Skeletonization技术及其在深地震反射剖面解释中的应用
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摘要
"深部探测技术与实验研究"(SINOPROBE)专项的启动揭开了中国"入地"计划的序幕.大规模的深地震反射剖面是该计划最重要的组成部分之一,如何从深地震反射剖面中获取更多有用的信息成为我们即将面临的重要课题.Skeletonization技术是西方国家在实施深部探测计划时发展的一项深地震剖面信息提取分析技术,对我们具有重要的借鉴意义.本文在研究前人工作的基础上,综述了Skeletonization技术的基本原理及其在国内外的发展,并在此基础上介绍了该技术在深地震反射剖面解释中的应用,最后结合我国刚刚启动的SINOPROBE计划对其进一步的发展进行了展望.
Large-scale deep seismic profiles are the most important component of project SINOPROBE, which is a new and ambitious scientific plan funded by the Chinese government to study the deep earth.How to acquire more useful information from those deep seismic profiles is a crucial problem we face.The seismic skeletonization method developed by several deep earth research groups from western countries (such as: COCORP, LITHOPROBE) gives us a solution to identify events and analyze attributes of deep seismic reflection profiles.In this paper, first we give a general review on the basicall theory and development of seismic skeletonization, and then we discuss how this method help us to interpret deep seismic reflection profiles.At last, we make a prospect about its development in SINOPROBE.
Large-scale deep seismic profiles are the most important component of project SINOPROBE, which is a new and ambitious scientific plan funded by the Chinese government to study the deep earth.How to acquire more useful information from those deep seismic profiles is a crucial problem we face.The seismic skeletonization method developed by several deep earth research groups from western countries (such as: COCORP, LITHOPROBE) gives us a solution to identify events and analyze attributes of deep seismic reflection profiles.In this paper, first we give a general review on the basicall theory and development of seismic skeletonization, and then we discuss how this method help us to interpret deep seismic reflection profiles.At last, we make a prospect about its development in SINOPROBE.
引文
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[4] 王海燕,高锐,薛爱民,等.适用于造山带深地震反射资料的动校正方法[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(4) :622～626．Wang H Y, Gao R, Xue A M, et al.A NMO method adapted to deep seismic reflection in orogenic belt[J].Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2006,36(4) : 622～626．
[5] Paulson K V, Merdler S C.Automatic seismic reflection picking[J].Geophysics, 1968,33 : 431～440．
[6] Schneider W A.Development in seismic data processing and analysis (1968～1970) [J].Geophysics,1971,36: 1034～1073．
[7] Tφdstheim D.Improved seismic discrimination using pattern recognition[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1978,16:85～108．
[8] Chen C H.Seismic pattern recognition[J].Geoexploration,1978,16:133～146．
[9] Liu H H, Fu K S.A syntactic pattern recognition approach to seismic discrimination[J].Geoexploration,1982, 20:183～196．
[10] Lu S Y.A string-to-string correlation algorithm for image skeletonization[C].Proc.International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1982,6 : 178 ～ 190．
[11] Cheng Y C, Lu S Y.The binary consistency checking scheme and its applications to seismic horizon detection[J].IEEE Trans.Pattern Analysis, 1989,11:439～447．
[12] Le L H, Nyland T E.Pattern analysis of seismic records[J].Geophysics, 1990,55 : 20～28．
[13] Li Q, Vasudevan K, Cook F A.Sesimic skeletonization: a new approach to interpretation of seismic reflectiondata[J].Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth), 1997, 102(B4) :8427～8445．
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[17] Vasudevan K., Eaton D, Cook F A.Seismic Skeletonization:A Useful Tool for Geophysical Data Analysis[J].Cseg Recorder, 2006,31(9) :36～42．
[18] Vasudevan K, Eaton D, Cook F A.Skeleton migration, A seismic interpretation tool[C].Cspg Cseg Cwls Convention,Calgary, 2008 : 650～653．
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[21] 郭良辉,孟小红,薛爱民.地震剖面线条化的一种简单算法[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2007,32(4) :545～548． Guo L H, Meng X H, Xue A M.A simple algorithm for seismic skeletonization[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007 , 32(4) : 545～548．
[22] Zhao W J, Nelson K D.Project INDEPTH Team.Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental under thrusting beneath southern Tibet[J].Nature.1993, 366:557～559．
