高坝混凝土裂缝问题研究综述
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摘要
针对高坝建设和运行中普遍存在的裂缝问题,将高坝混凝土裂缝问题分为4个部分,包括裂缝成因和机理、裂缝扩展稳定性、裂缝探查方法以及裂缝防治和处理措施,然后对每一部分中关键问题如裂缝成因、扩展稳定性研究方法、裂缝无损探查方法以及裂缝灌浆措施的研究现状分别进行阐述,指出优缺点及值得关注的发展方向,最后给出自己的一些建议,以期对高坝裂缝问题研究有所帮助。
Cracking is the common problem during the construction and operation phases in the concrete dams.This paper illustrates the four aspects of the cracking problems in the high concrete dams,which include the causes and mechanisms of cracks,the stability of the expanding crack,the methods to examine cracks,and the prevention and treatment measures.Specific details are demonstrated for each of the four aspects,such as the causes of cracks,the methods of stability analysis,the non-destructive probing methods,and the grouting techniques.This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages for each method,and also points out that some methods merit attention.Furthermore,this paper proposes some advices for the future research of the cracking in the high concrete dams.
Cracking is the common problem during the construction and operation phases in the concrete dams.This paper illustrates the four aspects of the cracking problems in the high concrete dams,which include the causes and mechanisms of cracks,the stability of the expanding crack,the methods to examine cracks,and the prevention and treatment measures.Specific details are demonstrated for each of the four aspects,such as the causes of cracks,the methods of stability analysis,the non-destructive probing methods,and the grouting techniques.This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages for each method,and also points out that some methods merit attention.Furthermore,this paper proposes some advices for the future research of the cracking in the high concrete dams.
引文
[1]朱伯芳.建设高质量永不裂缝拱坝的可行性及实现策略[J].水利学报,2006,(10):1155-1159.(ZHU Bo-fang.On the Feasibilityof Building High Quality Arch Dams without Cracking and the Relevant Techniques[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engnieering,2006,(10):1155-1159.(in Chinese))
[2]戴会超,王建.国内外水利水电工程混凝土裂缝及其防治技术研究[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2005.(DAI Hui-chao,WANG Jian.Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Concrete Cracks at Home and Aboard and Its Control Technique[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Conservancy Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[3]ZHANG Guo-xin,LIU Yi,ZHOU Qiu-jing.Study on Real Working Performance and Overload Safety Factor for High Arch Dam[J].Science in China,Series E,Technological Sciences,2008,51(Supp.II).
[4]任青文,王柏乐.关于拱坝柔度系数的讨论[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(1):1-4.(REN Qin-gwen,WANG Bai-le.Discussion on Slenderness Coefficient of Arch Dams[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2003,31(1):1-4.(in Chinese))
[5]薛凌峰,李靖.基于粗集决策树的混凝土坝裂缝成因挖掘[J].水力发电,2008,34(11):45-47.(XUE Ling-feng,LI Jing.Cause Mining of Crack in Concrete Dam based on Rough Sets and Decision tree[J].Water Power,2008,34(11):45-47.(in
[6]Muhammad Nasir Amin,Jeong-Su Kim,Yun Lee,Jin-Keun Kim.Simulation of the Thermal Stress in Mass Concrete Using a Thermal Stress Measuring Device[J].Cement and Concrete Research.2009,39(3):154-164.
[7]Amirreze Ghaemmaghami,Mohsen Ghaemian.Large-scale Testing on Specific Fracture Energy Determination of Dam Concrete[J].International Journal of Fracture.2006,141(1-2):247-254.
