提高煤矿微震定位精度的台网优化布置算法
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摘要
针对大规模台网布置组合优化问题,建立台网优化布置目标函数,提出包括模型数据准备模块、遗传算法求解模块和台网布置方案定位能力评价模块的微震台网布置方案求解模型。模型数据准备模块中,首先根据综合指数法和台站候选点确定原则为遗传算法求解模型提供初始参数,然后由评价模块对求解的最优方案进行定位能力评价。遗传算法求解模块中采用入选候选点在前,落选候选点在后的台网布置方案自然数编码个体表达形式,结合创建的用于保证监测小能量震动的惩罚函数,构建台网布置方案个体的适应度函数。为防止算法过早收敛,使用混合交叉和变异操作算子,规定交叉和变异范围必须包括入选候选点,以提高算法效率。试验和现场应用结果表明,该算法能够快速找到最优解,且计算时间不随组合方案规模的增加而显著增加。数值评价技术可验证采用该算法求解的台网布置方案较优,显著降低重点监测区域内的震源定位误差,其最大值降幅达230 m。
For optimizing the large-scale network configuration of combinatorial optimization problem,a model,including the blocks of input data preparation,genetic algorithm and location capability assessment of network,is constructed to solve the establishment of optimal objective function of microseismic network layout.First,initial parameters are provided to genetic algorithm by the data preparation block based on the comprehensive index method and the general principle of choosing candidate points;and then the locating ability of the obtained solution is evaluated by the assessment block.In the block of genetic algorithm,natural number coding method is utilized to express the individual of microseismic network layout,in which winning candidates are in front of the losing to keep more information.Combining with the created penalty function,which is used to guarantee the capability of monitoring and recording weak tremor,the individual fitness function is built to evaluate the performance of network.In order to prevent the premature convergence of algorithm,crossover and mutation operators are mixed and operated in the range of containing winning candidates to increase computing efficiency.The application results from on-site and experiment show that,the genetic algorithm can quickly find the best solution and its computing time does not increase significantly with the expansion of combination.The network configuration solved by the genetic algorithm is better than the layout used currently,which is demonstrated by the numerical emulation technique,and significantly decrease the hypocenter location errors in the key monitoring areas;and the maximal reduction of location errors reach to 230 m.
For optimizing the large-scale network configuration of combinatorial optimization problem,a model,including the blocks of input data preparation,genetic algorithm and location capability assessment of network,is constructed to solve the establishment of optimal objective function of microseismic network layout.First,initial parameters are provided to genetic algorithm by the data preparation block based on the comprehensive index method and the general principle of choosing candidate points;and then the locating ability of the obtained solution is evaluated by the assessment block.In the block of genetic algorithm,natural number coding method is utilized to express the individual of microseismic network layout,in which winning candidates are in front of the losing to keep more information.Combining with the created penalty function,which is used to guarantee the capability of monitoring and recording weak tremor,the individual fitness function is built to evaluate the performance of network.In order to prevent the premature convergence of algorithm,crossover and mutation operators are mixed and operated in the range of containing winning candidates to increase computing efficiency.The application results from on-site and experiment show that,the genetic algorithm can quickly find the best solution and its computing time does not increase significantly with the expansion of combination.The network configuration solved by the genetic algorithm is better than the layout used currently,which is demonstrated by the numerical emulation technique,and significantly decrease the hypocenter location errors in the key monitoring areas;and the maximal reduction of location errors reach to 230 m.
