复合顶板高瓦斯厚煤层综放工作面覆岩“两带”动态发育特征
摘要
以余吾煤业为试验矿井,采用钻孔两端封堵分段注水装置和钻孔电视系统,探测综放开采上覆岩层"两带"高度,对采动前后裂隙倾角、数量与深度关系、数量与宽度关系进行数字化分析,并就采动过程裂隙演变情况进行相似模型与数值模拟试验。结果表明:余吾煤业综放开采冒落带高度为27～32 m,裂隙带高度为58～61 m,采动前裂隙以高角度、低宽度为主;随着采煤工作面的逐步推进裂隙数量呈直线上升,且增加的裂隙以小角度、中宽度为主;采动过程中裂隙的主要聚集区在煤壁前后,覆岩裂隙密度分布曲线呈两端和中间高,如"波浪"型。
Taking Yuwu coal company as the experimental mine,by using the equipment which is sealed two ends by capsules in borehole,affused measurable water between the two capsules and borehole televiewer system,overburden two zones height of fully-mechanized top caving are monitored and analyzed through the digital relationship of fractures around mining such as change of dip angle,numbers and depth,numbers and width.At the same time,similarity model and numerical model experiment of fissure development evolution are carried out.The results show that:(1) Caving zone height changes from 27 m to 32 m and fractured zone height changes from 58 m to 61 m;(2) The fracture characteristics are mainly with high angle and low width before mining,with small angle and middle width after mining;with the mining of working face,the numbers of fractures increase with straight line;(3) The fractures cluster region mainly focuses near the coal wall,and the fractures density distribution curves of overlying strata are high at two ends and middle of working face,just like wave-shapes.
Taking Yuwu coal company as the experimental mine,by using the equipment which is sealed two ends by capsules in borehole,affused measurable water between the two capsules and borehole televiewer system,overburden two zones height of fully-mechanized top caving are monitored and analyzed through the digital relationship of fractures around mining such as change of dip angle,numbers and depth,numbers and width.At the same time,similarity model and numerical model experiment of fissure development evolution are carried out.The results show that:(1) Caving zone height changes from 27 m to 32 m and fractured zone height changes from 58 m to 61 m;(2) The fracture characteristics are mainly with high angle and low width before mining,with small angle and middle width after mining;with the mining of working face,the numbers of fractures increase with straight line;(3) The fractures cluster region mainly focuses near the coal wall,and the fractures density distribution curves of overlying strata are high at two ends and middle of working face,just like wave-shapes.
引文
[1]煤炭科学研究总院北京开采研究所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983:130–135.(Branchof Beijing Mining Institute,China Coal Research Institute.Law forground surface movement and overburden failure in coal mine and itsapplication[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1983:130–155.(in Chinese))
[2]国家煤炭工业局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000:225–233.(State CoalIndustry Bureau.Specification for building,water body,railroad andmain mine lane coal pillar with pressure mining[M].Beijing:ChinaCoal Industry Publishing House,2000:225–233.(in Chinese))
[3]王岩,王路军,张兴华,等保护层开采后周围煤岩体采动裂隙分布规律的研究[J].煤矿安全,2008,(1):11–14.(WANG Yan,WANG Lujun,ZHANG Xinghua,et al.Study on mining-inducedfracture distribution of coal and rock mass after projective layer beingmined[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2008,(1):11–14.(in Chinese))
[4]钱鸣高,许家林.覆岩采动裂隙分布的“O”型圈特征研究[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(5):466–469.(QIAN Minggao,XU Jialin.Study onthe“O-shape”circle distribution characteristics of mining-inducedfractures in the overlaying strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1998,23(5):466–469.(in Chinese))
