LNG储罐外墙温度应力分析及预应力筋设计
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摘要
大型LNG储罐的外墙一般由预应力混凝土建造,其应力分布及变形比较复杂。在介绍预应力混凝土外墙温度应力计算方法的基础上,采用理论分析的方法,推导出了圆筒形外墙温度应力的计算公式、外墙在温差荷载及其他普通荷载作用下预应力筋的计算公式以及最大环向应力所在位置计算公式,进而给出了预应力筋结构调整的方案。研究结果表明,内罐的超低温液体会使预应力混凝土外墙产生很大的温度应力,环向温度应力最大可达混凝土抗拉强度的一半,使外墙在受内压时更加危险,因此在环向预应力筋设计时须考虑温差荷载影响。而后采用ADINA有限元软件建立多个钢筋混凝土分离式模型进行数值模拟,不仅验证了所推导公式的正确性,而且证明了该结构优化方案使外墙的变形及应力分布更加合理。
The external wall of large-scale LNG storage tank is mainly built by the prestressed concrete and it has complicated stress distribution and deformation.Based on the introduction to a computing method for the thermal stress of prestressed concrete wall,we deduced computing formulae of the cylindrical wall thermal stress,the prestressed reinforcement of external wall subjected to the temperature difference load and other common loads,and locations of the maximum hoop stress by means of theoretic analyses.Consequently,a optimized scheme for prestessed reinforcement was then given.The results show that the ultra-low temperature liquid in the inner tank will produce a huge thermal stress to the prestressed concrete external wall and the maximum hoop thermal stress can reach up to a half of the tensile strength of concrete,which makes the external wall more dangerous when it is subject to internal pressure.Therefore,the temperature difference load should be considered in the design of the loop prestressed reinforcement.Numerical simulations taken afterwards by applying the automatic dynamic incremental nonlinear analysis(ADINA) finite element software to set up various discrete models of prestessed concrete verified not only the correctness of formulae deduced but also the prestessed reinforcement optimized scheme that makes the stress distribution and deformation of external wall more sound.
The external wall of large-scale LNG storage tank is mainly built by the prestressed concrete and it has complicated stress distribution and deformation.Based on the introduction to a computing method for the thermal stress of prestressed concrete wall,we deduced computing formulae of the cylindrical wall thermal stress,the prestressed reinforcement of external wall subjected to the temperature difference load and other common loads,and locations of the maximum hoop stress by means of theoretic analyses.Consequently,a optimized scheme for prestessed reinforcement was then given.The results show that the ultra-low temperature liquid in the inner tank will produce a huge thermal stress to the prestressed concrete external wall and the maximum hoop thermal stress can reach up to a half of the tensile strength of concrete,which makes the external wall more dangerous when it is subject to internal pressure.Therefore,the temperature difference load should be considered in the design of the loop prestressed reinforcement.Numerical simulations taken afterwards by applying the automatic dynamic incremental nonlinear analysis(ADINA) finite element software to set up various discrete models of prestessed concrete verified not only the correctness of formulae deduced but also the prestessed reinforcement optimized scheme that makes the stress distribution and deformation of external wall more sound.
引文
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[16]帅健,于桂杰.管道及储罐强度设计[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:190-194.Shuai Jian,Yu Guijie.Strength design of pipelines and storage tanks[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:190-194.
[17]王伟玲.大型LNG预应力储罐静力荷载下受力性能研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009.Wang Weiling.Study on behavior of large liquefied natural gas prestressed concrete storage tank under static load[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute,2009.
[18]苏娟,周美珍,余建星,等.泄露工况下大型LNG预应力混凝土储罐低温分析[J].低温工程,2010(4):47-52.Su Juan,Zhou Meizhen,Yu Jianxing,et al.Low temperature a-nalysis of LNG prestressed concrete tank for spill conditions[J].Cryogenics,2010(4):47-52.