[8]刘有志,张国新,朱岳明.基于细观损伤模型的混凝土湿度及干缩特性研究[J].工程力学,2008,25(7):196-200.(LIU You-zhi,ZHANG Guo-xin,ZHU Yue-ming.Study on Concrete Moisture and Drying Shrinkage based on Mesoscopical Damage Model[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(7):196-200.(in Chinese))
[9]韦未,姚伟明.混凝土裂缝扩展模拟研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2004,24(4):53-56.(WEI Wei,YAO Wei-ming.Some Progresses in Simulation of Concrete Crack Propagation[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2004,24(4):53-56.(in Chinese))
[10]朱万成,赵启林,唐春安,等.混凝土断裂过程的力学模型与数值模拟[J].力学进展,2002,32(4):579-598.(ZHU Wan-cheng,ZHAO Qin-lin,TANG Chun-an,et al.Mechanical Model and Numerical Simulation of Fracture Process of Con-crete[J].Advances in Mechanics,2002,32(4):579-598.(in Chinese))
[11]A.R.Lohrasbi,R.Attarnejad.Crack Growth in Concrete Gravity Dams Based on Discrete Crack Method[J].American J.of En-gineering and Applied Sciences,2008,1(4):339-343.
[12]Rene de Borst,Joris J.C.Remmers,Alan Needleman,MarieAngele Abellan.Discrete vs smeared crack models for concrete fracture:bridging the gap[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2004,28(7-):
[13]杜效鹄,段云岭.准脆性材料中强不连续问题的数值方法若干应用及其研究进展[J].力学进展,2006,36(2):247-264.(DU Xiao-hu,DUAN Yun-ling.Some Applications and Recent Ad-vances of Numerical Methods for Strong Discontinuities inQuasi-brittle Material[J].Advances in Mechanics,2006,36(2):247-264.(in Chinese))
[14]李录贤,王铁军.扩展有限元法(XFEM)及其应用[J].力学进展,2005,35(1):5-20.(LI Lu-xian,WANG Tie-jun.The Ex-tended Finite Element Method and Its Applications-a Review[J].Advances in Mechanics,2005,35(1):5-20.(in Chinese))
[15]Kevin L.Rens,Terry J.Wipf,and F.Wayne Klaiber.Review of Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques of Civil Infrastruc-ture[J].Perform.Constr.Facil.,1997,11(4):152-160.
[16]Kentaro Ohno,Masayasu Ohtsu.Crack Classification in Concrete based on Acoustic Emission[J].Construction and Building Materials,2010,(24):2339-2346.
[17]刘善军,张艳博,吴立新,等.混凝土破裂与渗水过程的红外辐射特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):53-58.(LIU Shan-jun,ZHANG Yan-bo,WU Li-xin,et al.Infrared Radia-tion Feature of Concrete during Fracturing and Water Seepage Process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock and Engineering,2009,28(1):53-58.(in Chinese))
[18]Krishnaiah Chevva J.M.Shirke N.Ghosh.Assessment of Concrete Quality Using Non-destructive Techniques,Ghatghar Project,Maharashtra,India[J].Bull Eng Geol Environ,2008,(67):65-70.
[19]田威,党发宁,陈厚群.动力荷载作用下混凝土破裂特征的CT试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2011,(1):30-34.(TIAN Wei,DANG Fa-ning,CHEN Hou-qun.CT Experimental Study on Failure Characteristic of Concrete under Dynamic Loading[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,(1):30-34.(in Chinese))
[20]田北平,吴佳晔,赵强,等.引水隧洞衬砌质量检测的冲击弹性波无损检测技术[J].四川建筑科学研究,2010,(4):102-104.(TIAN Bei-ping,WU Jia-ye,ZHAO Qiang,et al.The Impact Elastic Wave in the Diversion Tunnel Lining Quality Examination Non-destructive Testing Technology[J].Sichuan Build-,,():())
[21]贾金生,李新宇.高拱坝坝踵开裂问题和新的解决措施[J].水利学报,2008,(10):35-40.(JIA Jin-sheng,LI Xin-yu.Dam Heel Cracking Problem in High Arch Dams and New Measure for Solution[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,(10):35-40.(in Chinese))
