地震转换波对叠前同时反演的影响研究
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摘要
叠前同时反演是油气探测的一种有效工具.其理论基础是平面P波Zoeppritz方程计算的反射系数的近似,是入射角的函数.叠前同时反演可以利用三项或两项Fatti方程进行反演分析.本文针对实际油田的测井数据,利用反射率法模拟了仅包含P波一次反射记录,包含P波一次反射和P波层间多次波记录以及全波场地震记录,再利用叠前同时反演对合成地震记录进行反演研究.研究结果表明,在大偏移距处P波主要反射受到其它模式波的污染,从而影响了叠前同时反演结果的精度.对于薄互层介质当转换波影响严重时,使用小角度数据的两项AVO反演比使用大角度数据的三项AVO反演更合理可靠.
Pre-stack simultaneous inversion is an effect tool in oil&gas detection.The theory of the method is based on an approximate plane P-wave reflection coefficient as a function of angle of incidence.Pre-stack simultaneous inversion can be used in a three-term or a two-term Fatti equation.In the paper,for well log data of real oil field,synthetic seismograms are computed by using reflectivity method and then the seismograms are inverted by simultaneous inversion.The studies show that P-wave primary reflection amplitudes are usually contaminated by interference from other wave modes at large offsets that can affect accuracy of the results of simultaneous inversion.For thin interbed layers,when converted wave affect primary reflection severely,a two-term AVO inversion using small angles is expected to be more robust than a three-trem AVO inversion that uses large angles.
Pre-stack simultaneous inversion is an effect tool in oil&gas detection.The theory of the method is based on an approximate plane P-wave reflection coefficient as a function of angle of incidence.Pre-stack simultaneous inversion can be used in a three-term or a two-term Fatti equation.In the paper,for well log data of real oil field,synthetic seismograms are computed by using reflectivity method and then the seismograms are inverted by simultaneous inversion.The studies show that P-wave primary reflection amplitudes are usually contaminated by interference from other wave modes at large offsets that can affect accuracy of the results of simultaneous inversion.For thin interbed layers,when converted wave affect primary reflection severely,a two-term AVO inversion using small angles is expected to be more robust than a three-trem AVO inversion that uses large angles.
引文
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[2]孙树海,牛彦良.薄互层条件下AVO技术的应用.地球物理学报,1991,34(1):99-106.Sun S H,Niu Y L.The application of AVO technique underthe condition of thin interbed series.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),1991,34(1):99-106.
[3]张广娟,胡天跃.地震波AVO与地层岩性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):578-584.Zhang G J,Hu T Y.Seismic wave AVO and formationlithology analysis.OGP,2002,37(6):578-584.
[4]夏红敏,王尚旭,李生杰.含气地层的AVO响应分析.石油物探,2006,45(4):357-361.Xia H M,Wang S X,Li S J.AVO analysis on gas-bearinglayer.GPP,2006,45(4):357-361.
[5]尚永生,杨长春,王真理,等.塔里木盆地卡4区块AVO研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1408-1415.Shang Y S,Yang C C,Wang Z L,et al.AVO research in Ka-4region of Tarim basin.Progress in Goephysics,2007,22(5):1408-1415.
[6]赵明国,王珊,赵腾飞.储层参数对AVO截距-梯度交会图的影响.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):484-488.Zhao M G,Wang S,Zhao T F.Influence of reservoirparameters on AVO Intercept-Gradient Crossplot.Progress inGoephysics,2008,23(2):484-488.
[7]李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,等.多波时移地震AVO反演研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(4):902-908.Li J Y,Chen X H,Hao Z J,et al.A study on multiple time-lapse seismic AVO inversion.Chinese Journal of geophysics,2005,48(4):902-908.
[8]李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.叠前AVA多参数同步反演技术在含气储层预测中的应用.石油物探,2007,46(1):64-68.Li A S,Yin X Y,Zhang F C,et al.Application of prestacksimultaneous AVA multi-parameter inversion in gas-bearingreservoir prediction.GPP,2007,46(1):64-68.
[9]喻岳钰,杨长春,王彦飞,等.叠前弹性阻抗反演及其在含气储层预测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):574-580.Yu Y Y,Yang C C,Wang Y F,et al.Application of pre-stackseismic elastic impedance inversion to gas reservoir.Progressin Geophysics,2009,24(2):574-580.
[10]张卫卫,何敏,颜承志,等.AVO叠前反演技术在珠江口盆地白云深水区烃类检测中的应用.中国海上油气,2010,22(3):160-163.Zhang W W,He M,Yan C Z,et al.An application of AVOpre-stack inversion technique to DHI in Baiyun deep-waterarea,Pearl River Mouth basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas,2010,22(3):160-163.
