奇异值分解(SVD)实现地震波场分离与去噪新思路
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摘要
依据不同性质的地震信号(反射波、折射波、直达波、面波、VSP上\下行波、多次波、随机干扰等)之间在运动学、视速度和相干性上的差异,借助某种数学变换、SVD分解与重构联合、时域与频域结合的方式,通过这些间接的处理手段,把要提取的目标信号或要剔除的干扰信号转换到一种相干性更好的空间域中,再进行SVD分解与重构,最充分利用SVD滤波技术特点,实现地震波场分离与去噪,而不是直接对信号进行SVD分解与重构来实现地震波场分离与去噪,这样做可有效地避免以往对SVD波场分离与去噪技术应用空间狭窄、有效信号损失严重等缺陷性.
Based on the differences of propagation characteristics, apparent velocity and coherence in seismic signals for different waves (reflected wave, refracted wave, direct wave, surface wave, up and doen waves of VSP, multiply wave, random signal and so on) , we can transform the singals, which we want to distill or reject to, to one kind of spatial domain with better coherence by some mathematical technique with combined time-frequency domains.Then carrying on the SVD decomposition and restructuring again, we can achieve the seismic wave field separation and denoising.But it is distinguishing obviously with carrying on SVD directly to the seismic wave field separation and denoising.This may avoid the flaws that the technology of wave field separation and denoising via SVD is applicated narrowly and the desired signal loses seriously and so on.
Based on the differences of propagation characteristics, apparent velocity and coherence in seismic signals for different waves (reflected wave, refracted wave, direct wave, surface wave, up and doen waves of VSP, multiply wave, random signal and so on) , we can transform the singals, which we want to distill or reject to, to one kind of spatial domain with better coherence by some mathematical technique with combined time-frequency domains.Then carrying on the SVD decomposition and restructuring again, we can achieve the seismic wave field separation and denoising.But it is distinguishing obviously with carrying on SVD directly to the seismic wave field separation and denoising.This may avoid the flaws that the technology of wave field separation and denoising via SVD is applicated narrowly and the desired signal loses seriously and so on.
引文
[1] 胡天跃.地震资料叠前去噪技术的现状与未来[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2) :218～223． Hu T Y.The Current Situation and Future of Seismic Data Prestack Noise Attenuation Techniques[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2002,17(2) :218～223．
[2] 张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法、技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1083～1091． Zhang J H,LN,Tian L Y,et al.An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4) :1083～1091．
[3] 张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :546～553． Zhang J H,LN,Tian L Y,et al.An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2) :546～553．
[4] 钟伟,杨宝俊,张智.多项式拟合技术在强噪声地震资料中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :184～189． Zhong W,Yang B J,Zhang Z.Research on application of polynomial fitting technique in highly noisy seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1) :184～189．
[5] 尚新民,石林光,等.复杂地表区低信噪比地震资料处理技术[J].石油物探,2001(2) :108～115． Shang X M,Shi L G,et al.The processing technique for low S/N ratio data in complex surface area[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole,2001(2) :108～115．
[6] 高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕,等.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1155～1163． Gao J H,Mao J,Man W S,etal.On the denoising method of prestack seismic data in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2006,49(4) :1155～1163
[7] 沈鸿雁,李庆春,等.反射波法隧道井巷地震超前探测中波场分离与去噪研究[C].中国地球物理2006,672～673． Shen H Y,Li Q C.Wave field separation and denoise for tunnel and well lane reflection seismic predation ahead[C].Chenese Geophysics 2006,672～673．
[8] 张文坡,陈湛文.线性化空间变换叠前与叠后地震记录去噪方法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :190～193． Zhang W P,Chen Z W.Denoise method for prestack and poststack seismic records by linear spatial transformation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1) :190～193．
[9] 刘财,李红星,陶春辉,模糊嵌套多级中值滤波方法及其在地 震数据处理中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5) :1534～1542． Liu C,Li H X,Tao C H.A new fuzzy nesting multilevel median filter and its application to seismic data processing[J]. Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2007,50(5) :1534～1542．
[10] Jones I F,Levy S.Signal to-noise Karhunen Loeve transform [J].Geophysical prospecting,1987,35 :12～32．
[11] Al-Yahya K M.Application of the partial Karhunen-Loeve transform to suppress random noise in seismic sections[J]. Geophysical prospecting,1993,39 :77～93．