[23] 高锐,肖序常,高弘.西昆仑-塔里木-天山岩石圈深地震探测综述[J].地质通报,2002,22(1) :11～18． Gao R, Xiao X C, Gao H.Summary of deep seismic probing of the lithospheric structure across the west Kunlun-Tarim-Tianshan[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 2002,22(1 ):11～18．
[24] 董树文,高锐,李秋生.大别山造山带前陆深地震反射剖面[J].地质学报,2005,79(5) :595～602． Dong S W, Gao R, Li Q S.A deep seismic reflection profile across a foreland of the Dabie Origen[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005, 79(5) : 595～602．
[25] 陈志德,杨文采,李玲.松辽盆地北部深反射地震χ~2分布处理及其深部地质特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6) :654～660.Chen Z D, Yang W C, Li L.χ~2 distribution processing of deep seismic reflection in north of Songliao basin and its deep geological feature[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2003,38(6) :654～660．
[26] Bondar I.Seismic horizon detection using image processing algorithms[J].Geophysical Prospecting, 1992,40:785～800．
[27] Gonzalez R C, Woods R E.Digital Image Processing (Second Edition)[M].Publishing house of electronics industry, 2002 :14～19．
[28] McMechan G A.Application of image enhancement and pattern recognition algorithms to seismic reflection data[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1983,73 (1) :307～314．
[29] 张丽莉,吴健生,王家林.图像处理在地球物理学中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3) :317～323． Zhang L L, Wu J S, Wang J L.Application of image processing techniques to geophysics[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2003,38(3) : 317 ～ 323．
[30] 高美娟,田景文,高兴友,等.利用边缘检测法检测地震反射同相轴[J].大庆石油学院学报,2000,24(3) :8～11． Gao M J, Tian J W, Gao X Y, et al.Detection of seismic reflection event by edge-detection[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute.2000,24 (3) : 8 ～ 11．
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[32] 李红星,刘财,陶春辉.图像边缘检测方法在地震剖面同相轴自动检测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1607～1610．Li H X, Liu C, Tao C H.The study of application of edge measuring technique to the detection of phase axis of the seismic section[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2007, 22 (5) :1607～1610．
[33] 陈学华,贺振华,黄德济.地震资料的高阶伪希尔伯特变换边缘检测[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1106～1110． Chen X H, He Z H, Huang D J.Seismic data edge detection based on higher-order pseudo Hilbert transform[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(4) :1106～1110．
[34] 高美娟,田景文,张淑华.利用人工神经网络方法检测地震剖面同相轴[J].物探与化探,2000,24(5) :353～357． Gao M J, Tian J W, Zhang S H.The application of artificial neural network technique to the detection of phase axis of the seismic section[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2000,24(5) : 353～357．
[35] 姚姚.用人工神经网络实现同相轴自动拾取[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(1) :111～116． Yao Y.Automatic seismic event Pick up using artificial nerve network[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 1994, 29(1) : 111～116．
[36] 安鸿伟,纪大庆.混沌优化神经网络方法及其在地震多属性研究中的应用[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(4) :233～235．An H W, Ji D Q.A method of chaos optimization neural network and its application in multi attribute seismic research[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(4) :233～235．
[37] 陆文凯,牟永光.用自组织神经网络实现地震同相轴自动追踪[J].石油物探,1998,37(1) :77～83． Lu W K, Mou Y G.Seismic event automatic tracking using self-organizing neural network[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 1998 ,37(1) :77～83．
[38] 周冠雄,胡志成.地震剖面同相轴的AR自动追踪方法[J].自动化学报,1991,17(3) :359～362． Zhou G X, Hu Z C.An AR-method for automatically tracking sync-phase axis of the seismic cross-section graph[J].Acta Automatica Sinica, 1991,17(3) :359～362．
[39] 杨立强,郝天珧,宋海斌,等.应用小波变换和C3相干算法检测地震剖面同相轴[J].物探化探计算技术,2004,26(4) :302～305．Yang L Q, Hao T Y, Song H B, et al.Seismic event detection based on wavelet transform and C3 coherence algorithm[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2004, 26 (4) : 302 ～ 305．
[40] 赵雪平,李月,杨宝俊.用于检测同相轴的Duffing型系统恢复力项的讨论[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :61～69． Zhao X P, Li Y, Yang B J.The discussion to the resilience items in the duffing type system used for detecting events[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2006,21 (1) : 61 ～ 69．
[41] 段俊.关于地震属性的认识与研究[J].科技信息(科学教研),2008,25:360,395～396． Duan J.Understanding and research of the seismic attributes[J].Science & Technology Information, 2008,25 : 360,395～396．
