复杂岩石块体识别的单元重构–聚合方法
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摘要
为解决工程岩体开挖中含有复杂开挖边界时的块体识别问题,提出岩石块体识别的单元重构–聚合方法。首先,引入成熟的网格划分技术,通过建立网格模型(如有限元模型),实现对复杂开挖边界的精确模拟;其次,采用基于单元重构技术的结构面建模方法,将分布于岩体内的结构面建入网格模型;然后,提出基于单元聚合技术的块体构建方法和考虑有限性结构面时的单元组处理方法;最终可实现基于网格模型的复杂岩石块体识别。该方法识别所得的块体系统基于网格模型,块体的所有特征信息均可通过模型的单元和节点提取,块体的可视化也可在既有网格模型图形显示平台上实现。算例验证表明,当将结构面分别考虑为无限延伸和有限延展时,该方法的块体识别和稳定分析成果均与通用块体分析软件的结果一致。进一步将该方法应用于水电站大型地下洞室群的块体识别,可证明其应用于复杂岩石块体识别的有效性和优越性。因此,该方法是一种能够考虑复杂工程岩体开挖边界的岩石块体识别的新方法,其实现过程独立于基于拓扑原理的传统块体识别思路,为块体稳定分析提供了新的实现途径。
In order to cope with the issue of block identification during the construction process of engineering rock masses containing complex excavation boundaries,a new method for identification of rock blocks is presented based on element reconstruction and aggregation technique.Firstly,the sophisticated mesh gridding technique is employed to establish meshes(e.g.finite element mesh),thus realizing the accurate simulation of complex excavation boundaries.Then,the modeling method for geological discontinuities based on element reconstruction is employed;thus inserting the geological discontinuities which are widely distributed in rock masses into the meshes.Afterwards,the block construction method based on element aggregation technique and handling procedures for finite structural planes are presented;thus realizing the identification of complex rock blocks based on meshes finally.As the identified block system is defined on meshes,all specific information of block system can be obtained through the elements and nodes of meshes.The visualization of blocks can be also realized using mesh graphic display platform.The validation examples indicate that when the structural planes are considered either infinite or finite,the block identification and corresponding stability analysis results are identical to those derived from common software for block analysis.The presented method is further illustrated with its application to a large-scale hydropower underground cavern complex;and its effectiveness and superiority can be verified.Therefore,the presented method is determined to be a new approach for block analysis,in which complex excavation of engineering rock mass can be considered.Its implementing procedures are totally independent from the traditional topology-based block identification algorithms,thus providing a new tool for block stability analysis.
In order to cope with the issue of block identification during the construction process of engineering rock masses containing complex excavation boundaries,a new method for identification of rock blocks is presented based on element reconstruction and aggregation technique.Firstly,the sophisticated mesh gridding technique is employed to establish meshes(e.g.finite element mesh),thus realizing the accurate simulation of complex excavation boundaries.Then,the modeling method for geological discontinuities based on element reconstruction is employed;thus inserting the geological discontinuities which are widely distributed in rock masses into the meshes.Afterwards,the block construction method based on element aggregation technique and handling procedures for finite structural planes are presented;thus realizing the identification of complex rock blocks based on meshes finally.As the identified block system is defined on meshes,all specific information of block system can be obtained through the elements and nodes of meshes.The visualization of blocks can be also realized using mesh graphic display platform.The validation examples indicate that when the structural planes are considered either infinite or finite,the block identification and corresponding stability analysis results are identical to those derived from common software for block analysis.The presented method is further illustrated with its application to a large-scale hydropower underground cavern complex;and its effectiveness and superiority can be verified.Therefore,the presented method is determined to be a new approach for block analysis,in which complex excavation of engineering rock mass can be considered.Its implementing procedures are totally independent from the traditional topology-based block identification algorithms,thus providing a new tool for block stability analysis.