[11]郎晓玲,彭仕宓,康洪全,等.叠前同时反演方法在流体识别中的应用.石油物探,2010,49(2):164-169.Lang X L,Peng S M,Kang H Q,et al.Application ofprestack simultaneous inversion in fluid identification.GPP,2010,49(2):164-169.
[12]周义军,蒲仁海,曾令帮.叠前储层描述技术在岩性气藏勘探中的研究与应用.地球物理学进展,2011,26(1):229-234.Zhou Y J,Pu R H,Zeng L B.Application research onprestack seismic reservoir characterization.Progress inGeophysics,2011,26(1):229-234.
[13]刘涛,方中于,但志伟,等.叠前同步反演在涠西南凹陷储层预测中的应用.石油天然气学报,2011,33(9):77-81.Liu T,Fang Z Y,Dan Z W,et al.Application of prestacksimultaneous inversion of reservoir prediction in Weixinandepression.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(9):77-81.
[14]Wang Y H.Approximation to the Zoeppritz equations andtheir use in AVO analysis.Geophysics,1999,64(6):1920-1927.
[15]Connolly P.Elastic impedance.The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
[16]刘洋,张家树,胡光岷,贺振华.叠前三参数非高斯反演方法研究。地球物理学报,2012,55(1):269-276,DOI:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.026.LIU Yang,ZHANG Jia-Shu,HU Guang-Min,HE Zhen-Hua.Study of three-term non-Gaussian pre-stack inversionmethod.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(1):269-276,DOI:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.026
[17]Whitcombe D N,Connoly P,Reagan R L,et al.Extendedelastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction.Geophysics,2002,67(1):63-67.
[18]Buland A,More H.Bayesian linearized AVO inversion.Geophysics,2003,68(1):185-198.
[19]Simmons J L,Backus M M.Waveform-based AVO inversionand AVO prediction-error.Geophysics,1996,61(6):1575-1588.
[20]Hampson D P,Russell B H,Bankhead B.Simultaneousinversion of pre-stack seismic data:75th annual internationalmeeting[C].SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2005:1633-1637.
[21]陈建江,印兴耀,张广智.基于贝叶斯理论的振幅随偏移距变化三参数同步反演.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(3):33-38.Chen J J,Yin X Y,Zhang G Z.Simultaneous three-termAVO inversion based on Bayesian theorem.Journal of ChinaUniversity of Petroleum,2007,31(3):33-38.
[22]Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P G,et al.Detection of gas insandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic casehistory using the Geostack technique.Geophysics,1994,59(9):1362-1376.
[23]Castagna J P,Batzle M L,Eastwood R L.Relationshipsbetween compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities inelastic silicate rocks.Geophysics,1985,50(4):571-581.
[24]Gardner G H F,Gardner L W,Gregory A R.Formationvelocity and density-The diagnostic basics for stratigragphictraps.Geophysics,1974,39(6):770-780.
[25]寻浩,董敏煜,牟永光.各向异性介质中反射率法波场模拟及体波辐射图案.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(5):605-614.Xun H,Dong M Y,Mou Y G.Wave field simulation usingreflectivity method and body-wave radiation patterns inanisotropic media.OGP,1997,32(5):605-614.
[2]孙树海,牛彦良.薄互层条件下AVO技术的应用.地球物理学报,1991,34(1):99-106.Sun S H,Niu Y L.The application of AVO technique underthe condition of thin interbed series.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),1991,34(1):99-106.
[3]张广娟,胡天跃.地震波AVO与地层岩性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):578-584.Zhang G J,Hu T Y.Seismic wave AVO and formationlithology analysis.OGP,2002,37(6):578-584.
[4]夏红敏,王尚旭,李生杰.含气地层的AVO响应分析.石油物探,2006,45(4):357-361.Xia H M,Wang S X,Li S J.AVO analysis on gas-bearinglayer.GPP,2006,45(4):357-361.
[5]尚永生,杨长春,王真理,等.塔里木盆地卡4区块AVO研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1408-1415.Shang Y S,Yang C C,Wang Z L,et al.AVO research in Ka-4region of Tarim basin.Progress in Goephysics,2007,22(5):1408-1415.
[6]赵明国,王珊,赵腾飞.储层参数对AVO截距-梯度交会图的影响.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):484-488.Zhao M G,Wang S,Zhao T F.Influence of reservoirparameters on AVO Intercept-Gradient Crossplot.Progress inGoephysics,2008,23(2):484-488.
