直流输电线路对地磁场观测的影响
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摘要
随着特高压直流输电工程的建设,直流输电线路对地磁台站地磁观测的影响是目前迫切需要解决的问题。基于地磁观测仪器的工作原理,分析了直流线路影响地磁观测的原因,认为直流线路上承载电流产生的磁场附加到仪器观测的空间磁场导致了对地磁观测的干扰。根据线路电流流动方向、线路和地磁台站的相对位置,研究了直流线路影响地磁观测的特点。建立了无限大均匀土壤和分层土壤情况下的入地电流磁场计算模型和极导线电流磁场模型,计算了不同距离点处的磁场幅值。分析结果表明,直流线路主要影响地磁Z分量的观测,具体影响幅度和线路不平衡电流大小有关。在计直流线路对地磁观测的干扰时,可不考虑大地土壤情况以及入地电流在大地内的传播情况。
The influence of DC transmission lines on the geomagnetic observation is the urgent problem.Based on the principle of geomagnetic observation instrument,the influence is analyzed,and it is believed that the magnetic field of current on DC transmission line which is attached to the observed magnetic field of geomagnetic observation instrument is the main reason.According to the direction of current on DC transmission line and the relative position between geomagnetic station and transmission line,the influence characteristic is researched.A calculation model for magnetic field of current on polar conductor and a model for ground current in infinite homogeneous soil and in layer soil around earth electrode field are established.Calculated results of the magnetic field strength at different distance from earth electrode and polar conductor show that main influence of DC transmission line on geomagneic observation is its influence on Z component of geomagnetic,and the influential degree is related with imbalance current of DC transmission line.During the calculation of the influence,the soil conditions and the ground current could be ignored.
The influence of DC transmission lines on the geomagnetic observation is the urgent problem.Based on the principle of geomagnetic observation instrument,the influence is analyzed,and it is believed that the magnetic field of current on DC transmission line which is attached to the observed magnetic field of geomagnetic observation instrument is the main reason.According to the direction of current on DC transmission line and the relative position between geomagnetic station and transmission line,the influence characteristic is researched.A calculation model for magnetic field of current on polar conductor and a model for ground current in infinite homogeneous soil and in layer soil around earth electrode field are established.Calculated results of the magnetic field strength at different distance from earth electrode and polar conductor show that main influence of DC transmission line on geomagneic observation is its influence on Z component of geomagnetic,and the influential degree is related with imbalance current of DC transmission line.During the calculation of the influence,the soil conditions and the ground current could be ignored.
引文
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[15]沈红会,周加新,张秀霞,等.直流输电对江苏地磁观测的影响分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2005,26(5):65-70.SHEN Hong-hui,ZHOUJia-xin,ZHANG Xiu-xia,et al.Theinfluence analysis of direct current transmit electricity to geo-magnetic observation[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Ob-servation and Research,2005,26(5):65-70.
[16]沈红会,张秀霞,冯志生,等.减小直流输电对地磁观测影响的几种方法[J].中国地震,2005,21(4):530-535.SHEN Hong-hui,ZHANG Xiu-xia,FENG Zhi-sheng,et al.The countermeasures to the influence of direct current trans-mitting to geomagnetic observation[J].Earthquake Researchin China,2005,21(4):530-535.
[17]郝长安,赵伦,倪友忠,等.葛洲坝-南桥直流输电线路对地磁台的影响[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2008,29(5):9-15.HAO Chang-an,ZHAO Lun,NI You-zhong,et al.Theinflu-ence of Gezhouba-Nanqiao’s direct current transmission line togeomagnetic observatory[J].Seismological and GeomagneticObservation and Research,2008,29(5):9-15.
[18]GB/T 19531.2—2004地震台站观测环境技术要求,第2部分:电磁观测[S],2004.GB/T19531.2—2004 Technical requirement for the observa-tional environment of seismic stations,part 2:electromagneticobservation[S],2004.