引文
[1]夏才初.工程岩体节理力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2002:1–4.(XIA Caichu.Joint mechanics of engineering rockmass[M].Shanghai:Tongji Unviersity Press,2002:1–4.(in Chinese))
[2]张永兴,王桂林,胡居义.岩石洞室地基稳定性分析方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:21–30.(ZHANG Yongxing,WANGGuilin,HU Juyi.Methods and practices for stability analysis of rockcavern foundation[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:21–30.(inChinese))
[3]BOYLE W J,GOODMAN R E,YOW J L.Field cases using keyblock theory[C]//Proceedings of the International Symposium onLarge Rock Caverns.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1986:88–95.
[4]GOODMAN R E,SHI G H.Block theory and its application to rockengineering[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall,Inc.,1985:1–150.
[5]SHI G H.Producing joint polygons,cutting joint blocks and findingkey blocks from general free surfaces[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2006,25(11):2 161–2 170.
[6]张清,莫勖涛.利用关键块体理论估计岩石隧道的塌方部位[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1989,8(2):163–168.(ZHANG Qing,MOXutao.An estimation of removable block positions in rock tunnel bykey block theory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,1989,8(2):163–168.(in Chinese))
[7]盛谦,黄正加,邬爱清.三峡工程地下厂房随机块体稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2002,23(6):747–749.(SHENG Qian,HUANGZhengjia,WU Aiqing.Stability analysis for random key block ofunderground powerhouse of Three Gorges Project[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2004,23(6):747–749.(in Chinese))
[8]汪卫明,陈胜宏.三维岩石块体系统的自动识别方法[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1998,31(5):51–55.(WANG Weiming,CHENShenghong.Automatic identification method for three-dimensionalrock block systems[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulic andElectric Engineering,1998,31(5):51–55.(in Chinese))
[9]邬爱清,张奇华.岩石块体理论中三维随机块体几何搜索[J].水利学报,2005,36(4):426–432.(WUAiqing,ZHANG Qihua.Geometricidentification of stochastic block in block theory[J].Journal ofHydraulic Engineering,2005,36(4):426–432.(in Chinese))
[10]张奇华,邬爱清,石根华.关键块体理论在百色水利枢纽地下厂房岩体稳定性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2 609–2 614.(ZHANG Qihua,WU Aiqing,SHI Genhua.Applicationof key block theory to analysis of rock stability for underground plantin Baise hydraulic project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(15):2 609–2 614.(in Chinese))
[11]夏才初,陈孝湘,许崇帮,等.特大跨度连拱隧道岩体节理的精细化描述及其块体稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):2 598–2 603.(XIA Caichu,CHEN Xiaoxiang,XUChongbang,et al.Meticulous description of jointed rock and blockstability analysis of surrounding rock of super-large section multi-archtunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.1):2 598–2 603.(in Chinese))
[12]廖秋林,曾钱帮,刘彤,等.基于ANSYS平台复杂地质体FLAC3D模型的自动生成[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3):1010–1 013.(LIAO Qiulin,ZENG Qianbang,LIU Tong,et al.Automaticmodel generation of complex geology body with FLAC3D based onANSYS platform[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(3):1 010–1 013.(in Chinese))
[13]郑永兰,肖明.复杂地下洞室群三维有限元网格剖分在CAD中的实现[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增2):4988–4992.(ZHENG Yonglan,XIAO Ming.Realization of 3D FEM meshsubdivision for complicated underground cavitygroup in CAD[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(Supp.2):4 988–4 992.(in Chinese))
[14]陈俊涛,肖明,郑永兰.用OpenGL开发地下结构工程三维有限元图形系统[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):1015–1020.(CHEN Juntao,XIAO Ming,ZHENG Yonglan.Development of 3Dgraphics system of finite elements for underground engineering usingOpenGL[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):1 015–1 020.(in Chinese))
[15]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒,等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983:19–27.(YU Xuefu,ZHENG Yingren,LIUHuaiheng,et al.Stability analysis for surrounding rock of undergroundengineering[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1983:19–27.(in Chinese))
[16]崔银祥,聂德新,陈强.某电站大型地下洞室群主变洞确定性块体稳定性评价[J].工程地质学,2005,13(2):212–217.(CUIYinxiang,NIE Dexin,CHEN Qiang.Stability assessment ofdeterministic blocks of a main transformed cavern in a hugeunderground powerhouse[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2005,13(2):212–217.(in Chinese))
[17]张雨霆,肖明,左双英.基于单元重构的岩土工程复杂地质断层建模方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(9):1848–1855.(ZHANG Yuting,XIAO Ming,ZUO Shuangying.Methodology formodeling of complex geotechnical faults based on elementreconstruction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(9):1 848–1 855.(in Chinese))
[18]张国新,李海枫,黄涛.三维不连续变形分析理论及其在岩质边坡工程中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2116–2 126.(ZHANG Guoxin,LI Haifeng,HUANG Tao.Three-dimensionaldiscontinuous deformation analysis theory and its application to rockslopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2 116–2 126.(in Chinese))
[19]ZHANG Y T,XIAO M,CHEN J T.A new methodology for blockidentification and its application in a large scale underground caverncomplex[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2010,25(2):168–180.