[42] Barnes A E.Seismic Attributes in Your Facies[J].CSEG Recorder, 2001,26 (7) : 41～47．
[43] Chopra S, Marfurt K.Seismic Attributes-a promising aid for geologic prediction[J].CSEG Recorder, 2006, 31(Special), 110～121．
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[2] 王海燕,高锐,卢占武,等.地球深部探测的先锋-深地震反射方法的发展与应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(1) :7～13． Wang H Y, Gao R, Lu Z W, et al.Precursor of detecting the interior earth: development and applications of deep seismic reflection[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2006,29(1) :7～13．
[3] 王海燕,高锐,马永生,等.青藏高原东北缘盆山结合部位深反射资料处理方法与初步地质认识[J].中国地质,2007,34(1) :142～148．Wang H Y, Gao R, Ma Y S, et al.Processing method of deep seismic reflection data from the basin-range junction zone on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and preliminary geological understanding[J].Geology In China,2007,34(1) :142～148．
[4] 王海燕,高锐,薛爱民,等.适用于造山带深地震反射资料的动校正方法[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(4) :622～626．Wang H Y, Gao R, Xue A M, et al.A NMO method adapted to deep seismic reflection in orogenic belt[J].Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2006,36(4) : 622～626．
[5] Paulson K V, Merdler S C.Automatic seismic reflection picking[J].Geophysics, 1968,33 : 431～440．
[6] Schneider W A.Development in seismic data processing and analysis (1968～1970) [J].Geophysics,1971,36: 1034～1073．
[7] Tφdstheim D.Improved seismic discrimination using pattern recognition[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1978,16:85～108．
[8] Chen C H.Seismic pattern recognition[J].Geoexploration,1978,16:133～146．
[9] Liu H H, Fu K S.A syntactic pattern recognition approach to seismic discrimination[J].Geoexploration,1982, 20:183～196．
[10] Lu S Y.A string-to-string correlation algorithm for image skeletonization[C].Proc.International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1982,6 : 178 ～ 190．
[11] Cheng Y C, Lu S Y.The binary consistency checking scheme and its applications to seismic horizon detection[J].IEEE Trans.Pattern Analysis, 1989,11:439～447．
[12] Le L H, Nyland T E.Pattern analysis of seismic records[J].Geophysics, 1990,55 : 20～28．
[13] Li Q, Vasudevan K, Cook F A.Sesimic skeletonization: a new approach to interpretation of seismic reflectiondata[J].Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth), 1997, 102(B4) :8427～8445．
[14] Lu S Y, Cheng Y C.An iterative approach to seismic skeletonization[J].Geophysics, 1990,55 : 1312～1320．
[15] Eaton D, Vasudevan K.Skeletonization of aero-magnetic data[J].Geophysics, 2004,69(2) :478～488．
[16] Vasudevan K, Eaton D, Cook F A.Adaptation of seismic skeletonization for other geosciences applications[J].Geophysical Journal International,2005,161:975～993．
[17] Vasudevan K., Eaton D, Cook F A.Seismic Skeletonization:A Useful Tool for Geophysical Data Analysis[J].Cseg Recorder, 2006,31(9) :36～42．
[18] Vasudevan K, Eaton D, Cook F A.Skeleton migration, A seismic interpretation tool[C].Cspg Cseg Cwls Convention,Calgary, 2008 : 650～653．
[19] 许建华,王世库,赵廷寿.用链匹配方法自动拾取同相轴[J].石油物探,1990,29(2) ,13～23． XU J H, Wang S K, Zhao T S.Picking up the events automatically by chain matching algorithm[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum,1990,29(2) :13～23．
[20] 董恩清,朱光明,吴文奎.应用模式识别自动追踪地震剖面同相轴[J].西安石油学院学报,1998,13(2) :12～16． Dong E Q, Zhu G M, Wu W K.Application of pattern recognition to automatically tracting seismic profile events[J].J.of Xi'an Petro.Inst, 1998,13(2) :12～16．
[21] 郭良辉,孟小红,薛爱民.地震剖面线条化的一种简单算法[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2007,32(4) :545～548． Guo L H, Meng X H, Xue A M.A simple algorithm for seismic skeletonization[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007 , 32(4) : 545～548．
[22] Zhao W J, Nelson K D.Project INDEPTH Team.Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental under thrusting beneath southern Tibet[J].Nature.1993, 366:557～559．
[23] 高锐,肖序常,高弘.西昆仑-塔里木-天山岩石圈深地震探测综述[J].地质通报,2002,22(1) :11～18． Gao R, Xiao X C, Gao H.Summary of deep seismic probing of the lithospheric structure across the west Kunlun-Tarim-Tianshan[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 2002,22(1 ):11～18．