[12] Hemon C H,Mace D.Use of the Karhunen-Loeve transformation in seismic data processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1978,26 :600～626．
[13] 刘保童,朱光明.地震记录快速KL滤波的自组织神经网络方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6) :632～636． Liu B T,Zhu G M.Orthogonal decomposition approach of seismic data and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,40(6) ,632～636．
[14] 刘保童,朱光明.地震数据正交投影分解方法的研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3) :650～660． Liu B T,Zhu G M.Orthogonal decomposition approach of seismic data and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(3) :654～660．
[15] 刘保童,朱光明.高精度广义KL变换波场分离与去噪[J].地球科学与环境学报,2005,3:59～62． Liu B T,Zhu G M.Wave filed separation and de-noising using generalized high precision KL transform[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment.2005,3 :59～62．
[16] Sergio L M F,Tad J U.Application of singular value decomposition to vertical seismic profiling[J].Geophysics,1988,53(6) :778～785．
[17] Bekara M,Vander B M.Local SVD/ICA for signal enhancement of pre-stack seismic data[J].EAGE 68th Conference & Technical Exhibition,2006．
[18] 高静怀,朱光明,王玉贵.奇异值分解在VSP中的应用[J].西安地质学院学报.1992,14(3) :71～78． Gao J H,Zhu G M,Wang Y G.SVD Application for VSP Data Processing[J].Journal of Xian college of geology,1992,14(3) :71～78．
[19] 徐伯勋,白应甫,白旭滨,等.奇异值分解在垂直地震剖面中的应用[J].石油物探.1993,32(3) :60～72． Xu B X,Bai Y P,Bai X B,et al.SVD Application for VSP Data Processing[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum,1993,32(3) :60～72．
[20] 陈遵德,段天友,朱广生.SVD滤波方法的改进与应用[J].石 油地球物理勘探.1994,29(6) :783～792． Chen Z D,Duan T Y,Zhu G S.Improvement of singular values decomposition filtering and application[J].OGP,1994,29(6) ,783～792．
[21] 陈遵德.基于奇异值分解的倾角扫描叠加[J].江汉石油学院学报.1992,14(1) :45～50． Chen Z D.Dip scan stacking with SVD[J].Journal of college of Jianghan petroleum,1992,14(1) :45～50．
[22] 陆文凯,牟永光.一种改进的SVD滤波器[J].石抽地球物理勘探,1996,31(5) :736～741． Lu W K,Mou Y G.An improved SVD filter[J].OGP,1996,31(5) :736～741．
[23] 李文杰,魏修成,刘洋,等.SVD滤波法在直达波和折射波衰减处理中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(5) :71～73． Li W J,Wei X C,Liu y.Palication of SVD filtering in the processing of decaying direct wave and refracted wave[J].Petroleum exploration and development,2004,31(5) :71～73．
[24] 牛滨华,孙春岩,等.用SVD与MCC结合法压制地震波场的随机噪音[J].现代地质.1999,13(3) :334～338． Niu B H,Sun C Y,et al.Attenuation seismic random noise withSVD and MCC methods[J].Geoscience,13(3) :334～338．
[25] 沈鸿雁,李庆春,等.叠前地震资料SVD波场分离与去噪[C].西安石油大学油气资源学院创建10周年学术研讨会论文集.石油工业出版社,448～453． Shen H Y,Li Q C.Study on SVD wave field decomposition and noise attenuation for pre stack seismic data progressing[C].Symposium on the 10~(th)Anniversary of Funding of Petroleum Resources School from Xi' an Shiyou University.Petroleum Industry Press,2006,448～453．
[26] 徐伯勋,等.地震勘探信息提取、分析和预测[M].北京:地质出版社,2001． Xu B X,et al.Information extracting、analysis and prediction on seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House press,2001．
[27] 沈鸿雁,李庆春.高精度转换波时距曲线“双曲化”处理[J].石油地球物理勘探.2007,42(3) ,2 51～255． Shen H Y,Li Q C.High-precision hyperbolic simplified processing for non-hyperbolic time-distance curve of converted wave[J].OGP,2007,42(3) :251～225
[28] Shen H Y,Li Q C.Seismic wave field separation and noise attenuation in frequency domain via singular value decomposition(SVD)[C],Near-Surface Geophysics and Human Activity,2008,178～181．
[2] 张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法、技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1083～1091． Zhang J H,LN,Tian L Y,et al.An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4) :1083～1091．
[3] 张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :546～553． Zhang J H,LN,Tian L Y,et al.An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2) :546～553．
[4] 钟伟,杨宝俊,张智.多项式拟合技术在强噪声地震资料中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :184～189． Zhong W,Yang B J,Zhang Z.Research on application of polynomial fitting technique in highly noisy seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1) :184～189．
[5] 尚新民,石林光,等.复杂地表区低信噪比地震资料处理技术[J].石油物探,2001(2) :108～115． Shang X M,Shi L G,et al.The processing technique for low S/N ratio data in complex surface area[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole,2001(2) :108～115．
[6] 高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕,等.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1155～1163． Gao J H,Mao J,Man W S,etal.On the denoising method of prestack seismic data in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2006,49(4) :1155～1163