[5]钱鸣高,缪协兴.采场上覆岩层结构的形态与受力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(2):97–106.(QIAN Minggao,MIAOXiexing.Theoretical analysis of the structural form and stability ofoverlying strata in Longwang mining[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,1995,14(2):97–106.(in Chinese))
[6]王旭烽,张东升,马立强,等.河下采煤覆岩采动裂隙分布特征的数值分析[J].矿井研究与开发,2008,(5):61–63.(WANG Xufeng,ZHANG Dongsheng,MA Liqiang,et al.Numerical analysis of distributingfeatures of under-river mining-induced fissures in overburden rocks[J].Mining Research and Development,2008,(5):61–63.(in Chinese))
[7]张兴民,于克君,席京德,等.微地震技术在煤矿“两带”监测领域的研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(6):566–570.(ZHANGXingmin,YU Kejun,XI Jingde,et al.The research and application ofmicroseismic technology in mine fractured and caving zones monitoring[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2000,25(6):566–570.(in Chinese))
[8]程学丰,刘盛东,刘登宪.煤层采后围岩破坏规律的声波CT探测[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(2):153–155.(CHENG Xuefeng,LIU Shengdong,LIU Dengxian.Failure law of the sound wave CT detection aftermining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(2):153–155.(inChinese))
[9]张玉军,李凤明.高强度综放开采采动覆岩破坏高度及裂隙发育演化监测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增1):2995–3 001.(ZHANG Yujun,LI Fengming.Monitoring analysis of fissuredevelopment evolution and height of overburden failure of high tensionfully-mechanized caving mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2011,30(Supp.1):2 995–3 001.(in Chinese))
[10]张玉军,张华兴,陈佩佩.覆岩及采动岩体裂隙场分布特征的可视化探测[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(11):1216–1219.(ZHANG Yujun,ZHANG Huaxing,CHEN Peipei.Visual exploration of distributioncharacteristic of fissure field of overburden and mining rockmass[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(11):1 216–1 219.(in Chinese))
[11]张玉军.钻孔电视探测技术在煤层覆岩裂隙特征研究中的应用[J].煤矿开采,2011,16(3):77–80.(ZHANGYujun.Applicationof bore-holeTV exploration technology in researching fissure characteristics inoverlying strata of coal layer[J].Coal Mining Technology,2011,16(3):77–80.(in Chinese))
[12]王忠昶,张文泉,赵德深.离层注浆条件下覆岩变形破坏特征的连续探测[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(7):1094–1098.(WANGZhongchang,ZHANG Wenquan,ZHAO Deshen.Continuous explorationfor deformation and failure of overburdens under injecting grouts inseparate layers[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(7):1 094–1 098.(in Chinese))
[13]王川婴,LAW K T.钻孔摄像技术的发展与现状[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3440–3447.(WANG Chuanying,LAWK T.Review of borehole camera technology[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3 440–3 447.(inChinese))
[14]朱伟.高强度综采中至坚硬覆岩裂缝带发育规律研究[J].煤炭工程,2011,(1):60–63.(ZHU Wei.Study on rock zone developmentlaw of medium and hard overburden strata above high intensivefully-mechanized coal mining face[J].Coal Engineering,2011,(1):60–63.(in Chinese))
[15]张平松,胡雄武,刘盛东.采煤面覆岩破坏动态测试模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):78–83.(ZHANG Pingsong,HU Xiongwu,LIU Shengdong.Study of dynamic detection simulation ofoverburden failure in model workface[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):78–83.(in Chinese))
[2]国家煤炭工业局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000:225–233.(State CoalIndustry Bureau.Specification for building,water body,railroad andmain mine lane coal pillar with pressure mining[M].Beijing:ChinaCoal Industry Publishing House,2000:225–233.(in Chinese))
[3]王岩,王路军,张兴华,等保护层开采后周围煤岩体采动裂隙分布规律的研究[J].煤矿安全,2008,(1):11–14.(WANG Yan,WANG Lujun,ZHANG Xinghua,et al.Study on mining-inducedfracture distribution of coal and rock mass after projective layer beingmined[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2008,(1):11–14.(in Chinese))
