煤柱型冲击地压微震信号分布特征及前兆信息判别
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摘要
利用微震监测系统,采集平煤十一矿3次煤柱型冲击地压发生前后的微震信号,分析3次冲击地压期间微震信号的时序特征,并利用FFT方法、分形几何原理研究微震信号的频谱特征和分布变化规律。得到如下结论:(1)煤柱形冲击地压发生前均有一段明显的微震活跃期,表明围岩系统正与外界交换能量,围岩结构处于非稳态的调整期,冲击地压为当次调整期中能量最大的震动,冲击地压发生后,微震活动程度明显下降,出现震后平静期。(2)冲击地压的主震信号20 Hz以下低频成分占比例较多,波形图中尾波明显且持续时间长,震动能量级别较大。(3)冲击地压前震主要频谱成分集中在40～100 Hz,前震发生时间距离主震越近,低频成分越多。(4)微震事件分维值在大的震动(矿震或冲击地压)发生前会持续下降,在大震临近时会降到某个临界值以下。上述规律对确定预测冲击地压的预警指标以及对提高冲击危险程度判别的准确性具有重要意义。
Using seismic monitoring system,abundant microseismic signals are collected during the period of three pillar type rockburst occurs in No.11 mine of Pingmei group.The time sequence of microseismic signal in this period is obtained and the frequency spectrum and spatial distribution are analyzed by fast Fourier transformation(FFT) algorithm and fractal theory.The achieved results are as follows.(1) An obviously active phase occurred before the pillar-type rockburst happens.It is indicates that the surrounding rock mass system is in an energy releasing process and is unsteady because it is in adjustment phase.The occurring of rockburst is the greatest energy shock in this phase;and after the rockburst,the activity of microseism descends obviously which means that the calm phase after shock is starting.(2) The amplitude of the principal seism in rockburst is greater and it has distinct and extended trailing wave.In the frequency spectrum of principal seism,frequency below 20 Hz takes up considerable ratio.(3) Frequencies of the foreshocks mainly concentrate upon 40–100 Hz.The foreshock contains more low frequency components when it happens closer to the principal seism.(4) The fractal dimension values of microseismic events would decrease continuously before the big seism happens and they totally decrease to a critical value when the big seism approaches.The above achievements will be valuable for confirming warning index for rockburst prediction and enhancing discriminating the danger level of dynamic disaster.
Using seismic monitoring system,abundant microseismic signals are collected during the period of three pillar type rockburst occurs in No.11 mine of Pingmei group.The time sequence of microseismic signal in this period is obtained and the frequency spectrum and spatial distribution are analyzed by fast Fourier transformation(FFT) algorithm and fractal theory.The achieved results are as follows.(1) An obviously active phase occurred before the pillar-type rockburst happens.It is indicates that the surrounding rock mass system is in an energy releasing process and is unsteady because it is in adjustment phase.The occurring of rockburst is the greatest energy shock in this phase;and after the rockburst,the activity of microseism descends obviously which means that the calm phase after shock is starting.(2) The amplitude of the principal seism in rockburst is greater and it has distinct and extended trailing wave.In the frequency spectrum of principal seism,frequency below 20 Hz takes up considerable ratio.(3) Frequencies of the foreshocks mainly concentrate upon 40–100 Hz.The foreshock contains more low frequency components when it happens closer to the principal seism.(4) The fractal dimension values of microseismic events would decrease continuously before the big seism happens and they totally decrease to a critical value when the big seism approaches.The above achievements will be valuable for confirming warning index for rockburst prediction and enhancing discriminating the danger level of dynamic disaster.
