开合屋盖结构设计荷载取值研究
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摘要
开合屋盖是一种较为新颖的结构形式,国内外尚无相应的结构设计规范。在国内外开合屋盖结构工程经验与相关研究成果的基础上,并结合工程实践,对开合屋盖结构设计荷载取值方法进行了较为全面的论述。开合屋盖结构需要对全开、全闭及运行过程状态分别进行计算分析,且应考虑出现故障时活动屋盖可能处于非对称状态等不利位置。积雪荷载对结构设计的合理性与活动屋盖的运行均有很大影响。当屋盖处于全开状态时,屋顶洞口周围的脉动风压将显著增大。提出了确定结构设计温差的计算方法,并分析了温度对驱动控制系统可能产生的不利影响。引入了有效使用年限的概念,对活动屋盖处于非基本开合状态与运行状态的地震作用可进行适当折减。应注意台车驱动系统的转向轮、端止缓冲器等对固定屋盖的集中反力作用。
Retractable roof is a kind of relatively novelty structure form,and there are no corresponding structure design codes at home and abroad.Based on the project experience of retractable roof structures and related research results up to now,and combined with the engineering practice,the loading evaluation method for retractable roof structure design was comprehensively discussed.The structure of retractable roof in fully opened state,fully closed state and opening/closing process should be analyzed respectively,and the condition that movable roof may be in asymmetric etc unfavorable positions when the fault happens should be taken into account.Snow load has a significant effect on the rationality of structure design and the operation of movable roof.When the roof is in fully open state,pulsation wind pressure around the roof opening will significantly increase.The method of determining the structure design temperature difference was presented,and the potentially unfavorable effect on driving & controlling system by temperature action was studied.The concept of equivalent working age was introduced,and the seismic load of movable roof in non-basic state and opening/closing process can be discounted properly.The reacting forces of steering wheel,end stop devices etc in trolley-drive system on the fixed roof should be noticed.
Retractable roof is a kind of relatively novelty structure form,and there are no corresponding structure design codes at home and abroad.Based on the project experience of retractable roof structures and related research results up to now,and combined with the engineering practice,the loading evaluation method for retractable roof structure design was comprehensively discussed.The structure of retractable roof in fully opened state,fully closed state and opening/closing process should be analyzed respectively,and the condition that movable roof may be in asymmetric etc unfavorable positions when the fault happens should be taken into account.Snow load has a significant effect on the rationality of structure design and the operation of movable roof.When the roof is in fully open state,pulsation wind pressure around the roof opening will significantly increase.The method of determining the structure design temperature difference was presented,and the potentially unfavorable effect on driving & controlling system by temperature action was studied.The concept of equivalent working age was introduced,and the seismic load of movable roof in non-basic state and opening/closing process can be discounted properly.The reacting forces of steering wheel,end stop devices etc in trolley-drive system on the fixed roof should be noticed.
引文
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[2]范重,赵长军,李丽,等.国内外开合屋盖的应用现状与实践[J].施工技术,2010,39(8):1-7.
[3]DOUGLAS G ASHCRAFT.Enron field hits a home run[J].Modern Steel Construction,2000,40(10):24-31.
[4]KNUT GOPPERT,MICHAEL STEIN.A spoked wheelstructure for the world’s largest convertible roof-The NewCommerzbank Arena in Frankfurt,Germany[J].Structural Engineering International,2007,17(4):282-287.
[5]JOHN R ANIOL,JOSEPH DOWD,DAVID PLATEN.New Dallas Cowboys Stadium:Longest single-span roofstructure in the world[C]//Proceedings of the 2009Structures Congress,ASCE,2009:2418-2426.
[6]日本建築学会.開閉式屋根構造設計指针.同解说及B设计资料集[S].1993.
[7]KAZUO ISHII.Structural design of retractable roofstructures[M].WIT Press,2000.
[8]刘锡良.现代空间结构[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2003.
[9]范重,彭翼,胡纯炀,等.开合屋盖结构设计关键技术研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(6):132-144.
[10]RIBERICH BARTON L.Retractable stadium roofs andflooring[J].Interface,2009(1):12-21.
[11]GB50009—2001建筑结构荷载规范[S].2006年版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[12]李寿科,李寿英,陈政清.开合屋盖体育场风荷载特性试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(10):17-23.
[13]李波,杨庆山,田玉基,等.国家网球中心新馆可开启屋盖风荷载特性[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(IS):112-118.
[14]田玉基,杨庆山,范重,等.国家体育场大跨度屋盖结构风振系数研究[J].建筑结构学报,2007,28(2):26-31,40.
[15]范重,王喆,唐杰,等.国家体育场大跨度钢结构温度场分析与合拢温度研究[J].建筑结构学报,2007,28(2):32-40.
[16]AITM2-0018.Airbus industrie test method solarabsorption of paints[R].Airbus Industrie,1998.
[17]罗森诺W M.传热学基础手册(上)[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[18]GBJ19—87采暖通风与空气调节设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2001.
[19]建筑结构荷载规范编制组.建筑结构荷载规范GBJ50009—201x(报批稿)[S].2011.
[20]秦乃兵,吴金志,张毅刚.大跨度开合网格结构的动力相互作用分析[J].工程建设与设计,2005(12):45-46.
[21]陈以一,张大照,薛伟辰,等.承载开闭钢屋盖的预应力混凝土看台结构抗震性能研究[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(8):22-28.
[22]GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[23]郭昌生,吴开成.开合屋盖结构动力特征及抗震性能分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(3):124-127.
[24]张凤文,刘锡良.开合屋盖结构的发展及开合机理研究[J].钢结构,2001,16(4):l-6.
[25]周锡元,曾德民,高晓安.估计不同服役期结构的抗震设防水准的简单方法[J].建筑结构,2002,32(1):37-40,72.
[26]毋剑平,白雪霜,孙建华.不同设计使用年限下地震作用的确定方法[J].工程抗震,2003,2(6):36-39.
[27]WNUK V P.Monitoring system proves rooftop safe afterSeattle earthquake[J].Experimental Techniques,2001,25(3):21-25.
[28]SEATTLE,WASHINGTON.Safeco field[J].ModernSteel Construction,2000,3.
[29]K.MOGAMI,et al.The ohita dome and retractablestructure in Japan[C]//SECWC’98,SanFrancisco,USA,1998.
[30]TANNO YOSHIO,SASAK,YUKIO,NAKAI,MASAYOSHI.Fukuoka Dome,Japan[J].StructuralEngineering International,1994,4(3):151-153.
[31]管军,顾大强,段福斌.移动屋盖开合机械的设计方法[J].机械设计与研究,2004,20(5):77-80.
[32]周良金,顾大强.屋盖开合机械装置设计[J].起重运输机械,2010(7):8-13.
[33]GB/T3811—2008起重机设计规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[34]GB/T14406—93通用门式起重机[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1993.
[35]DIN CEN/TS13001-3-1Berichtigung1-2006[S].German:DE-DIN,2006.
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