引文
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[4]窦林名,王云海,何学秋,等.煤样变形破坏峰值前后电磁辐射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):908–914.(DOULinming,WANG Yunhai,HE Xueqiu,et al.Study of electromagneticemission characteristic for coal sample deformation and failure duringpre-and post-peaking phases[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2007,26(5):908–914.(in Chinese))
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[6]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1 511–1 516.(JIANG Fuxing,YANGShuhua,CHENG Yunhai,et al.A study of microseismic monitoring ofrock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1 511–1 516.(in Chinese))
[7]姜福兴,XUN L.微震监测技术在矿井岩层破裂监测中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):147–149.(JIANG Fuxing,XUN L.Application of microseismic monitoring technology of strata fracturing inunderground coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):147–149.(in Chinese))
[8]姜福兴,XUN L,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23–25.(JIANG Fuxing,XUN L,YANG Shuhua.Study on microseismic monitoring for spatialstructure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwallface[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23–25.(in Chinese))
[9]姜福兴,杨淑华,XUN L.微地震监测揭示的采场围岩空间破裂形态[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4):357–360.(JIANG Fuxing,YANGShuhua,XUN L.Spatial fracturing progresses of surrounding rockmasses in longwall face monitored by microseismic monitoringtechniques[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(4):357–360.(in Chinese))
[10]潘一山,赵扬锋,官福海,等.矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1 002–1 011.(PAN Yishan,ZHAO Yangfeng,GUAN Fuhai,et al.Study of rockburst monitoringand orientation system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1 002–1 011.(in Chinese))
[11]邓志刚,任勇,毛德兵,等.波兰EMAG矿压监测系统功能及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,36(10):1–4.(DENG Zhigang,RENYong,MAO Debing,et al.Function and application of Polish EMAGmine strata pressure monitoring and measurement system[J].CoalScience and Technology,2008,36(10):1–4.(in Chinese))
[12]贺虎,窦林名,巩思园,等.覆岩关键层运动诱发冲击的规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1 260–1 265.(HE Hu,DOULinming,GONG Siyuan,et al.Rock burst rules induced by cracking ofoverlying key stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(8):1 260–1 265.(in Chinese))
[13]陆菜平,窦林名,郭晓强,等.顶板岩层破断诱发矿震的频谱特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):1 017–1 021.(LUCaiping,DOU Linming,GUO Xiaoqiang,et al.Frequency-spectrumcharacters of microseismic signals induced by roof stratum fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):1 017–1 021.(in Chinese))
[14]李志华,窦林名,管向清,等.矿震前兆分区监测方法及应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(5):614–618.(LI Zhihua,DOU Linming,GUANXiangqing,et al.A zoning monitoring method of microseismicpremonition and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(5):614–618.(in Chinese))
[15]张明伟,窦林名,王占成,等.深井SOS微震监测系统建设与应用[J].煤矿开采,2010,15(2):16–20.(ZHANG Mingwei,DOULinming,WANG Zhancheng,et al.Construction and application ofSOS microseismic monitoring system in deep mine[J].Coal MiningTechnology,2010,15(2):16–20.(in Chinese))
[16]巩思园,窦林名,曹安业,等.煤矿微震监测台网优化布设研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):457–465.(GONG Siyuan,DOULinming,CAO Anye,et al.Study of optimal configuration of seismologicalobservation network for coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(2):457–465.(in Chinese))
[17]巩思园,窦林名,马小平,等.提高煤矿微震定位精度的最优通道个数选取研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2 017–2 021.(GONGSiyuan,DOU Linming,MA Xiaoping,et al.The method to identifythe optimal channel numbers for increasing the location accuracy ofmicroseismic events in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2 017–2 021.(in Chinese))
[18]KIJKO A.An algorithm for the optimum distribution of a regionalseismic network-I[J].Pageoph,1977,115(4):999–1 009.
[19]KIJKO A.An algorithm for the optimum distribution of a regionalseismic network-II:an analysis of the accuracy of location of localearthquakes depending on the number of seismic stations[J].Pageoph,1977,115(4):1 011–1 021.
[20]MENDECKI A J.Seismic monitoring in mines[M].London:Chapmanand Hall Press,1997:100–107.
[21]唐礼忠,杨承祥,潘长良.大规模深井开采微震监测系统站网布置优化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2 036–2 042.(TANGLizhong,YANG Chengxiang,PAN Changliang.Optimization ofmicroseiismic monitoring network for large-scale deep well mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2 036–2 042.(in Chinese))
[22]RABINOWITZ N,STEINBERG D M.Optimal configuration of aseismographic network:a statistical approach[J].Bulletin of theSeismological Society of America,1990,80(1):187–196.
[23]玄光男,程润伟.遗传算法与工程优化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:1–40.(XUAN Guangnan,CHENG Runwei.Geneticalgorithms and engineering optimization[M].Beijing:Tsinghua UniversityPress,2004:1–40.(in Chinese))
[24]周明,孙树栋.遗传算法原理及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999:51–58.(ZHOU Ming,SUN Shudong.Genetic algorithms:theory and applications[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1999:51–58.(in Chinese))
[2]齐庆新,窦林名.冲击地压理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008:1–8.(QI Qingxin,DOU Linming.Theory andtechnology of rockburst[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining andTechnology Press,2008:1–8.(in Chinese))
[3]窦林名,田京城,陆菜平,等.组合煤岩冲击破坏电磁辐射规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3 541–3 544.(DOULinming,TIAN Jingcheng,LU Caiping,et al.Research on electromagneticradiation rules of composed coal-rock burst failure[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3 541–3 544.(inChinese))