[2]卢双舫,王朋岩,付广,等.从天然气富集的主控因素剖析我国主要含气盆地天然气的勘探前景[J].石油学报,2003,24(3):34-37.Lu Shuangfang,Wang Pengyan,Fu Guang,et al.Exploration po-tential analysis of natural gas in the main gas-bearing basins based on factors controlling natural gas enrichment[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2003,24(3):34-37.
[3]张彬.预应力LNG储罐混凝土外墙地震响应分析[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009.Zhang Bin.Analysis on the exteroir walls of the prestressed con-crete LNG storage tank under seismic response[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute,2009.
[4]柳山.液化天然气(LNG)全容储罐结构和性能研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2009.Liu Shan.Study on structure and performance of LNG full con-tainment tank[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Tech-nology,2009.
[5]胡见义,陈英,郑俊章.东北亚天然气资源及其发展趋势[J].石油学报,2003,24(1):1-8.Hu Jianyi,Chen Ying,Zheng Junzhang.Natural gas resources and its development trend in Northeast Asia[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(1):1-8.
[6]Thiagarajan K P,Rakshit D,Repalle N.The air-water sloshing prob-lem:fundamental analysis and parametric studies on excitation and fill levels[J].Ocean Engineering,2011,38(2/3):498-508.
[7]Chardome V,Verhagen B.Development of a procedure for the ul-trasonic examination of9%nickel LNG storage tank welds using phased array technology[J].Insight-Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring,2008,50(9):490-491.
[8]Myung W S,Dongil S,Soo H C,et al.Optimal operation of the boil-off gas compression process using a boil-off rate model for LNG storage tanks[J].Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2008,25(1):7-12.
[9]Amiya K S,Balaram B,Simha S.An investigation of cylindrical wall of reinforced concrete LNG tank subjected to transverse shear due to wind[J].The IUP Journal of Structural Engineer-ing,2011,7(2):33-49.
[10]程旭东,朱兴吉,胡晶晶,等.LNG储罐预应力混凝土外罐应力分布与裂缝形态[J].油气储运,2011,30(10):746-749.Cheng Xudong,Zhu Xingji,Hu Jingjing,et al.Analysis of stress and crack of prestressed concrete wall of large LNG storagetanks[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2011,30(10):746-749.
[11]王润富,陈国荣.温度场和温度应力[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:92-96.Wang Runfu,Chen Guorong.Temperature field and thermal stress[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:92-96.
[12]魏会东,周美珍,颜世忠,等.LNG储罐主容器泄漏时外罐壁的传热特性[J].低温工程,2009(6):57-61.Wei Huidong,Zhou Meizhen,Yan Shizhong,et al.Investigation of heat transfer in outer tank wall during LNG storage tank pri-mary container’s leakage[J].Cryogenics,2009(6):57-61.
[13]Chung Kyun Kim.On the leakage analysis of a full containment tank using a FEM[J].KSTLE International Journal,2006,7(1):45-50.
[14]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:33-34.Yang Shiming,Tao Wenquan.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:33-34.
[15]程旭东,朱兴吉,胡晶晶.大型LNG储罐预应力混凝土外墙应力分析与结构优化[J].油气储运,2011,30(11):819-823.Cheng Xudong,Zhu Xingji,Hu Jingjing.Stress analysis and structure optimization for pre-stressed concrete exterior wall of large-scale LNG storage tank[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Trans-portation,2011,30(11):819-823.
[16]帅健,于桂杰.管道及储罐强度设计[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:190-194.Shuai Jian,Yu Guijie.Strength design of pipelines and storage tanks[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:190-194.
[17]王伟玲.大型LNG预应力储罐静力荷载下受力性能研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009.Wang Weiling.Study on behavior of large liquefied natural gas prestressed concrete storage tank under static load[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute,2009.
[18]苏娟,周美珍,余建星,等.泄露工况下大型LNG预应力混凝土储罐低温分析[J].低温工程,2010(4):47-52.Su Juan,Zhou Meizhen,Yu Jianxing,et al.Low temperature a-nalysis of LNG prestressed concrete tank for spill conditions[J].Cryogenics,2010(4):47-52.
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