基于改进阶比的变速器微弱故障特征提取
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摘要
提出了一种基于转速调整的改进阶比分析方法,并应用于提取变速器齿轮微弱故障特征。从理论上分析了传统阶比方法分析转速波动信号的局限性,提出了基于转速调整的改进阶比分析方法,采用传统和改进阶比方法对实测转速波动信号进行分析,通过对比证实了转速波动对传统阶比分析结果有较大影响,而改进阶比方法能有效克服该影响,明显改善了分析效果,提高了分析精度。分别采用传统阶比和改进阶比方法对变速器加速振动信号进行分析,结果表明,传统阶比谱不能正确区分齿轮正常与轻微故障状态,而改进阶比谱能清晰反映齿轮正常与轻微故障状态的幅值能量变化,说明改进阶比方法能有效分析转速波动信号并正确提取出微弱故障特征。
The limitations of traditional order analysis method in analyzing the fluctuating rotation speed signals is analyzed theoretically.Furthermore an improved order analysis method based on rotation speed adjustment is put forward and applied to extract the weak fault characteristics of automobile transmission gears.The traditional and improved order analysis method is adopted to analyze the fluctuating rotation speed signals,respectively,and the comparisons of the results show that the former method is susceptible to the impact of rotation speed fluctuation which can be avoided by the improved order analysis method effectively.The analytical results are ameliorated and the precision is improved evidently.After the vibration signals in accelerating process for automobile transmission is analyzed by traditional and improved order analysis method,respectively,the results show that normal and light fault state of the gear can not be distinguished by traditional order spectrum correctly,but their changes of amplitude energy can be identified by the improved order spectrum clearly,so the signals with fluctuating rotation speed can be analyzed by the improved order effectively and the weak fault characteristics can be extracted correctly.
The limitations of traditional order analysis method in analyzing the fluctuating rotation speed signals is analyzed theoretically.Furthermore an improved order analysis method based on rotation speed adjustment is put forward and applied to extract the weak fault characteristics of automobile transmission gears.The traditional and improved order analysis method is adopted to analyze the fluctuating rotation speed signals,respectively,and the comparisons of the results show that the former method is susceptible to the impact of rotation speed fluctuation which can be avoided by the improved order analysis method effectively.The analytical results are ameliorated and the precision is improved evidently.After the vibration signals in accelerating process for automobile transmission is analyzed by traditional and improved order analysis method,respectively,the results show that normal and light fault state of the gear can not be distinguished by traditional order spectrum correctly,but their changes of amplitude energy can be identified by the improved order spectrum clearly,so the signals with fluctuating rotation speed can be analyzed by the improved order effectively and the weak fault characteristics can be extracted correctly.
引文
[1]肖云魁.汽车故障诊断学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2006.
[2]李宝庆.广义解调时频分析方法及其在齿轮故障诊断中的应用研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010.LI Baoqing.Research on the generalized demodulationtime-frequency analysis method and application to gearfault diagnosis[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2010.
[3]赵晓平,张令弥,郭勤涛.旋转机械阶比跟踪技术研究进展综述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(6):213—214.ZHAO Xiaoping,ZHANG Lingmi,GUO Qintao.Ad-vances and trends in rotational machine order trackingmethodology[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineer andEngineering Vibration,2008,28(6):213—214.
[4]张祥春.面向旋转机械的虚拟式阶比分析仪的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.Zhang Xiangchun.Research on Virtual Order Analyz-er for Rotating Machinery[D].Chongqing:ChongqingUniversity,2006.
[5]康海英,祁彦洁,阎文.运用阶次跟踪和奇异谱降噪诊断齿轮早期故障[J].振动、测试与诊断,2010,30(6):662—664.Kang Haiying,Qi Yanjie,Yan Wen.Early fault diag-nosis of gear by order tracking and singular spectrumdenoising[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2010,30(6):662—664.
[6]杨通强,郑海起,栾军英.齿轮箱启动信号的倒阶次谱分析方法[J].河北工业大学学报,2005,34(6):1—4.Yang Tongqiang,Zheng Haiqi,Luan Junying.Pro-cessing Gearbox Launching Signal with Order Cep-strum Analysis[J].Journal of HeBei University ofTechnology,2006,34(6):1—4.
[7]贾继德,刘志刚,张平.基于阶比双谱分析的发动机故障特征提取[J].内燃机学报,2004,22(5):462—469.Jia Jide,Liu Zhigang,Zhang Ping.Feature extractionand state monitoring of engine faults based on the or-der bi-spectrum estimation[J].Transactions ofCSICE,2004,22(5):462—469.
[8]贾继德,傅立峰,刘志刚.基于瞬变工况阶比跟踪的内燃机监测方法研究[J].振动工程学报,2005,18(3):381—383.Jia Jide,Fu Lifeng,Liu Zhigang.Engine conditionmonitoring based on order tracking estimate of the in-stantaneously changing work condition[J].Journal ofVibration Engineering,2005,18(3):381—383.
[9]黄国龙.基于阶比跟踪和AR模型的旋转机械故障诊断与状态预测技术研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008.Huang Guolong.Research on fault diagnosis and con-dition predication of rotating machinery based on ordertracking and AR model[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Univer-sity,2008.