引文
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[15]KENNETH J F.分形几何中的技巧[M].曾文曲,王向阳,陆夷译.沈阳:东北大学出版社,1999:61–62.(KENNETH J F.Techniques in fractal[M].Translated by ZENG Wenqu,WANGXiangyang,LU Yi.Shenyang:Northeastern University Press,1999:61–62.(in Chinese))
[16]谢和平.分形–岩石力学导论[M]北京:科学出版社,1996:155–167.(XIE Heping.Introduction to fractals-rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1996:155–167.(in Chinese))
[2]LI T,CAI M F,CAI M.A review of mining-induced seismicity inChina[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences,2007,44(8):1 149–1 171.
[3]潘立友,张立俊,刘先贵.冲击地压预测与防治实用技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006:1–3.(PAN Liyou,ZHANG Lijun,LIU Xiangui.Practical technology of prediction and prevention forrockburst[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and TechnologyPress,2006:1–3.(in Chinese))
[4]杨志国,于润沧,郭然,等.基于微震监测技术的矿山高应力区采动研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增2):3 632–3 638.(YANG Zhiguo,YU Runcang,GUO Ran,et al.Research ofmining based on microseismic monitoring technology in high-stressarea[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.2):3 632–3 638.(in Chinese))
[5]唐绍辉,潘懿,黄英华,等.深井矿山地压灾害微震监测技术应用研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2009,28(增2):3 597–3 603.(TANG Shaohui,PAN Yi,HAUANG Yinghua,et al.Applicationresearch of micro-seismic monitoring technology to geostresshazards in deep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(Supp.2):3 597–3 603.(in Chinese))
[6]GE M C.Efficient mine microseismic monitoring[J].InternationalJournal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1-2):44–56.
[7]YANG C X,LUO Z Q,HU G B,et al.Application of a microseismicmonitoring system in deep mining[J].Journal of University of Scienceand Technology Beijing,Mineral,Metallurgy,Material,2007,14(1):6–8.
[8]夏永学,潘俊锋,王元杰,等.基于高精度微震监测的煤岩破裂与应力分布特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(2):239–243.(XIAYongxue,PAN Junfeng,WANG Yuanjie,et al.Study of rule ofsurrounding rock failure and stress distribution based on high-precision microseismic monitoring[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(2):239–243.(in Chinese))
[9]窦林名,何学秋.采矿地球物理学[M].北京:中国科学文化出版社,2002:54–80.(DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu.Geophysics ofmining[M].Beijing:China Science and Culture Press,2002:54–80.(in Chinese))
[10]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1 511–1 516.(JIANG Fuxing,YANG Shuhua,CHENG Yunhai,et al.A study on microseismicmonitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2006,49(5):1 511–1 516.(in Chinese))
[11]LOU X,HETHERLY P,DUNCAN F M,et al.Microseismicmonitoring of roof reaction to highwall mining[C]//Proceedings ofInternational Conference on Geomechanics/Ground Control inMining and Underground Construction.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1998:1 059–1 065.
[12]窦林名,何学秋.冲击地压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2002:140–167.(DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu.Rockburst control theory and technology[M].Xuzhou:China University ofMining and Technology Press,2002:140–167.(in Chinese))
[13]李世愚,和雪松,张少泉,等.矿山地震监测技术的进展及最新成果[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):853–859.(LI Shiyu,HE Xuesong,ZHANG Shaoquan,et al.Development and recentachievement of mining shock observation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(4):853–859.(in Chinese))
[14]陈颙,陈凌.分形几何学[M].北京:地震出版社,2005:63–68.(CHEN Yong,CHEN Ling.Fractal geometry[M].Beijing:EarthquakePress,2005:63–68.(in Chinese))
[15]KENNETH J F.分形几何中的技巧[M].曾文曲,王向阳,陆夷译.沈阳:东北大学出版社,1999:61–62.(KENNETH J F.Techniques in fractal[M].Translated by ZENG Wenqu,WANGXiangyang,LU Yi.Shenyang:Northeastern University Press,1999:61–62.(in Chinese))
[16]谢和平.分形–岩石力学导论[M]北京:科学出版社,1996:155–167.(XIE Heping.Introduction to fractals-rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1996:155–167.(in Chinese))
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