几种溃坝模型在溃决洪水模拟中的适用性比较
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摘要
使用一维溃坝模型对唐家山堰塞湖溃决过程进行模拟,研究了推移质公式和边岸侵蚀模型对模拟结果的影响。溃决洪水流量过程线、溃口展宽过程和床面冲刷过程的对比表明,Meyer-Peter&Muller公式在描述漫顶溃坝初始阶段时存在计算冲刷偏小的现象,其可能原因是输沙率与Shields数的高阶(1.5次)非线性关系。本文的比较结果,有助于提高溃坝条件下推移质公式和边岸模型适用性的认识。
The breaching process of Tangjiashan barrier dam was simulated to examine the applicability of simulation models. Two bed-load transport formulae and bank-erosion models were examined. The dam-break flow hydrograph, breach widening process, and bed erosion process were computed. It was found that the Meyer-Peter & Muller formula underestimates the erosion rate at the beginning of dam breaching. This is ascribed to the nonlinear relationship between the bed load transport rate and the Shields number. This examination contributes to improve our understanding of the capabilities of various bed-load transport formulations and bank erosion models in dam-break modeling. Examination against more field or experimental data will be desired.
The breaching process of Tangjiashan barrier dam was simulated to examine the applicability of simulation models. Two bed-load transport formulae and bank-erosion models were examined. The dam-break flow hydrograph, breach widening process, and bed erosion process were computed. It was found that the Meyer-Peter & Muller formula underestimates the erosion rate at the beginning of dam breaching. This is ascribed to the nonlinear relationship between the bed load transport rate and the Shields number. This examination contributes to improve our understanding of the capabilities of various bed-load transport formulations and bank erosion models in dam-break modeling. Examination against more field or experimental data will be desired.
引文
[ 1 ]王兆印,崔鹏,刘怀湘.汶川地震引发的山地灾害以及堰塞湖的管理方略[ J ].水利学报,2010,41 ( 7 ): 757-763.
[ 2 ] Singh V P.Dam breach modeling technology [ M ].Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers,1996.
[ 3 ] Wahl T L.Prediction of embankment dam breach parameters : a literature review and needs assessment [ R ].Dam safety research report DSO-98-004,US Bureau of Reclamation,1998.
[ 4 ]朱勇辉,廖鸿志,吴中如.土坝溃决模型及其发展[ J ].水力发电学报,2003 ( 2 ): 31-38.
[ 5 ] Wang G Q,Liu F,Fu X D,et al.Simulation of dam breach development for emergency treatment of the Tangji ashan Quake Lake in China [ J ].Science in China Sries E-Technological Sciences,2008,51 ( 2 ): 82-94.
[ 6 ]傅旭东,刘帆,马宏博,等.基于物理模型的唐家山堰塞湖溃决过程模拟[ J ].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010 ( 12 ): 1910-1914.
[ 7 ] Liu F,Fu X D,Wang G Q,et al.Physically based simulation of dam breach development for Tangjiashan Quake Dam,China [ J ].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,65 ( 4 ): 1081-1094.
[ 8 ] Wong M,Parker G.Reanalysis and correction of bed-Load relation of Meyer-Peter and Mueller using their own database [ J ].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,132 ( 11 ): 1159-1158.
[ 9 ] Wu W M.Depth-averaged two-dimensional numerical modeling of unsteady flow and nonuniform sediment trans port in open channels [ J ].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,130 ( 10 ): 1013-1024.
[ 10 ] Wu W M.Computational River Dynamics [ M ].London : Taylor & Francis Group,2008.
[ 11 ] Osman A M,Thorne C R.Riverbank stability analysis.Ⅰ: Theory [ J ].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1988,114 ( 2 ): 134-150.
[ 12 ] Cantelli A,Wong M,Parker G,et al.Numerical model linking bed and bank evolution of incisional channel creat ed by dam removal [ J ].Water Resources Research,2007,43 ( 7 ).
[ 13 ]陈晓清,崔鹏,赵万玉,等.“5·12”汶川地震堰塞湖应急处置措施的讨论——以唐家山堰塞湖为例[ J ].山地学报,2010 ( 3 ): 350-357.
[ 14 ] Huang H Q.Reformulation of the bed load equation of Meyer-Peter and Mueller in light of the linearity theory for alluvial channel flow [ J ].Water Resources Research,2010,46.
[ 15 ] Cao Z X,Yue Z Y,Pender G.Landslide dam failure and flood hydraulics.PartⅡ: coupled mathematical model ing [ J ].Natural Hazards,2011,59 ( 2 ): 1021-1045.
[ 2 ] Singh V P.Dam breach modeling technology [ M ].Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers,1996.
[ 3 ] Wahl T L.Prediction of embankment dam breach parameters : a literature review and needs assessment [ R ].Dam safety research report DSO-98-004,US Bureau of Reclamation,1998.
[ 4 ]朱勇辉,廖鸿志,吴中如.土坝溃决模型及其发展[ J ].水力发电学报,2003 ( 2 ): 31-38.
[ 5 ] Wang G Q,Liu F,Fu X D,et al.Simulation of dam breach development for emergency treatment of the Tangji ashan Quake Lake in China [ J ].Science in China Sries E-Technological Sciences,2008,51 ( 2 ): 82-94.
[ 6 ]傅旭东,刘帆,马宏博,等.基于物理模型的唐家山堰塞湖溃决过程模拟[ J ].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010 ( 12 ): 1910-1914.
[ 7 ] Liu F,Fu X D,Wang G Q,et al.Physically based simulation of dam breach development for Tangjiashan Quake Dam,China [ J ].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,65 ( 4 ): 1081-1094.
[ 8 ] Wong M,Parker G.Reanalysis and correction of bed-Load relation of Meyer-Peter and Mueller using their own database [ J ].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,132 ( 11 ): 1159-1158.
[ 9 ] Wu W M.Depth-averaged two-dimensional numerical modeling of unsteady flow and nonuniform sediment trans port in open channels [ J ].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,130 ( 10 ): 1013-1024.
[ 10 ] Wu W M.Computational River Dynamics [ M ].London : Taylor & Francis Group,2008.
[ 11 ] Osman A M,Thorne C R.Riverbank stability analysis.Ⅰ: Theory [ J ].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1988,114 ( 2 ): 134-150.
[ 12 ] Cantelli A,Wong M,Parker G,et al.Numerical model linking bed and bank evolution of incisional channel creat ed by dam removal [ J ].Water Resources Research,2007,43 ( 7 ).
[ 13 ]陈晓清,崔鹏,赵万玉,等.“5·12”汶川地震堰塞湖应急处置措施的讨论——以唐家山堰塞湖为例[ J ].山地学报,2010 ( 3 ): 350-357.
[ 14 ] Huang H Q.Reformulation of the bed load equation of Meyer-Peter and Mueller in light of the linearity theory for alluvial channel flow [ J ].Water Resources Research,2010,46.
[ 15 ] Cao Z X,Yue Z Y,Pender G.Landslide dam failure and flood hydraulics.PartⅡ: coupled mathematical model ing [ J ].Natural Hazards,2011,59 ( 2 ): 1021-1045.
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