[4]窦林名,王云海,何学秋,等.煤样变形破坏峰值前后电磁辐射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):908–914.(DOULinming,WANG Yunhai,HE Xueqiu,et al.Study of electromagneticemission characteristic for coal sample deformation and failure duringpre-and post-peaking phases[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2007,26(5):908–914.(in Chinese))
[5]窦林名,何学秋.煤矿冲击矿压的分级预测研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(6):717–722.(DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu.Techniqueof classification forecasting rock burst in coal mines[J].Journal ofChina University of Mining and Technology,2007,36(6):717–722.(in Chinese))
[6]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1 511–1 516.(JIANG Fuxing,YANGShuhua,CHENG Yunhai,et al.A study of microseismic monitoring ofrock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1 511–1 516.(in Chinese))
[7]姜福兴,XUN L.微震监测技术在矿井岩层破裂监测中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):147–149.(JIANG Fuxing,XUN L.Application of microseismic monitoring technology of strata fracturing inunderground coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):147–149.(in Chinese))
[8]姜福兴,XUN L,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23–25.(JIANG Fuxing,XUN L,YANG Shuhua.Study on microseismic monitoring for spatialstructure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwallface[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23–25.(in Chinese))
[9]姜福兴,杨淑华,XUN L.微地震监测揭示的采场围岩空间破裂形态[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4):357–360.(JIANG Fuxing,YANGShuhua,XUN L.Spatial fracturing progresses of surrounding rockmasses in longwall face monitored by microseismic monitoringtechniques[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(4):357–360.(in Chinese))
[10]潘一山,赵扬锋,官福海,等.矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1 002–1 011.(PAN Yishan,ZHAO Yangfeng,GUAN Fuhai,et al.Study of rockburst monitoringand orientation system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1 002–1 011.(in Chinese))
[11]邓志刚,任勇,毛德兵,等.波兰EMAG矿压监测系统功能及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,36(10):1–4.(DENG Zhigang,RENYong,MAO Debing,et al.Function and application of Polish EMAGmine strata pressure monitoring and measurement system[J].CoalScience and Technology,2008,36(10):1–4.(in Chinese))
[12]贺虎,窦林名,巩思园,等.覆岩关键层运动诱发冲击的规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1 260–1 265.(HE Hu,DOULinming,GONG Siyuan,et al.Rock burst rules induced by cracking ofoverlying key stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(8):1 260–1 265.(in Chinese))
[13]陆菜平,窦林名,郭晓强,等.顶板岩层破断诱发矿震的频谱特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):1 017–1 021.(LUCaiping,DOU Linming,GUO Xiaoqiang,et al.Frequency-spectrumcharacters of microseismic signals induced by roof stratum fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):1 017–1 021.(in Chinese))
[14]李志华,窦林名,管向清,等.矿震前兆分区监测方法及应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(5):614–618.(LI Zhihua,DOU Linming,GUANXiangqing,et al.A zoning monitoring method of microseismicpremonition and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(5):614–618.(in Chinese))
[15]张明伟,窦林名,王占成,等.深井SOS微震监测系统建设与应用[J].煤矿开采,2010,15(2):16–20.(ZHANG Mingwei,DOULinming,WANG Zhancheng,et al.Construction and application ofSOS microseismic monitoring system in deep mine[J].Coal MiningTechnology,2010,15(2):16–20.(in Chinese))
[16]巩思园,窦林名,曹安业,等.煤矿微震监测台网优化布设研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):457–465.(GONG Siyuan,DOULinming,CAO Anye,et al.Study of optimal configuration of seismologicalobservation network for coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(2):457–465.(in Chinese))
[17]巩思园,窦林名,马小平,等.提高煤矿微震定位精度的最优通道个数选取研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2 017–2 021.(GONGSiyuan,DOU Linming,MA Xiaoping,et al.The method to identifythe optimal channel numbers for increasing the location accuracy ofmicroseismic events in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2 017–2 021.(in Chinese))
[18]KIJKO A.An algorithm for the optimum distribution of a regionalseismic network-I[J].Pageoph,1977,115(4):999–1 009.
[19]KIJKO A.An algorithm for the optimum distribution of a regionalseismic network-II:an analysis of the accuracy of location of localearthquakes depending on the number of seismic stations[J].Pageoph,1977,115(4):1 011–1 021.
[20]MENDECKI A J.Seismic monitoring in mines[M].London:Chapmanand Hall Press,1997:100–107.
[21]唐礼忠,杨承祥,潘长良.大规模深井开采微震监测系统站网布置优化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2 036–2 042.(TANGLizhong,YANG Chengxiang,PAN Changliang.Optimization ofmicroseiismic monitoring network for large-scale deep well mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2 036–2 042.(in Chinese))
[22]RABINOWITZ N,STEINBERG D M.Optimal configuration of aseismographic network:a statistical approach[J].Bulletin of theSeismological Society of America,1990,80(1):187–196.
[23]玄光男,程润伟.遗传算法与工程优化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:1–40.(XUAN Guangnan,CHENG Runwei.Geneticalgorithms and engineering optimization[M].Beijing:Tsinghua UniversityPress,2004:1–40.(in Chinese))
[24]周明,孙树栋.遗传算法原理及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999:51–58.(ZHOU Ming,SUN Shudong.Genetic algorithms:theory and applications[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1999:51–58.(in Chinese))
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