[7]李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,等.多波时移地震AVO反演研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(4):902-908.Li J Y,Chen X H,Hao Z J,et al.A study on multiple time-lapse seismic AVO inversion.Chinese Journal of geophysics,2005,48(4):902-908.
[8]李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.叠前AVA多参数同步反演技术在含气储层预测中的应用.石油物探,2007,46(1):64-68.Li A S,Yin X Y,Zhang F C,et al.Application of prestacksimultaneous AVA multi-parameter inversion in gas-bearingreservoir prediction.GPP,2007,46(1):64-68.
[9]喻岳钰,杨长春,王彦飞,等.叠前弹性阻抗反演及其在含气储层预测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):574-580.Yu Y Y,Yang C C,Wang Y F,et al.Application of pre-stackseismic elastic impedance inversion to gas reservoir.Progressin Geophysics,2009,24(2):574-580.
[10]张卫卫,何敏,颜承志,等.AVO叠前反演技术在珠江口盆地白云深水区烃类检测中的应用.中国海上油气,2010,22(3):160-163.Zhang W W,He M,Yan C Z,et al.An application of AVOpre-stack inversion technique to DHI in Baiyun deep-waterarea,Pearl River Mouth basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas,2010,22(3):160-163.
[11]郎晓玲,彭仕宓,康洪全,等.叠前同时反演方法在流体识别中的应用.石油物探,2010,49(2):164-169.Lang X L,Peng S M,Kang H Q,et al.Application ofprestack simultaneous inversion in fluid identification.GPP,2010,49(2):164-169.
[12]周义军,蒲仁海,曾令帮.叠前储层描述技术在岩性气藏勘探中的研究与应用.地球物理学进展,2011,26(1):229-234.Zhou Y J,Pu R H,Zeng L B.Application research onprestack seismic reservoir characterization.Progress inGeophysics,2011,26(1):229-234.
[13]刘涛,方中于,但志伟,等.叠前同步反演在涠西南凹陷储层预测中的应用.石油天然气学报,2011,33(9):77-81.Liu T,Fang Z Y,Dan Z W,et al.Application of prestacksimultaneous inversion of reservoir prediction in Weixinandepression.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(9):77-81.
[14]Wang Y H.Approximation to the Zoeppritz equations andtheir use in AVO analysis.Geophysics,1999,64(6):1920-1927.
[15]Connolly P.Elastic impedance.The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
[16]刘洋,张家树,胡光岷,贺振华.叠前三参数非高斯反演方法研究。地球物理学报,2012,55(1):269-276,DOI:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.026.LIU Yang,ZHANG Jia-Shu,HU Guang-Min,HE Zhen-Hua.Study of three-term non-Gaussian pre-stack inversionmethod.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(1):269-276,DOI:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.026
[17]Whitcombe D N,Connoly P,Reagan R L,et al.Extendedelastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction.Geophysics,2002,67(1):63-67.
[18]Buland A,More H.Bayesian linearized AVO inversion.Geophysics,2003,68(1):185-198.
[19]Simmons J L,Backus M M.Waveform-based AVO inversionand AVO prediction-error.Geophysics,1996,61(6):1575-1588.
[20]Hampson D P,Russell B H,Bankhead B.Simultaneousinversion of pre-stack seismic data:75th annual internationalmeeting[C].SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2005:1633-1637.
[21]陈建江,印兴耀,张广智.基于贝叶斯理论的振幅随偏移距变化三参数同步反演.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(3):33-38.Chen J J,Yin X Y,Zhang G Z.Simultaneous three-termAVO inversion based on Bayesian theorem.Journal of ChinaUniversity of Petroleum,2007,31(3):33-38.
[22]Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P G,et al.Detection of gas insandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic casehistory using the Geostack technique.Geophysics,1994,59(9):1362-1376.
[23]Castagna J P,Batzle M L,Eastwood R L.Relationshipsbetween compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities inelastic silicate rocks.Geophysics,1985,50(4):571-581.
[24]Gardner G H F,Gardner L W,Gregory A R.Formationvelocity and density-The diagnostic basics for stratigragphictraps.Geophysics,1974,39(6):770-780.
[25]寻浩,董敏煜,牟永光.各向异性介质中反射率法波场模拟及体波辐射图案.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(5):605-614.Xun H,Dong M Y,Mou Y G.Wave field simulation usingreflectivity method and body-wave radiation patterns inanisotropic media.OGP,1997,32(5):605-614.
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