[20]IKEGAWA Y,HUDSON J A.A novel automatic identification systemfor three-dimensional multi-block systems[J].Engineering Computations,1992,9(2):169–179.
[21]YU Q,MURAKAMI O,OHNISHI Y,et al.Analysis system for rockslope key-block[C]//Proceedings of the Japan Symposium on RockMechanics.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2001:683–688.
[22]于青春,薛果夫,陈德基.裂隙岩体一般块体理论[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007:1–100.(YU Qingchun,XUE Guofu,CHEN Deji.General block theory for fractured rock mass[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2007:1–100.(in Chinese))
[23]YU Q,OHNISHI Y,CHEN D.A generalized procedure to identifythree-dimensional rock blocks around complex excavations[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods inGeomechanics,2009,33(3):355–375.
[24]张雨霆.大型地下洞室群地震响应与结构面控制型围岩稳定研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:武汉大学,2011.(ZHANG Yuting.Studyon seismic response analysis and structural plane-controlled stabilityof surrounding rock for large scale underground cavern complexes[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2011.(in Chinese))
[2]张永兴,王桂林,胡居义.岩石洞室地基稳定性分析方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:21–30.(ZHANG Yongxing,WANGGuilin,HU Juyi.Methods and practices for stability analysis of rockcavern foundation[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:21–30.(inChinese))
[3]BOYLE W J,GOODMAN R E,YOW J L.Field cases using keyblock theory[C]//Proceedings of the International Symposium onLarge Rock Caverns.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1986:88–95.
[4]GOODMAN R E,SHI G H.Block theory and its application to rockengineering[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall,Inc.,1985:1–150.
[5]SHI G H.Producing joint polygons,cutting joint blocks and findingkey blocks from general free surfaces[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2006,25(11):2 161–2 170.
[6]张清,莫勖涛.利用关键块体理论估计岩石隧道的塌方部位[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1989,8(2):163–168.(ZHANG Qing,MOXutao.An estimation of removable block positions in rock tunnel bykey block theory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,1989,8(2):163–168.(in Chinese))
[7]盛谦,黄正加,邬爱清.三峡工程地下厂房随机块体稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2002,23(6):747–749.(SHENG Qian,HUANGZhengjia,WU Aiqing.Stability analysis for random key block ofunderground powerhouse of Three Gorges Project[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2004,23(6):747–749.(in Chinese))
[8]汪卫明,陈胜宏.三维岩石块体系统的自动识别方法[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1998,31(5):51–55.(WANG Weiming,CHENShenghong.Automatic identification method for three-dimensionalrock block systems[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulic andElectric Engineering,1998,31(5):51–55.(in Chinese))
[9]邬爱清,张奇华.岩石块体理论中三维随机块体几何搜索[J].水利学报,2005,36(4):426–432.(WUAiqing,ZHANG Qihua.Geometricidentification of stochastic block in block theory[J].Journal ofHydraulic Engineering,2005,36(4):426–432.(in Chinese))
[10]张奇华,邬爱清,石根华.关键块体理论在百色水利枢纽地下厂房岩体稳定性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2 609–2 614.(ZHANG Qihua,WU Aiqing,SHI Genhua.Applicationof key block theory to analysis of rock stability for underground plantin Baise hydraulic project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(15):2 609–2 614.(in Chinese))
[11]夏才初,陈孝湘,许崇帮,等.特大跨度连拱隧道岩体节理的精细化描述及其块体稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):2 598–2 603.(XIA Caichu,CHEN Xiaoxiang,XUChongbang,et al.Meticulous description of jointed rock and blockstability analysis of surrounding rock of super-large section multi-archtunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.1):2 598–2 603.(in Chinese))
