超高心墙堆石坝大型振动台模型试验及数值模拟
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摘要
我国西南强震区兴建高坝抗震问题非常突出。振动台模型试验是研究土石坝动力反应和震害机理、验证动力计算方法的有效手段。论文以300m级的双江口超高心墙堆石坝为依托,介绍了大型振动台模型试验,并利用等效线性模型对模型坝进行了数值计算。通过对试验值和计算值的比较,验证了等效线性模型能较好的模拟坝体的动力反应。两种方法均反映出坝体最危险位置在下游坝坡0.75～0.85H处,且空库比满库的地震反应明显偏大。但是,有限元难以准确模拟松散边坡的表面放大效应,可能导致计算结果偏小;且等效线性方法属于非线性粘弹性模型,不能反映先期振动和坝体破坏过程。
Anti-seismic design for high dam construction in southwest China is a crucial issue.Shaking table test is an effective tool in studies of dynamic response and earthquake damage mechanism and also for verification of dynamic analysis methods.This paper presents the design and measurements of shaking table tests for the Shuangjiangkou super-high core rock-fill dam and an equivalent linear method for simulation of the model dam's dynamic response with a comparison of the measured and simulated data.Results of both methods show the most dangerous position on the dam's downstream surface of 0.75~0.85H and the dam's weaker dynamic responses in the full storage case,while FEM that is not accurate enough to simulate large deformation on incompact slope,produces lower values than the measurements.As a non-linear visco-elastic model,the equivalent linear method can not simulate pre-vibration case or failure process of a dam.
Anti-seismic design for high dam construction in southwest China is a crucial issue.Shaking table test is an effective tool in studies of dynamic response and earthquake damage mechanism and also for verification of dynamic analysis methods.This paper presents the design and measurements of shaking table tests for the Shuangjiangkou super-high core rock-fill dam and an equivalent linear method for simulation of the model dam's dynamic response with a comparison of the measured and simulated data.Results of both methods show the most dangerous position on the dam's downstream surface of 0.75~0.85H and the dam's weaker dynamic responses in the full storage case,while FEM that is not accurate enough to simulate large deformation on incompact slope,produces lower values than the measurements.As a non-linear visco-elastic model,the equivalent linear method can not simulate pre-vibration case or failure process of a dam.
引文
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[3]赵剑明,汪闻韶,常亚屏,等.高面板坝三维真非线性地震反应分析方法及模型试验验证[J].水利学报,2003(9).12～18.ZHAO Jianming,WANG Wenshao,CHANG Yaping,et al.3-D authentic nonlinear method for dynamic analysis of high CFRD[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003(9):12～18.(in Chinese)
[4]窦兴旺,林义兴,夏颂佑,等.深覆盖层上高堆石坝振动台试验与动力数值分析验证研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2000,20(6):19～22.DOU Xingwang,LIN Yixing,XIA Songyou,et al.Shaking table test and dynamic numerical analysis of high rockfill dams constructedon deep overburdens[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2000,20(6):19～22.(in Chinese)
[5]刘启旺,刘小生,陈宁,等.双江口心墙堆石坝振动台模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2009,28(5):114～120.LIU Qiwang,LIU xiaosheng,CHEN Ning,et al.Shaking table model tests of Shuangjiangkou core rock-fill dam[J].Journal ofHydraulic Engineering,2009,28(5):114～120.(in Chinese)
[6]Seed HB,Idriss IM,Lee KL,etc.Dynamic analysis of the slide in the Low San Fernando Dam during the earthquake of February9,1971[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE.1975(101):889～911.
[7]沈珠江,徐刚.堆石料的动力变形特性[J].水利水运科学研究,1996,(2):143～150.SHEN Zhujiang,XU Gang.Deformation behavior of rock materials under cyclic loading[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering.1996,(2):143～150.(in Chinese)
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