[7] 沈鸿雁,李庆春,等.反射波法隧道井巷地震超前探测中波场分离与去噪研究[C].中国地球物理2006,672～673． Shen H Y,Li Q C.Wave field separation and denoise for tunnel and well lane reflection seismic predation ahead[C].Chenese Geophysics 2006,672～673．
[8] 张文坡,陈湛文.线性化空间变换叠前与叠后地震记录去噪方法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :190～193． Zhang W P,Chen Z W.Denoise method for prestack and poststack seismic records by linear spatial transformation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1) :190～193．
[9] 刘财,李红星,陶春辉,模糊嵌套多级中值滤波方法及其在地 震数据处理中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5) :1534～1542． Liu C,Li H X,Tao C H.A new fuzzy nesting multilevel median filter and its application to seismic data processing[J]. Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2007,50(5) :1534～1542．
[10] Jones I F,Levy S.Signal to-noise Karhunen Loeve transform [J].Geophysical prospecting,1987,35 :12～32．
[11] Al-Yahya K M.Application of the partial Karhunen-Loeve transform to suppress random noise in seismic sections[J]. Geophysical prospecting,1993,39 :77～93．
[12] Hemon C H,Mace D.Use of the Karhunen-Loeve transformation in seismic data processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1978,26 :600～626．
[13] 刘保童,朱光明.地震记录快速KL滤波的自组织神经网络方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6) :632～636． Liu B T,Zhu G M.Orthogonal decomposition approach of seismic data and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,40(6) ,632～636．
[14] 刘保童,朱光明.地震数据正交投影分解方法的研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3) :650～660． Liu B T,Zhu G M.Orthogonal decomposition approach of seismic data and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(3) :654～660．
[15] 刘保童,朱光明.高精度广义KL变换波场分离与去噪[J].地球科学与环境学报,2005,3:59～62． Liu B T,Zhu G M.Wave filed separation and de-noising using generalized high precision KL transform[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment.2005,3 :59～62．
[16] Sergio L M F,Tad J U.Application of singular value decomposition to vertical seismic profiling[J].Geophysics,1988,53(6) :778～785．
[17] Bekara M,Vander B M.Local SVD/ICA for signal enhancement of pre-stack seismic data[J].EAGE 68th Conference & Technical Exhibition,2006．
[18] 高静怀,朱光明,王玉贵.奇异值分解在VSP中的应用[J].西安地质学院学报.1992,14(3) :71～78． Gao J H,Zhu G M,Wang Y G.SVD Application for VSP Data Processing[J].Journal of Xian college of geology,1992,14(3) :71～78．
[19] 徐伯勋,白应甫,白旭滨,等.奇异值分解在垂直地震剖面中的应用[J].石油物探.1993,32(3) :60～72． Xu B X,Bai Y P,Bai X B,et al.SVD Application for VSP Data Processing[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum,1993,32(3) :60～72．
[20] 陈遵德,段天友,朱广生.SVD滤波方法的改进与应用[J].石 油地球物理勘探.1994,29(6) :783～792． Chen Z D,Duan T Y,Zhu G S.Improvement of singular values decomposition filtering and application[J].OGP,1994,29(6) ,783～792．
[21] 陈遵德.基于奇异值分解的倾角扫描叠加[J].江汉石油学院学报.1992,14(1) :45～50． Chen Z D.Dip scan stacking with SVD[J].Journal of college of Jianghan petroleum,1992,14(1) :45～50．
[22] 陆文凯,牟永光.一种改进的SVD滤波器[J].石抽地球物理勘探,1996,31(5) :736～741． Lu W K,Mou Y G.An improved SVD filter[J].OGP,1996,31(5) :736～741．
[23] 李文杰,魏修成,刘洋,等.SVD滤波法在直达波和折射波衰减处理中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(5) :71～73． Li W J,Wei X C,Liu y.Palication of SVD filtering in the processing of decaying direct wave and refracted wave[J].Petroleum exploration and development,2004,31(5) :71～73．
[24] 牛滨华,孙春岩,等.用SVD与MCC结合法压制地震波场的随机噪音[J].现代地质.1999,13(3) :334～338． Niu B H,Sun C Y,et al.Attenuation seismic random noise withSVD and MCC methods[J].Geoscience,13(3) :334～338．
[25] 沈鸿雁,李庆春,等.叠前地震资料SVD波场分离与去噪[C].西安石油大学油气资源学院创建10周年学术研讨会论文集.石油工业出版社,448～453． Shen H Y,Li Q C.Study on SVD wave field decomposition and noise attenuation for pre stack seismic data progressing[C].Symposium on the 10~(th)Anniversary of Funding of Petroleum Resources School from Xi' an Shiyou University.Petroleum Industry Press,2006,448～453．
[26] 徐伯勋,等.地震勘探信息提取、分析和预测[M].北京:地质出版社,2001． Xu B X,et al.Information extracting、analysis and prediction on seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House press,2001．
[27] 沈鸿雁,李庆春.高精度转换波时距曲线“双曲化”处理[J].石油地球物理勘探.2007,42(3) ,2 51～255． Shen H Y,Li Q C.High-precision hyperbolic simplified processing for non-hyperbolic time-distance curve of converted wave[J].OGP,2007,42(3) :251～225
[28] Shen H Y,Li Q C.Seismic wave field separation and noise attenuation in frequency domain via singular value decomposition(SVD)[C],Near-Surface Geophysics and Human Activity,2008,178～181．
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