微波炉法测定遗址土含水率的可靠性研究
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摘要
古代土遗址病害发展与土的含水率变化密切相关,但土遗址保护现场快速准确测定土的含水率不是一件容易的事。选择遗址土、含盐土、黄土等进行对比试验,研究分析微波炉烘干法(简称微波炉法)测遗址土含水率结果的可靠性。在测定试验土样界限含水率和易溶盐含量的基础上,对比分析微波炉法、烘箱法两种方法测定土含水率的误差来源。试验结果表明,土的塑性对微波炉法的测定有一定影响,但测定误差均在2%以内;土的含盐量影响水分的蒸发速度,不影响微波炉法的测定结果;微波法测定遗址土含水率准确,且具有快速、便捷等优势,值得在土遗址保护工程中推广使用。
The deterioration of ancient earthen monuments are highly related to the change in soil moisture content,so there is a practical need to find a way to measure accurately and easily the moisture content at heritage site.This paper reports the test results of soil water content measured by microwave drying method(MDM) compared with the standard method,the oven drying method(ODM),using soil samples including earthen monuments,saline soil and loess soil.The origin of test error by MDM is analyzed based on liquid limit test,plastic limit test,salt content test results.It has been found that the error of soil moisture content measured by MDM is increased with the increase in soil plasiticity compared with that measured by ODM;but the maximium error is restricted within 2%,satisfying the requrement of national code.Soil salt content is responsible for increasing the drying rate of the soil in MDM,but has no effect on the final masurement of soil moisture content.As a final conclusion,this research indicates that the MDM is a reliable method for soil moisture measurement in heritage conservation for its advantages of accuracy,speediness and convinence.
The deterioration of ancient earthen monuments are highly related to the change in soil moisture content,so there is a practical need to find a way to measure accurately and easily the moisture content at heritage site.This paper reports the test results of soil water content measured by microwave drying method(MDM) compared with the standard method,the oven drying method(ODM),using soil samples including earthen monuments,saline soil and loess soil.The origin of test error by MDM is analyzed based on liquid limit test,plastic limit test,salt content test results.It has been found that the error of soil moisture content measured by MDM is increased with the increase in soil plasiticity compared with that measured by ODM;but the maximium error is restricted within 2%,satisfying the requrement of national code.Soil salt content is responsible for increasing the drying rate of the soil in MDM,but has no effect on the final masurement of soil moisture content.As a final conclusion,this research indicates that the MDM is a reliable method for soil moisture measurement in heritage conservation for its advantages of accuracy,speediness and convinence.
引文
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[15]李成保,毛久庚.温度对土壤电导影响的初步研究[J].土壤通报,1989,43(2):62-65.LI Cheng-bao,MAO Jiu-geng.Research on the effect of temperature on soil's electric conductance[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1989,43(2):62-65.
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[2]南京水利科学研究院.GB/T 50123-1999土工试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.
[3]ASTM.D4643-00Standard test method for determination of water(moisture)content of soil by the microwave oven heating[S].Philadelphia American Society of Testing and Materials,2008.
[4]PAUL A G.Rapid water content by computer-controlled microwave drying[J].Geotech.Engrg.,1991,117(1):118-138.
[5]HAGERTY D J,ULLRICH C R,DENTON M M.Microwave drying of soils[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,1990,13(2):138-141.
[6]GB 50007-2002建筑地基基础设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[7]中国建筑科学研究院GB/T50145-2007土的工程分类标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2008.
[8]李并成.甘肃省高台县骆驼城遗址新考[J].中国历史地理论丛,2006,26(1):108-112.LI Bing-cheng.A new research on the ruins of camel city in Gaotai county,Gansu province[J].Journal of Chinese Historical Geography,2006,26(1):108-112.
[9]石玉成,李舒,刘琨.地震作用下骆驼城土遗址的安全性评价[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(3):255-260.SHI Yu-cheng,LI Shu,LIU Kun.Safety evaluation of the camel town soil relics under earthquake action[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2011,33(3):255-260.
[10]周环.潮湿环境土遗址的加固保护研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[11]赵明华,刘小平.水膜理论在非饱和土中吸力的应用研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(7):1323-1327.ZHAO Ming-hua,LIU Xiao-ping.Application of aqueous film theory to study of unsaturated soil's suction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics.2007,28(7):1323-1327.
[12]王平全,陈地奎.用热失重法确定水合黏土水分含量及存在形式[J].西南石油学院学报.2006,28(1):52-55.WANG Ping-quan,CHEN Di-kui.Thermal-weightlessness method to determine water content and existing from of hydratable clay[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2006,28(1):52-55.
[13]郭胜利,张宝林.微波干燥技术的应用进展[J].河南化工,2002,28(4):1-3.GUO Sheng-li,ZHANG Bao-lin.Application and progress of the microwave drying technology[J].Henan Chemical Industry,2002,28(4):1-3.
[14]张宇瑞.土壤含水率和盐分对土壤电导率的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2005,5(4):39-41.ZHANG Yu-rui.Experimental survey for the effects of soil water content and soil salinity on soil electrical conductivity[J].Journal of China Agricultural University.2005,5(4):39-41.
[15]李成保,毛久庚.温度对土壤电导影响的初步研究[J].土壤通报,1989,43(2):62-65.LI Cheng-bao,MAO Jiu-geng.Research on the effect of temperature on soil's electric conductance[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1989,43(2):62-65.
[16]肖元真.国外微波炉开发现状及发展趋势[J].电子与自动化,1991,20(1):2-4.XIAO Yuan-zhen.The development present situation and developing trend of microwave oven in foreign[J].Electronics&Automation.1991,20(1):2-4.
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