应县木塔抗震性能研究
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摘要
利用数值模拟方法研究应县木塔的动力特性及其抗震性能。首先从斗拱连接的实际构造出发,建立反映接触传力机制的斗拱节点域计算模型,研究其自身的动力特性,并利用动力特性等效方法将斗拱节点域简化为刚接简化模型和铰接简化模型。然后用简化节点域模型代替实际斗拱节点域建立木塔整体刚接和铰接有限元模型,并对这两个计算模型开展动力特性分析、弹性反应谱分析和时程分析。最后根据计算结果和相关研究成果对其地震作用下的性能进行评估。结果表明:木塔实测振型和计算振型基本相似,实测前4阶振型周期介于刚接计算模型与铰接计算模型之间;木塔二层明层是木塔的薄弱层;木塔在7度(0.15g)多遇地震作用下将产生严重损坏,二层明层位移角接近木塔倒塌的限值,在设防地震作用下有倒塌的可能。
The dynamic characteristics and seismic behaviors of Yingxian Wooden Pagoda was studied by numerical simulation method.Firstly,the dynamic characteristics of the typical buckets was studied using the FEM model considering the contact effect between the elements of the corresponding buckets,in which the complicated bucket was simplified as two kinds of computational models(one called equivalent frame model or another equivalent hinged model) by dynamic characteristic equivalent method.Secondly,two kinds of equivalent computation models of the Wooden Pagoda are established with equivalent frame model or equivalent hinged model replacing the corresponding buckets of the Wooden Pagoda.Based on the two models,the dynamic characteristics analysis,the elastic spectrum analysis and time-history analysis were carried out.Lastly,the seismic behaviors of the Wooden Pagoda was evaluated according to the computational results and related data.The results show that: ① the vibration modes from the computational models are close to those from the test on site and the periods of the first four vibration modes from the test is between those from the two computational models;② the second floor is the weak position of wooden pagoda under earthquake;③ the wooden pagoda would be damaged seriously under 7 degree(0.15g) seismic action,and its corresponding displacement angle of second floor is close to the collapse critical value of wooden pagoda;④ the Wooden Pagoda is likely to collapse under earthquake with its seismic fortification intensity.
The dynamic characteristics and seismic behaviors of Yingxian Wooden Pagoda was studied by numerical simulation method.Firstly,the dynamic characteristics of the typical buckets was studied using the FEM model considering the contact effect between the elements of the corresponding buckets,in which the complicated bucket was simplified as two kinds of computational models(one called equivalent frame model or another equivalent hinged model) by dynamic characteristic equivalent method.Secondly,two kinds of equivalent computation models of the Wooden Pagoda are established with equivalent frame model or equivalent hinged model replacing the corresponding buckets of the Wooden Pagoda.Based on the two models,the dynamic characteristics analysis,the elastic spectrum analysis and time-history analysis were carried out.Lastly,the seismic behaviors of the Wooden Pagoda was evaluated according to the computational results and related data.The results show that: ① the vibration modes from the computational models are close to those from the test on site and the periods of the first four vibration modes from the test is between those from the two computational models;② the second floor is the weak position of wooden pagoda under earthquake;③ the wooden pagoda would be damaged seriously under 7 degree(0.15g) seismic action,and its corresponding displacement angle of second floor is close to the collapse critical value of wooden pagoda;④ the Wooden Pagoda is likely to collapse under earthquake with its seismic fortification intensity.
引文
[1]陈明达,应县木塔[M].北京:文物出版社,1966
[2]李海旺,薛飞,秦冬祺.木结构斗拱的动力特性分析和应用[C]//第六届全国现代结构工程学术研讨会论文集.天津:天津大学,2006:1655-1660
[3]太原工学院,山西省文物局.应县木塔木材取样试验报告[R].太原:太原理工大学建工学院,1979
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[6]GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001(GB 50011—2001 Code forseismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2001(in Chinese))
[7]李世温,王晋生.应县木塔抗震性能研究[R.]太原:太原工业大学,1996(Li Shiwen,Wang Jinsheng.Anti-seismic study of Yingxian wooden tower[R.]Taiyuan:Taiyuan Engineering University,1996(in Chinese))
[8]薛飞.应县木塔抗震性能及其与抗震修缮两用钢塔架的协同工作研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2006
[9]李铁英,魏剑伟,李世温,等.高层古建筑木结构—应县木塔现状结构评价[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(2):51-58(Li Tieying,Wei Jianwei,Li Shiwen,et al.Appraisalof the structure of the Yingxian wooden tower[J.]ChinaCivil Engineering Journal,2005,38(2):51-58(inChinese))
[10]李铁英,魏剑伟,李世温,等.木结构双参数地震损坏准则及应县木塔地震反应评价[J.]建筑结构学报,2004,25(2):91-98(Li Tieying,Wei Jianwei,Li Shiwen,et al.Double-parameters seismic damage criterion onwooden structure and seismic reaction appraisement ofYingxian wooden tower[J.]Journal of BuildingStructures,2004,25(2):91-98(in Chinese))
[2]李海旺,薛飞,秦冬祺.木结构斗拱的动力特性分析和应用[C]//第六届全国现代结构工程学术研讨会论文集.天津:天津大学,2006:1655-1660
[3]太原工学院,山西省文物局.应县木塔木材取样试验报告[R].太原:太原理工大学建工学院,1979
[4]木结构设计手册编辑委员会.木结构设计手册[M.]第3版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[5]李铁英,魏剑伟,张善元,等.应县木塔实体结构的动态特性试验与分析[J.]工程力学,2005,22(1):141-146(LiTieying,Wei Jianwei,Zhang Shanyuan,et al.Experimentand analysis of vibration characteristiscs of Yingxianwooden tower[J.]Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(1):141-146(in Chinese))
[6]GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001(GB 50011—2001 Code forseismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2001(in Chinese))
[7]李世温,王晋生.应县木塔抗震性能研究[R.]太原:太原工业大学,1996(Li Shiwen,Wang Jinsheng.Anti-seismic study of Yingxian wooden tower[R.]Taiyuan:Taiyuan Engineering University,1996(in Chinese))
[8]薛飞.应县木塔抗震性能及其与抗震修缮两用钢塔架的协同工作研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2006
[9]李铁英,魏剑伟,李世温,等.高层古建筑木结构—应县木塔现状结构评价[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(2):51-58(Li Tieying,Wei Jianwei,Li Shiwen,et al.Appraisalof the structure of the Yingxian wooden tower[J.]ChinaCivil Engineering Journal,2005,38(2):51-58(inChinese))
[10]李铁英,魏剑伟,李世温,等.木结构双参数地震损坏准则及应县木塔地震反应评价[J.]建筑结构学报,2004,25(2):91-98(Li Tieying,Wei Jianwei,Li Shiwen,et al.Double-parameters seismic damage criterion onwooden structure and seismic reaction appraisement ofYingxian wooden tower[J.]Journal of BuildingStructures,2004,25(2):91-98(in Chinese))
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