[22]朱伯芳.论微膨胀混凝土筑坝技术[J].水力发电学报,2000,(3):1-13.(ZHU Bo-fang.On Construction of Dams by Concrete with Gentle Volume Expansion[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2000,(3):1-13.(in Chinese))
[23]钟登华,吴康新,练继亮.基于多Agent的混凝土坝施工仿真与优化研究[J].系统仿真学报,2008,(2):222-226.(ZHONG Deng-hua,WU Kang-xin,LIAN Ji-liang.Research on Construction Simulation and Optimization for Concrete Dam based on Multi-agent[J].Journal of System Simulation,2008,(2):222-226.(in Chinese))
[24]曹海,刘涛,夏世法.混凝土坝体裂缝化学灌浆处理及效果分析[J].水力发电,2010,36(5):44-46.(CAO Hai,LIU Tao,XIA Shi-fa.Processing and Analysis of Chemical Grouting for Crack of Concrete Dam[J].Water Power,2010,36(5):44-46.(in Chinese))
[25]李沛豪,曲文俊.细菌诱导碳酸钙沉积修复混凝土裂缝[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(11):64-70.(LI Pei-hao,QU Wen-jun.Remediation of Concrete Cracks by Bacterially-induced Calci-um Carbonate Deposition[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(11):64-70.(in Chinese))
[2]戴会超,王建.国内外水利水电工程混凝土裂缝及其防治技术研究[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2005.(DAI Hui-chao,WANG Jian.Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Concrete Cracks at Home and Aboard and Its Control Technique[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Conservancy Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[3]ZHANG Guo-xin,LIU Yi,ZHOU Qiu-jing.Study on Real Working Performance and Overload Safety Factor for High Arch Dam[J].Science in China,Series E,Technological Sciences,2008,51(Supp.II).
[4]任青文,王柏乐.关于拱坝柔度系数的讨论[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(1):1-4.(REN Qin-gwen,WANG Bai-le.Discussion on Slenderness Coefficient of Arch Dams[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2003,31(1):1-4.(in Chinese))
[5]薛凌峰,李靖.基于粗集决策树的混凝土坝裂缝成因挖掘[J].水力发电,2008,34(11):45-47.(XUE Ling-feng,LI Jing.Cause Mining of Crack in Concrete Dam based on Rough Sets and Decision tree[J].Water Power,2008,34(11):45-47.(in
[6]Muhammad Nasir Amin,Jeong-Su Kim,Yun Lee,Jin-Keun Kim.Simulation of the Thermal Stress in Mass Concrete Using a Thermal Stress Measuring Device[J].Cement and Concrete Research.2009,39(3):154-164.
[7]Amirreze Ghaemmaghami,Mohsen Ghaemian.Large-scale Testing on Specific Fracture Energy Determination of Dam Concrete[J].International Journal of Fracture.2006,141(1-2):247-254.
[8]刘有志,张国新,朱岳明.基于细观损伤模型的混凝土湿度及干缩特性研究[J].工程力学,2008,25(7):196-200.(LIU You-zhi,ZHANG Guo-xin,ZHU Yue-ming.Study on Concrete Moisture and Drying Shrinkage based on Mesoscopical Damage Model[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(7):196-200.(in Chinese))
[9]韦未,姚伟明.混凝土裂缝扩展模拟研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2004,24(4):53-56.(WEI Wei,YAO Wei-ming.Some Progresses in Simulation of Concrete Crack Propagation[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2004,24(4):53-56.(in Chinese))
[10]朱万成,赵启林,唐春安,等.混凝土断裂过程的力学模型与数值模拟[J].力学进展,2002,32(4):579-598.(ZHU Wan-cheng,ZHAO Qin-lin,TANG Chun-an,et al.Mechanical Model and Numerical Simulation of Fracture Process of Con-crete[J].Advances in Mechanics,2002,32(4):579-598.(in Chinese))
[11]A.R.Lohrasbi,R.Attarnejad.Crack Growth in Concrete Gravity Dams Based on Discrete Crack Method[J].American J.of En-gineering and Applied Sciences,2008,1(4):339-343.