[19]Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid,Geri Gopir1,Mahamod Ismail,et al.The hurst exponents of the geomagnetic horizontal com-ponent during quiet and active periods[C]∥International Con-ference on Space Science and Communication.Negeri Sembi-lan,Malaysia:[s.n.],2009:186-190.
[20]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,2006.HU Yu-xian.Earthquake engineering[M].Beijing,China:Earthquake Press,2006.
[21]中国地震局监测预报司.地震电磁数字观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2002..Monitoring and Prediction Depart ment of China EarthquakeAdministration.Digital observation technology of seismic elec-tromagnetic[M].Beijing,China:Earthquake Press,2002.
[22]赵畹君.高压直流输电工程技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.ZHAO Wan-jun.Technology of HVDCtransmission engineer-ing[M].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2008.
[23]The Energy Standards Resources Center.Coordinate conver-sions and transformationsincludingformulas,part 2:formulasfor coordinate operations other than map projections[OL].ht-tp://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/f m/6-2/appe2.ht mJ HJtabe_22,2004,2010-08-09.
[24]胡伟凡,杨恢先,于洪,等.基于高斯投影的经纬度距离参数修正方法[J].计算机工程,2010,36(2):244-246.HU Wei-fan,YANG Hui-xian,YU Hong,et al.Latitude andlongitude distance parameter correction method based on gaussprojection[J].Computer Engineering,2010,36(2):244-246.
[2]Risto Pirjola.Geomagneticallyinduced currents during magneticstorms[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2000,28(6):1867-1873.
[3]Albertson V D,Thorson J M,Claylon R E,et al.Solar inducedcurrents in power system:cause and effects[J].IEEE Transac-tions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1973,92(2):471-477.
[4]John G Kappenman.Storm sudden commencement events andassociated geomagnetically induced current risks to ground-based systems at low-latitude and midlatitude locations[J].Space Weather,2003,1(3):1016-102.
[5]Radasky WA,Kappenman J G.I mpacts of geomagnetic stormson EHVand UHVpower grids[C]∥2010 Asia-Pacific Interna-tional Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility.Beijing,China:[s.n.],2010:695-698.
[6]Trichtchenko L,Boteler D H.Effects of recent geomagneticstorms on power systems[C]∥7thInternational SymposiumonElectromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Ecology.Saint-Petersburg,Russia:[s.n.].2007:265-268.
[7]Trichtchenko L,Boteler D H.Response of power systems tothe temporal characteristics of geomagnetic storms[C]∥2006Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering.Ottawa,Canada:[s.n.],2006:390-393.
[8]Radasky W,Kappenman J,Gilbert J.An overviewof the devel-opment and validation of large power grid models for geomag-netic storms[C]∥4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmen-tal Electromagnetics.Dalian,China:[s.n.],2006:25-28.
[9]能源部电力科学研究院.关于500 kV线路环境影响的试验研究(电力线路对地震(磁)台站影响的试验研究)[R].北京:能源部电力科学研究院,1989.Electric Power Research Institute of Energy Depart ment.Ex-peri mental research of environmental i mpact from500 kVpowerline(experi mental research on seismic station frompower lines)[R].Electric Power Research Institute of Energy Depart ment,1989.
[10]哈辉,邱鹏程,辛长江,等.格尔木地磁台观测环境测试与分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2003,24(5):76-81.HA Hui,QI U Peng-cheng,XI N Chang-jiang,et al.Environ-mental test and analysis on geomagnetic observationin GeermuStation[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation andResearch,2003,24(5):76-81.
[11]齐磊,崔翔,吴燕.交流输电线路对地震观测台站的最小距离研究[J].高电压技术,2010,36(3):649-656.QI Lei,CUI Xiang,WU Yan.Mini mumdistance between ACtransmission line and seismic observation station[J].HighVoltage Engineering,2010,36(3):649-656.
