基于有限元分析和虚拟现实技术的桥梁垮塌场景模拟
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摘要
为准确、真实、完整的重现桥梁垮塌事故过程,研究了结合有限元垮塌分析和虚拟现实技术的桥梁垮塌场景模拟方法。在MSC.Marc中完成了桥梁垮塌有限元分析。基于该有限元分析数据,设计了桥梁垮塌场景模拟的系统架构,并提出了一套基于图形引擎OpenSceneGraph(OSG)和物理引擎PhysX的桥梁垮塌动画和特效的技术流程,在OSG平台上开发了基于有限元分析数据的桥梁垮塌场景模拟系统。以某石拱桥为例,展示了基于本系统的桥梁垮塌过程以及碎块、烟尘等效果,并与有限元垮塌分析的图形结果进行了对比。结果表明:基于本系统的桥梁垮塌场景模拟具有与有限元模拟相同的准确性,同时更具有真实感和丰富的场景内容。桥梁垮塌场景模拟准确而真实的还原了桥梁垮塌事故场景,可以用于桥梁垮塌事故鉴定辅助分析。
To replicate the process of bridge collapse accurately,realistically and completely,the scene simulation of bridge collapse was studied based on finite element(FE) collapse analysis and virtual reality(VR) technology.FE analysis of bridge collapse was implemented with MSC.Marc.On the basis of these data of FE analysis,the system architecture of scene simulation of bridge collapse was designed,and the technical flow chat on animation and special effects of bridge collapse was proposed based on graphics engine OpenSceneGraph(OSG) and physics engine PhysX.A scene simulation system of bridge collapse based on the data of FE analysis was developed on OSG platform.Taken a stone arch bridge for example,the bridge collapse process,including the effects of fragments and dusts,were shown in this simulation system.Compared to the visual effects of FE simulation,the results indicate that the scene simulations of bridge collapse based on this system are the same accurate as FE simulation,even more realistic and complete.The scene simulation of bridge collapse replicates the accident scene of bridge collapse accurately and realistically,which can be used for the aided analysis on accident appraisals of bridge collapse.
To replicate the process of bridge collapse accurately,realistically and completely,the scene simulation of bridge collapse was studied based on finite element(FE) collapse analysis and virtual reality(VR) technology.FE analysis of bridge collapse was implemented with MSC.Marc.On the basis of these data of FE analysis,the system architecture of scene simulation of bridge collapse was designed,and the technical flow chat on animation and special effects of bridge collapse was proposed based on graphics engine OpenSceneGraph(OSG) and physics engine PhysX.A scene simulation system of bridge collapse based on the data of FE analysis was developed on OSG platform.Taken a stone arch bridge for example,the bridge collapse process,including the effects of fragments and dusts,were shown in this simulation system.Compared to the visual effects of FE simulation,the results indicate that the scene simulations of bridge collapse based on this system are the same accurate as FE simulation,even more realistic and complete.The scene simulation of bridge collapse replicates the accident scene of bridge collapse accurately and realistically,which can be used for the aided analysis on accident appraisals of bridge collapse.
引文
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[2]ZHU S,LEVINSON D,LIU H,et al.The Traffic andBehavioral Effects of the I-35W Mississippi River BridgeCollapse[J].Transportation Research Part A:Policy andPractice,2010,44(10):771-784.
[3]GANN R G.Final Report on the Collapse of World TradeCenter Building 7,NIST NCSTAR 1A[R].Gaithersburg,MD:National Institute of Standards andTechnology,2008.
[4]ISOBE D,TSUDA M.Seismic Collapse Analysis ofReinforced Concrete Framed Structures Using the FiniteElement Method[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,2003,32(13):2027-2046.
[5]陆新征,叶列平,江见鲸,等.考虑地震行波效应大型高架桥梁破坏模拟[J].工程抗震与改造加固,2007,29(3):1-5.LU Xinzheng,YE Lieping,JIANG Jianjing,et al.FailureSimulation for Large Viaducts with Traveling Wave Effect[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2007,29(3):1-5.
[6]KUMAR P,BHANDARI N M.Non-linear Finite ElementAnalysis of Masonry Arches for Prediction of Collapse Load[J].Structural Engineering International,2005,15(3):166-175.
[7]HAO S.I-35W Bridge Collapse[J].Journal of BridgeEngineering,2010,15(5):608-614.
[8]吴祚宝,肖田元.虚拟制造环境下有限元分析的应用[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2000,40(7):66-69.WU Zuobao,XIAO Tianyuan.Applications of FiniteElement Analysis in Virtual Manufacturing[J].Journal ofTsinghua University:Science and Technology Edition,2000,40(7):66-69.
[9]吴鹏,赵龙,王勇军,等.一种于基于有限元的形变模型算法[J].系统仿真学报,2001,13(5):674-677.WU Peng,ZHAO Long,WANG Yongjun,et al.AnAlgorithm for Deformable Model Based on Finite Element[J].Journal of System Simulation,2001,13(5):674-677.
[10]NIKITIN I,NIKITINA L,FROLOV P,et al.Real-timeSimulation of Elastic Objects in Virtual EnvironmentsUsing Finite Element Method and Precomputed Green'sFunctions[C]∥EGVE’02 Proceedings of the Workshopon Virtual Environments 2002.Switzerland:EurographicsAssociation Aire-la-Ville,2002:47-52.
[11]于巍,吴炜煜.三维可视化仿真技术与灾害虚拟表现[J].中国体视学与图像分析,2001,6(2):122-127.YU Wei,WU Weiyu.3D Visualization and SimulationTechnique and Reconstruction of a Disaster[J].ChineseJournal of Stereology and Image Analysis,2001,6(2):122-127.
[12]陈俊涛,肖明,郑永兰.用OpenGL开发地下结构工程三维有限元图形系统[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):1015-1020.CHEN Juntao,XIAO Ming,ZHENG Yonglan.Development of 3D Graphics System of Finite Elements forUnderground Engineering Using OpenGL[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):1015-1020.
[13]肖鹏,刘更代,徐明亮.OpenSceneGraph三维渲染引擎编程指南[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010.XIAO Peng,LIU Gengdai,XU Mingliang.ProgrammingGuide of OpenSceneGraph 3D Graphic Engine[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2010.
[14]王锐,钱学雷.OpenSceneGraph三维渲染引擎设计与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009.WANG Rui,QIAN Xuelei.Design and Practice inOpenSceneGraph 3D Graphic Engine[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2009.
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