[4]钱鸣高,许家林.覆岩采动裂隙分布的“O”型圈特征研究[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(5):466–469.(QIAN Minggao,XU Jialin.Study onthe“O-shape”circle distribution characteristics of mining-inducedfractures in the overlaying strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1998,23(5):466–469.(in Chinese))
[5]钱鸣高,缪协兴.采场上覆岩层结构的形态与受力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(2):97–106.(QIAN Minggao,MIAOXiexing.Theoretical analysis of the structural form and stability ofoverlying strata in Longwang mining[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,1995,14(2):97–106.(in Chinese))
[6]王旭烽,张东升,马立强,等.河下采煤覆岩采动裂隙分布特征的数值分析[J].矿井研究与开发,2008,(5):61–63.(WANG Xufeng,ZHANG Dongsheng,MA Liqiang,et al.Numerical analysis of distributingfeatures of under-river mining-induced fissures in overburden rocks[J].Mining Research and Development,2008,(5):61–63.(in Chinese))
[7]张兴民,于克君,席京德,等.微地震技术在煤矿“两带”监测领域的研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(6):566–570.(ZHANGXingmin,YU Kejun,XI Jingde,et al.The research and application ofmicroseismic technology in mine fractured and caving zones monitoring[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2000,25(6):566–570.(in Chinese))
[8]程学丰,刘盛东,刘登宪.煤层采后围岩破坏规律的声波CT探测[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(2):153–155.(CHENG Xuefeng,LIU Shengdong,LIU Dengxian.Failure law of the sound wave CT detection aftermining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(2):153–155.(inChinese))
[9]张玉军,李凤明.高强度综放开采采动覆岩破坏高度及裂隙发育演化监测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增1):2995–3 001.(ZHANG Yujun,LI Fengming.Monitoring analysis of fissuredevelopment evolution and height of overburden failure of high tensionfully-mechanized caving mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2011,30(Supp.1):2 995–3 001.(in Chinese))
[10]张玉军,张华兴,陈佩佩.覆岩及采动岩体裂隙场分布特征的可视化探测[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(11):1216–1219.(ZHANG Yujun,ZHANG Huaxing,CHEN Peipei.Visual exploration of distributioncharacteristic of fissure field of overburden and mining rockmass[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(11):1 216–1 219.(in Chinese))
[11]张玉军.钻孔电视探测技术在煤层覆岩裂隙特征研究中的应用[J].煤矿开采,2011,16(3):77–80.(ZHANGYujun.Applicationof bore-holeTV exploration technology in researching fissure characteristics inoverlying strata of coal layer[J].Coal Mining Technology,2011,16(3):77–80.(in Chinese))
[12]王忠昶,张文泉,赵德深.离层注浆条件下覆岩变形破坏特征的连续探测[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(7):1094–1098.(WANGZhongchang,ZHANG Wenquan,ZHAO Deshen.Continuous explorationfor deformation and failure of overburdens under injecting grouts inseparate layers[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(7):1 094–1 098.(in Chinese))
[13]王川婴,LAW K T.钻孔摄像技术的发展与现状[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3440–3447.(WANG Chuanying,LAWK T.Review of borehole camera technology[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3 440–3 447.(inChinese))
[14]朱伟.高强度综采中至坚硬覆岩裂缝带发育规律研究[J].煤炭工程,2011,(1):60–63.(ZHU Wei.Study on rock zone developmentlaw of medium and hard overburden strata above high intensivefully-mechanized coal mining face[J].Coal Engineering,2011,(1):60–63.(in Chinese))
[15]张平松,胡雄武,刘盛东.采煤面覆岩破坏动态测试模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):78–83.(ZHANG Pingsong,HU Xiongwu,LIU Shengdong.Study of dynamic detection simulation ofoverburden failure in model workface[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):78–83.(in Chinese))
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心