三维多分量地震技术在川西新场地区深层致密砂岩裂缝检测中的应用
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摘要
针对以往利用三维纵波地震资料无法准确预测川西地区深层致密砂岩裂缝,特别是网状发育的规模裂缝系统的难题,在川西地区实施了三维多分量地震勘探。充分利用三维多分量地震纵横波地震属性、方位各向异性以及横波分裂现象估算裂缝发育的方位和密度,较好地解决了川西新场气田须家河组超致密砂岩裂缝网络系统的预测问题,为勘探和开发井位设计提供了可靠依据;同时,形成了针对不同尺度裂缝的预测方法和技术流程。钻探证实,三维多分量地震技术在川西新场地区深层致密砂岩裂缝预测中效果显著,钻井成功率由过去的50%提高到了89%。
The 3D multi-component seismic exploration was carried out in the western Sichuan Basin for the previous use of 3D P-wave seismic data failed to precisely predict fractures in deep-seated tight sandstones of this area,especially disabling to solve the problem of determining giant net-fractured systems. The 3D multi-component seismic exploring technique can predict the azimuth and density of the fracture development by means of P-and S-wave seismic attributes,azimuthal anisotropy and S-wave splitting phenomenon,and it contains various predicting methods and technical processes for different-size fractures. A full application of this technique preferably resolved the problem in predicting multi-size net-fractured systems of ultra-tight sandstones of the Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang gasfield,western Sichuan and offered some credible proofs for the well planning in gas exploration and development. The drilling has proved that the newly drilled wells planned by means of the 3D multi-component seismic exploring technique in the Xinchang area,western Sichuan,are almost high-yield gas-wells,and the drilling success ratio has been raised from 50% in the past to 89% at present.
The 3D multi-component seismic exploration was carried out in the western Sichuan Basin for the previous use of 3D P-wave seismic data failed to precisely predict fractures in deep-seated tight sandstones of this area,especially disabling to solve the problem of determining giant net-fractured systems. The 3D multi-component seismic exploring technique can predict the azimuth and density of the fracture development by means of P-and S-wave seismic attributes,azimuthal anisotropy and S-wave splitting phenomenon,and it contains various predicting methods and technical processes for different-size fractures. A full application of this technique preferably resolved the problem in predicting multi-size net-fractured systems of ultra-tight sandstones of the Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang gasfield,western Sichuan and offered some credible proofs for the well planning in gas exploration and development. The drilling has proved that the newly drilled wells planned by means of the 3D multi-component seismic exploring technique in the Xinchang area,western Sichuan,are almost high-yield gas-wells,and the drilling success ratio has been raised from 50% in the past to 89% at present.
引文
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[16]黄继新,彭仕宓,王小军,等.成像测井资料在裂缝和地应力研究中的应用[J].石油学报,2006,27(6):65-69.Huang Jixin,Peng Shi mi,Wang Xiaojun,et al.Applications of i maginglogging datainthe research of fracture and ground stress[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(6):65-69.
[17]黄中玉.应用多分量资料减少解释陷阱[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(3):200-207.Huang Zhongyu.Reduction of interpretation pitfalls using multi-compenent data[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2005,28(3):200-207.
[18]杨勤勇,赵群,王世星,等.纵波方位各向异性及其在裂缝检测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):177-181.Yang Qinyong,Zhao Qun,Wang Shixing,et al.P-wave azi muthal anisotropy and its application in detection of fractures[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(2):177-181.
[2]唐建明,马昭军.宽方位三维三分量地震资料采集观测系统设计———以新场气田三维三分量勘探为例[J].石油物探,2007,46(3):310-318.Tang Jianming,Ma Zhaojun.Design of wide-azi muth3D3C seis-mic data acquisition geometry:Case study of3D3Cexplorationin Xinchang gas field[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(3):310-318.
[3]张金亮,常象春,王世谦.四川盆地上三叠统深盆气藏研究[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):27-33.Zhang Jinliang,Chang Xiangchun,Wang Shiqian.Gas trap in deep basin of the Upper Triassic in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2002,23(3):27-33.
[4]杨克明.川西坳陷须家河组天然气成藏模式探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):786-793.Yang Keming.Gas reservoiring mode in Xujiahe Formation ofwestern Sichuan Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(6):786-793.
[5]李书兵.川西坳陷远源气藏成藏主控因素分析[M].北京:地质出版社,2004:42-52.Li Shubing.The controlling factors of the distal clastic gas pools in the West Sichuan Depression[M].Beijing:Geological Publish-ing House,2004:42-52.
[6]吴忠宝,胡文瑞,宋新民,等.天然微裂缝发育的低渗透油藏数值模拟[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):727-730.Wu Zhongbao,Hu Wenrui,Song Xinmin,et al.Numerical si mu-lation onlow-permeability reservoir with abundant natural micro-fractures[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(5):727-730.
[7]Johnston D H.VSP detection of fracture-induced velocity anisot-ropy[J].SEG Expanded Abstracts,1986,5:464-467.
[8]Tura M A C.Application of diffraction tomography to fracture detection[J].SEG Expanded Abstracts,1991,10:836-839.
[9]Lynn HB,Si mon K M,Layman M,et al.Use of anisotropyin P-wave and S-wave data for fracture characterizationin a naturally fractured gas reservoir[J].The Leading Edge,1995,14(8):887-893.
[10]Li Xiangyang.Fracture detection using azi muthal variation of P-wave moveout from orthogonal seismic survey lines[J].Geo-physics,1999,64(4):1193-1201.
[11]Gaiser J E.Applications for vector coordinate systems of3-D converted-wave data[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(11):1290-1300.
[12]Leaney WS,Sayers C M,Miller D E.Analysis of multiazi muthal VSP data for anisotropy and AVO[J].Geophysics,1999,64(4):1172-1180.
[13]Gray D,Head K.Fracture detection in Manderson Field:A3-D AVAZ case history[J].The Leading Edge,2000,19(11):1214-1221.
[14]Li Xiangyang,Yuan Jianxin.Converted-wave moveout and con-version-point equations inlayered VTI media:Theory and appli-cation[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2003,54(3/4):297-318.
[15]Hakami A M,Marfurt K J,Al-Dossary S.Curvature attribute and seismic interpretation:Case study from Fort Worth Basin,Texas,USA[J].SEG Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:544-547.
[16]黄继新,彭仕宓,王小军,等.成像测井资料在裂缝和地应力研究中的应用[J].石油学报,2006,27(6):65-69.Huang Jixin,Peng Shi mi,Wang Xiaojun,et al.Applications of i maginglogging datainthe research of fracture and ground stress[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(6):65-69.
[17]黄中玉.应用多分量资料减少解释陷阱[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(3):200-207.Huang Zhongyu.Reduction of interpretation pitfalls using multi-compenent data[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2005,28(3):200-207.
[18]杨勤勇,赵群,王世星,等.纵波方位各向异性及其在裂缝检测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):177-181.Yang Qinyong,Zhao Qun,Wang Shixing,et al.P-wave azi muthal anisotropy and its application in detection of fractures[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(2):177-181.
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