[10]田昊,唐力伟,陈红.基于瞬态声与阶次倒谱的齿轮箱故障诊断[J].振动、测试与诊断,2009,29(2):137—138.Tianjin Hao,Tang Liwei,Chen Hong.Fault diagno-sis of gearbox by using transient acoustic signal andorder cepstrum[J].Journal of Vibration,Measure-ment&Diagnosis,2009,29(2):137—138.
[11]栾军英,康海英,郑海起.基于阶次跟踪的旋转机械启动过程振动分析[J].军械工程学报,2005,17(2):23—24.Luan Junying,Kang Haiying,Zheng Haiqi.Applica-tion of order tracking in rotating machinery in fastrun-up state[J].Journal of Ordnance EngineeringCollege,2005,17(2):23—24.
[12]康海英,栾军英,田燕.阶次跟踪在齿轮磨损中的应用[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(4):112—113.Kang Haiying,Luan Junying,Tian Yan.Applicationof the order tracking analysis in gearbox wearing[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2006,25(4):112—113.
[13]康海英,栾军英,郑海起.基于阶次跟踪和HHT边际谱的轴承故障诊断系统研究[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(6):1—3.Kang Haiying,Luan Junying,Zheng Haiqi.Fault di-agnosis of bearings based on order tracking and HHTmarginal spectrum[J].Journal of Vibration andShock,2007,26(6):1—3.
[14]孔庆鹏.发动机变速阶段振动信号阶比跟踪研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.Kong Qingpeng.The study of order tracking of vibra-tion signal of engine in speed variant process[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2006.
[2]李宝庆.广义解调时频分析方法及其在齿轮故障诊断中的应用研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010.LI Baoqing.Research on the generalized demodulationtime-frequency analysis method and application to gearfault diagnosis[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2010.
[3]赵晓平,张令弥,郭勤涛.旋转机械阶比跟踪技术研究进展综述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(6):213—214.ZHAO Xiaoping,ZHANG Lingmi,GUO Qintao.Ad-vances and trends in rotational machine order trackingmethodology[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineer andEngineering Vibration,2008,28(6):213—214.
[4]张祥春.面向旋转机械的虚拟式阶比分析仪的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.Zhang Xiangchun.Research on Virtual Order Analyz-er for Rotating Machinery[D].Chongqing:ChongqingUniversity,2006.
[5]康海英,祁彦洁,阎文.运用阶次跟踪和奇异谱降噪诊断齿轮早期故障[J].振动、测试与诊断,2010,30(6):662—664.Kang Haiying,Qi Yanjie,Yan Wen.Early fault diag-nosis of gear by order tracking and singular spectrumdenoising[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2010,30(6):662—664.
[6]杨通强,郑海起,栾军英.齿轮箱启动信号的倒阶次谱分析方法[J].河北工业大学学报,2005,34(6):1—4.Yang Tongqiang,Zheng Haiqi,Luan Junying.Pro-cessing Gearbox Launching Signal with Order Cep-strum Analysis[J].Journal of HeBei University ofTechnology,2006,34(6):1—4.
[7]贾继德,刘志刚,张平.基于阶比双谱分析的发动机故障特征提取[J].内燃机学报,2004,22(5):462—469.Jia Jide,Liu Zhigang,Zhang Ping.Feature extractionand state monitoring of engine faults based on the or-der bi-spectrum estimation[J].Transactions ofCSICE,2004,22(5):462—469.
[8]贾继德,傅立峰,刘志刚.基于瞬变工况阶比跟踪的内燃机监测方法研究[J].振动工程学报,2005,18(3):381—383.Jia Jide,Fu Lifeng,Liu Zhigang.Engine conditionmonitoring based on order tracking estimate of the in-stantaneously changing work condition[J].Journal ofVibration Engineering,2005,18(3):381—383.
[9]黄国龙.基于阶比跟踪和AR模型的旋转机械故障诊断与状态预测技术研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008.Huang Guolong.Research on fault diagnosis and con-dition predication of rotating machinery based on ordertracking and AR model[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Univer-sity,2008.
[10]田昊,唐力伟,陈红.基于瞬态声与阶次倒谱的齿轮箱故障诊断[J].振动、测试与诊断,2009,29(2):137—138.Tianjin Hao,Tang Liwei,Chen Hong.Fault diagno-sis of gearbox by using transient acoustic signal andorder cepstrum[J].Journal of Vibration,Measure-ment&Diagnosis,2009,29(2):137—138.
[11]栾军英,康海英,郑海起.基于阶次跟踪的旋转机械启动过程振动分析[J].军械工程学报,2005,17(2):23—24.Luan Junying,Kang Haiying,Zheng Haiqi.Applica-tion of order tracking in rotating machinery in fastrun-up state[J].Journal of Ordnance EngineeringCollege,2005,17(2):23—24.
[12]康海英,栾军英,田燕.阶次跟踪在齿轮磨损中的应用[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(4):112—113.Kang Haiying,Luan Junying,Tian Yan.Applicationof the order tracking analysis in gearbox wearing[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2006,25(4):112—113.
[13]康海英,栾军英,郑海起.基于阶次跟踪和HHT边际谱的轴承故障诊断系统研究[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(6):1—3.Kang Haiying,Luan Junying,Zheng Haiqi.Fault di-agnosis of bearings based on order tracking and HHTmarginal spectrum[J].Journal of Vibration andShock,2007,26(6):1—3.
[14]孔庆鹏.发动机变速阶段振动信号阶比跟踪研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.Kong Qingpeng.The study of order tracking of vibra-tion signal of engine in speed variant process[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2006.
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