[12]Rene de Borst,Joris J.C.Remmers,Alan Needleman,MarieAngele Abellan.Discrete vs smeared crack models for concrete fracture:bridging the gap[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2004,28(7-):
[13]杜效鹄,段云岭.准脆性材料中强不连续问题的数值方法若干应用及其研究进展[J].力学进展,2006,36(2):247-264.(DU Xiao-hu,DUAN Yun-ling.Some Applications and Recent Ad-vances of Numerical Methods for Strong Discontinuities inQuasi-brittle Material[J].Advances in Mechanics,2006,36(2):247-264.(in Chinese))
[14]李录贤,王铁军.扩展有限元法(XFEM)及其应用[J].力学进展,2005,35(1):5-20.(LI Lu-xian,WANG Tie-jun.The Ex-tended Finite Element Method and Its Applications-a Review[J].Advances in Mechanics,2005,35(1):5-20.(in Chinese))
[15]Kevin L.Rens,Terry J.Wipf,and F.Wayne Klaiber.Review of Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques of Civil Infrastruc-ture[J].Perform.Constr.Facil.,1997,11(4):152-160.
[16]Kentaro Ohno,Masayasu Ohtsu.Crack Classification in Concrete based on Acoustic Emission[J].Construction and Building Materials,2010,(24):2339-2346.
[17]刘善军,张艳博,吴立新,等.混凝土破裂与渗水过程的红外辐射特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):53-58.(LIU Shan-jun,ZHANG Yan-bo,WU Li-xin,et al.Infrared Radia-tion Feature of Concrete during Fracturing and Water Seepage Process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock and Engineering,2009,28(1):53-58.(in Chinese))
[18]Krishnaiah Chevva J.M.Shirke N.Ghosh.Assessment of Concrete Quality Using Non-destructive Techniques,Ghatghar Project,Maharashtra,India[J].Bull Eng Geol Environ,2008,(67):65-70.
[19]田威,党发宁,陈厚群.动力荷载作用下混凝土破裂特征的CT试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2011,(1):30-34.(TIAN Wei,DANG Fa-ning,CHEN Hou-qun.CT Experimental Study on Failure Characteristic of Concrete under Dynamic Loading[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,(1):30-34.(in Chinese))
[20]田北平,吴佳晔,赵强,等.引水隧洞衬砌质量检测的冲击弹性波无损检测技术[J].四川建筑科学研究,2010,(4):102-104.(TIAN Bei-ping,WU Jia-ye,ZHAO Qiang,et al.The Impact Elastic Wave in the Diversion Tunnel Lining Quality Examination Non-destructive Testing Technology[J].Sichuan Build-,,():())
[21]贾金生,李新宇.高拱坝坝踵开裂问题和新的解决措施[J].水利学报,2008,(10):35-40.(JIA Jin-sheng,LI Xin-yu.Dam Heel Cracking Problem in High Arch Dams and New Measure for Solution[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,(10):35-40.(in Chinese))
[22]朱伯芳.论微膨胀混凝土筑坝技术[J].水力发电学报,2000,(3):1-13.(ZHU Bo-fang.On Construction of Dams by Concrete with Gentle Volume Expansion[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2000,(3):1-13.(in Chinese))
[23]钟登华,吴康新,练继亮.基于多Agent的混凝土坝施工仿真与优化研究[J].系统仿真学报,2008,(2):222-226.(ZHONG Deng-hua,WU Kang-xin,LIAN Ji-liang.Research on Construction Simulation and Optimization for Concrete Dam based on Multi-agent[J].Journal of System Simulation,2008,(2):222-226.(in Chinese))
[24]曹海,刘涛,夏世法.混凝土坝体裂缝化学灌浆处理及效果分析[J].水力发电,2010,36(5):44-46.(CAO Hai,LIU Tao,XIA Shi-fa.Processing and Analysis of Chemical Grouting for Crack of Concrete Dam[J].Water Power,2010,36(5):44-46.(in Chinese))
[25]李沛豪,曲文俊.细菌诱导碳酸钙沉积修复混凝土裂缝[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(11):64-70.(LI Pei-hao,QU Wen-jun.Remediation of Concrete Cracks by Bacterially-induced Calci-um Carbonate Deposition[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(11):64-70.(in Chinese))
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