[24] 董树文,高锐,李秋生.大别山造山带前陆深地震反射剖面[J].地质学报,2005,79(5) :595～602． Dong S W, Gao R, Li Q S.A deep seismic reflection profile across a foreland of the Dabie Origen[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005, 79(5) : 595～602．
[25] 陈志德,杨文采,李玲.松辽盆地北部深反射地震χ~2分布处理及其深部地质特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6) :654～660.Chen Z D, Yang W C, Li L.χ~2 distribution processing of deep seismic reflection in north of Songliao basin and its deep geological feature[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2003,38(6) :654～660．
[26] Bondar I.Seismic horizon detection using image processing algorithms[J].Geophysical Prospecting, 1992,40:785～800．
[27] Gonzalez R C, Woods R E.Digital Image Processing (Second Edition)[M].Publishing house of electronics industry, 2002 :14～19．
[28] McMechan G A.Application of image enhancement and pattern recognition algorithms to seismic reflection data[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1983,73 (1) :307～314．
[29] 张丽莉,吴健生,王家林.图像处理在地球物理学中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3) :317～323． Zhang L L, Wu J S, Wang J L.Application of image processing techniques to geophysics[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2003,38(3) : 317 ～ 323．
[30] 高美娟,田景文,高兴友,等.利用边缘检测法检测地震反射同相轴[J].大庆石油学院学报,2000,24(3) :8～11． Gao M J, Tian J W, Gao X Y, et al.Detection of seismic reflection event by edge-detection[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute.2000,24 (3) : 8 ～ 11．
[31] Luo Y,等.利用三维地震资料进行边缘检测和地层分析[J].国外地质勘探技术,1997,4:7～10． Luo Y, et al.Edge detect and stratigraphy analyze for 3D seismic profile[J].Foreign Geological Prospect technology,1997, 4:7～10．
[32] 李红星,刘财,陶春辉.图像边缘检测方法在地震剖面同相轴自动检测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1607～1610．Li H X, Liu C, Tao C H.The study of application of edge measuring technique to the detection of phase axis of the seismic section[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2007, 22 (5) :1607～1610．
[33] 陈学华,贺振华,黄德济.地震资料的高阶伪希尔伯特变换边缘检测[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4) :1106～1110． Chen X H, He Z H, Huang D J.Seismic data edge detection based on higher-order pseudo Hilbert transform[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(4) :1106～1110．
[34] 高美娟,田景文,张淑华.利用人工神经网络方法检测地震剖面同相轴[J].物探与化探,2000,24(5) :353～357． Gao M J, Tian J W, Zhang S H.The application of artificial neural network technique to the detection of phase axis of the seismic section[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2000,24(5) : 353～357．
[35] 姚姚.用人工神经网络实现同相轴自动拾取[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(1) :111～116． Yao Y.Automatic seismic event Pick up using artificial nerve network[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 1994, 29(1) : 111～116．
[36] 安鸿伟,纪大庆.混沌优化神经网络方法及其在地震多属性研究中的应用[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(4) :233～235．An H W, Ji D Q.A method of chaos optimization neural network and its application in multi attribute seismic research[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(4) :233～235．
[37] 陆文凯,牟永光.用自组织神经网络实现地震同相轴自动追踪[J].石油物探,1998,37(1) :77～83． Lu W K, Mou Y G.Seismic event automatic tracking using self-organizing neural network[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 1998 ,37(1) :77～83．
[38] 周冠雄,胡志成.地震剖面同相轴的AR自动追踪方法[J].自动化学报,1991,17(3) :359～362． Zhou G X, Hu Z C.An AR-method for automatically tracking sync-phase axis of the seismic cross-section graph[J].Acta Automatica Sinica, 1991,17(3) :359～362．
[39] 杨立强,郝天珧,宋海斌,等.应用小波变换和C3相干算法检测地震剖面同相轴[J].物探化探计算技术,2004,26(4) :302～305．Yang L Q, Hao T Y, Song H B, et al.Seismic event detection based on wavelet transform and C3 coherence algorithm[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2004, 26 (4) : 302 ～ 305．
[40] 赵雪平,李月,杨宝俊.用于检测同相轴的Duffing型系统恢复力项的讨论[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :61～69． Zhao X P, Li Y, Yang B J.The discussion to the resilience items in the duffing type system used for detecting events[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2006,21 (1) : 61 ～ 69．
[41] 段俊.关于地震属性的认识与研究[J].科技信息(科学教研),2008,25:360,395～396． Duan J.Understanding and research of the seismic attributes[J].Science & Technology Information, 2008,25 : 360,395～396．
[42] Barnes A E.Seismic Attributes in Your Facies[J].CSEG Recorder, 2001,26 (7) : 41～47．
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