New York,Buffalo NY,1989.
[4]Banon H,Biggs J M,Irvine H M.Seismic damage inreinforced concrete frames[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering,ASCE,1981,107(9):1713-1729.
[5]Roufaiel M S L,Meyer C.Analytical modeling ofhysteretic behaviour of R/C frames[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering,ASCE,1987,113(3):429-444.
[6]Kunnath S K,Reinhorn A M,Park Y J.Seismicevaluation of reinforced concrete frame-wall buildings[J].Concrete International:Design and Construction,1989,11(8):57-61.
[7]郭子雄,刘阳,杨勇.结构震害指数研究评述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(5):56-61.Guo Z X,Liu Y,Yang Y.State-of-the-art of seismicdamage index of structures[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(5):56-61.(in Chinese)
[8]Stephens J E,Yao J T P.Damage assessment usingresponse measurement[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering,ASCE,1987,113(4):787-801.
[9]Toussi S,Yao J T P.Hysteresis identification ofexisting structures[J].Journal of StructuralMechanics,ASCE,1983,109(5):1189-1203.
[10]Jeong G D,Iwan W D.Effect of earthquake durationon the damage of structures[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1988,16(8):1201-1211.
[11]Chung Y S,Meyer C,Shinozuka M.Modeling ofconcrete damage[J].Structural Journal,AmericanConcrete Institute,1989,86(3):259-271.
[12]Gosain N K,Brown R H,Jirsa J O.Shearrequirements for load reversals on RC members[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1977,103(7):1461-1476.
[13]Kratzig W B,Meyer I F,Meskouris K.Damageevolution in reinforced concrete members under cyclicloading[C]∥Proc.5th Int.Conf.on Structural Safetyand Reliability(ICOSSAR 89),San Francisco CA,1989,Ⅱ:795-802.
[14]Park Y J,Ang A H-S.Mechanistic seismic damagemodel for reinforced concrete[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering,ASCE,1985,111(ST4):722-739.
[15]Park Y J,Ang A H-S,Wen Y K.Seismic damageanalysis of reinforced concrete buildings[J].Journalof Structural Engineering,ASCE,1985,111(ST4):740-757.
[16]Park Y J,Ang A H-S,Wen Y K.Damage-limitingaseismic design of buildings[J].Earthquake Spectra,1987,3(1):1-26.
[17]Allahabadi R,Powell G H.DRAIN-2DX user guide,Report UCB/EERC-88/06[R].EarthquakeEngineering Research Center,University of California,Berkeley,1988,6.
[18]Stone W C,Taylor A W.Seismic performance ofcircular bridge columns designed in accordance withAASHTO/CALTRANS standards[R].NIST BuildingScience Series 170,National Institute of Standards andTechnology,Gaithersburg MD,1993.
[19]王东升,司炳君,艾庆华,等.改进的Park-Ang地震损伤模型及其比较[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2005,27:138-144(增刊).Wang D S,Si B J,Ai Q H,et al.A comparative studyof modified Park-Ang model and Park-Ang model forstructural seismic damage evaluation[J].EarthquakeResistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2005,27:138-144.(in Chinese)
[20]吕大刚,王光远.基于损伤性能的抗震结构最优设防水准的决策方法[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(1):44-49.Lv D G,Wang G Y.Decision-making method ofoptimal fortification level for aseismic structures basedon damage performance[J].China Civil EngineeringJournal,2001,34(1):44-49.(in Chinese)
[21]于海祥,武建华,张国彬.一种新型的混凝土结构双参数地震损伤模型[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2004,26(5):43-48.Yu H X,Wu J H,Zhang G B.A new earthquakedamage model for RC structure[J].Journal ofChongqing Jianzhu University,2004,26(5):43-48.(in Chinese)
[22]赵杰林.混凝土结构地震损伤的研究现状及发展趋向[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007,33(6):138-142.Zhao J L.Present situation and development of studieson earthquake damage in concrete structures[J].Sichuan Building Science,2007,33(6):138-142.(inChinese)
[23]DiPasquale E,Cakmak A S.Identification of theserviceability limit state and detection of seismicstructural damage,Technical Report NCEER-88-0022[R].National Center for Earthquake EngineeringResearch,State University of New York,BuffaloNY,1988.
[24]DiPasquale E,Ju J-W,Askar A,et al.Relationbetween global damage indices and local stiffnessdegradation[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1990,116(5):1440-1456.
[25]Miyamura M,Kanda K,DiPasquale E,et al.Globaldamage indices and nonlinear structural response[C]∥Proc.5th Int.Conf.on Structural Safety andReliability(ICOSSAR 89),San Francisco CA,1989,Ⅰ:375-381.
[26]Rodriguez-Gomez S,Cakmak A S.Evaluation ofseismic damage indices for RC structures,TechnicalReport NCEER-90-0022[R].National Center forEarthquake Engineering Research,State University ofNew York,Buffalo NY,1990.
[27]Mork K J.Stochastic analysis of reinforced concreteframes under seismic excitation[J].Soil Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering,1992,11(3):145-161.
[28]Nielsen S R K,Koyluoglu HU,Cakmak A S.One andtwo-dimensional maximum softening damage indicatorsfor reinforced concrete structures under seismicexcitation[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,1992,11(8):435-443.
[29]李军旗,赵世春.钢筋混凝土构件损伤模型[J].兰州铁道学院学报,2000,19(3):25-27.Li J Q,Zhao S C.Damage model of reinforcedconcrete member[J].Journal of Lanzhou RailwayUniversity,2000,19(3):25-27.(in Chinese)
[30]夏烨,淡丹辉,孙利民.基于模态参数的损伤指标比较研究[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(S):903-905.Xia Y,Dan D H,Sun L M.A comparative study ondamage indices based on modal parameters[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2006,25(S):903-905.(in Chinese)
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