[12]钱家栋,沈红会,刘广宽,等.南京台地电地磁同场观测的实验研究[J].地震,1998,18(1):109-114.QI AN Jia-dong,SHEN Hong-hui,LI U Guang-kuan,et al.Experi ment research on synthetic observation of apparent resis-tivity and geomagnetismat Nanjing Seismic Station[J].Earth-quake,1998,18(1):109-114.
[13]曹爱民,钱家栋.地电地磁同台观测的研究[J].地震,1998,18(增刊1):103-108.CAO Ai-min,QI ANJia-dong.Study on the synthetic observa-tion of apparent resistivity and geomagnetism[J].Earthquake,1998,18(Supplement 1):103-108.
[14]周加新,王海云,刘广宽.南京、新沂地震台地电地磁同场观测对地磁干扰的改善[J].地震学刊,1999(2):23-29.ZHOUJia-xin,WANG Hai-yun,LI U Guang-kuan.I mprove-ment for geomagnetic disturbance with co-field observation forgeoelectricity and geomagnetismin Nanjing and Xinyi Seismo-logical Stations[J].Journal of Seismology,1999(2):23-29.
[15]沈红会,周加新,张秀霞,等.直流输电对江苏地磁观测的影响分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2005,26(5):65-70.SHEN Hong-hui,ZHOUJia-xin,ZHANG Xiu-xia,et al.Theinfluence analysis of direct current transmit electricity to geo-magnetic observation[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Ob-servation and Research,2005,26(5):65-70.
[16]沈红会,张秀霞,冯志生,等.减小直流输电对地磁观测影响的几种方法[J].中国地震,2005,21(4):530-535.SHEN Hong-hui,ZHANG Xiu-xia,FENG Zhi-sheng,et al.The countermeasures to the influence of direct current trans-mitting to geomagnetic observation[J].Earthquake Researchin China,2005,21(4):530-535.
[17]郝长安,赵伦,倪友忠,等.葛洲坝-南桥直流输电线路对地磁台的影响[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2008,29(5):9-15.HAO Chang-an,ZHAO Lun,NI You-zhong,et al.Theinflu-ence of Gezhouba-Nanqiao’s direct current transmission line togeomagnetic observatory[J].Seismological and GeomagneticObservation and Research,2008,29(5):9-15.
[18]GB/T 19531.2—2004地震台站观测环境技术要求,第2部分:电磁观测[S],2004.GB/T19531.2—2004 Technical requirement for the observa-tional environment of seismic stations,part 2:electromagneticobservation[S],2004.
[19]Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid,Geri Gopir1,Mahamod Ismail,et al.The hurst exponents of the geomagnetic horizontal com-ponent during quiet and active periods[C]∥International Con-ference on Space Science and Communication.Negeri Sembi-lan,Malaysia:[s.n.],2009:186-190.
[20]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,2006.HU Yu-xian.Earthquake engineering[M].Beijing,China:Earthquake Press,2006.
[21]中国地震局监测预报司.地震电磁数字观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2002..Monitoring and Prediction Depart ment of China EarthquakeAdministration.Digital observation technology of seismic elec-tromagnetic[M].Beijing,China:Earthquake Press,2002.
[22]赵畹君.高压直流输电工程技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.ZHAO Wan-jun.Technology of HVDCtransmission engineer-ing[M].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2008.
[23]The Energy Standards Resources Center.Coordinate conver-sions and transformationsincludingformulas,part 2:formulasfor coordinate operations other than map projections[OL].ht-tp://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/f m/6-2/appe2.ht mJ HJtabe_22,2004,2010-08-09.
[24]胡伟凡,杨恢先,于洪,等.基于高斯投影的经纬度距离参数修正方法[J].计算机工程,2010,36(2):244-246.HU Wei-fan,YANG Hui-xian,YU Hong,et al.Latitude andlongitude distance parameter correction method based on gaussprojection[J].Computer Engineering,2010,36(2):244-246.
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