[12]廖秋林,曾钱帮,刘彤,等.基于ANSYS平台复杂地质体FLAC3D模型的自动生成[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3):1010–1 013.(LIAO Qiulin,ZENG Qianbang,LIU Tong,et al.Automaticmodel generation of complex geology body with FLAC3D based onANSYS platform[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(3):1 010–1 013.(in Chinese))
[13]郑永兰,肖明.复杂地下洞室群三维有限元网格剖分在CAD中的实现[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增2):4988–4992.(ZHENG Yonglan,XIAO Ming.Realization of 3D FEM meshsubdivision for complicated underground cavitygroup in CAD[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(Supp.2):4 988–4 992.(in Chinese))
[14]陈俊涛,肖明,郑永兰.用OpenGL开发地下结构工程三维有限元图形系统[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):1015–1020.(CHEN Juntao,XIAO Ming,ZHENG Yonglan.Development of 3Dgraphics system of finite elements for underground engineering usingOpenGL[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):1 015–1 020.(in Chinese))
[15]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒,等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983:19–27.(YU Xuefu,ZHENG Yingren,LIUHuaiheng,et al.Stability analysis for surrounding rock of undergroundengineering[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1983:19–27.(in Chinese))
[16]崔银祥,聂德新,陈强.某电站大型地下洞室群主变洞确定性块体稳定性评价[J].工程地质学,2005,13(2):212–217.(CUIYinxiang,NIE Dexin,CHEN Qiang.Stability assessment ofdeterministic blocks of a main transformed cavern in a hugeunderground powerhouse[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2005,13(2):212–217.(in Chinese))
[17]张雨霆,肖明,左双英.基于单元重构的岩土工程复杂地质断层建模方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(9):1848–1855.(ZHANG Yuting,XIAO Ming,ZUO Shuangying.Methodology formodeling of complex geotechnical faults based on elementreconstruction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(9):1 848–1 855.(in Chinese))
[18]张国新,李海枫,黄涛.三维不连续变形分析理论及其在岩质边坡工程中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2116–2 126.(ZHANG Guoxin,LI Haifeng,HUANG Tao.Three-dimensionaldiscontinuous deformation analysis theory and its application to rockslopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2 116–2 126.(in Chinese))
[19]ZHANG Y T,XIAO M,CHEN J T.A new methodology for blockidentification and its application in a large scale underground caverncomplex[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2010,25(2):168–180.
[20]IKEGAWA Y,HUDSON J A.A novel automatic identification systemfor three-dimensional multi-block systems[J].Engineering Computations,1992,9(2):169–179.
[21]YU Q,MURAKAMI O,OHNISHI Y,et al.Analysis system for rockslope key-block[C]//Proceedings of the Japan Symposium on RockMechanics.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2001:683–688.
[22]于青春,薛果夫,陈德基.裂隙岩体一般块体理论[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007:1–100.(YU Qingchun,XUE Guofu,CHEN Deji.General block theory for fractured rock mass[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2007:1–100.(in Chinese))
[23]YU Q,OHNISHI Y,CHEN D.A generalized procedure to identifythree-dimensional rock blocks around complex excavations[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods inGeomechanics,2009,33(3):355–375.
[24]张雨霆.大型地下洞室群地震响应与结构面控制型围岩稳定研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:武汉大学,2011.(ZHANG Yuting.Studyon seismic response analysis and structural plane-controlled stabilityof surrounding rock for large scale underground cavern complexes[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2011.(in Chinese))
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