岩石蠕变破裂过程及其响应比变化的实验研究
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摘要
对花岗岩样品进行逐次加载的蠕变实验,得到了加载过程中的蠕变曲线和蠕变破裂的全过程曲线.对加载过程中的杨氏模量、蠕变量、蠕变速率等参数用加卸载响应比方法进行了分析,认为有二种不同形态的响应曲线.在中低应力的弹性阶段其响应比都近似为1,而在高应力的膨胀阶段其响应比都随应力而增加.对应力不变时的蠕变破裂全过程曲线进行了分解,在蠕变破裂过程中,瞬态、稳态和加速3个阶段的持续时间分别为全部时间的18%,75%和7%;在加速蠕变阶段蠕变速率及其响应比明显增加.这一结果是预测蠕变破裂的明显指标.
Creep experiments with a granite sample were performed by using graded loading method. The creep curve during the gradual loading process and creep fracture curve under uniform stress were obtained. The parameters,such as Young’s modulus,creep value and creep rate,were analyzed with Load/Unload response ratio (LURR) method. There are two different types of response ratio curves,but the LURR value was near 1 at low stress or in elastic deformation phase,then the LURR was increasing at high stress or in rock dilation phase. The whole creep fracture curve under uniform stress was decomposed to three phase: instantaneous,steady and accelerating creep,with the ratio of duration time of each phase over whole time being about 18%,75% and 7% respectively. The creep rate was increasing remarkably in accelerating phase and it was a useful parameter for predicting the creep fracture.
Creep experiments with a granite sample were performed by using graded loading method. The creep curve during the gradual loading process and creep fracture curve under uniform stress were obtained. The parameters,such as Young’s modulus,creep value and creep rate,were analyzed with Load/Unload response ratio (LURR) method. There are two different types of response ratio curves,but the LURR value was near 1 at low stress or in elastic deformation phase,then the LURR was increasing at high stress or in rock dilation phase. The whole creep fracture curve under uniform stress was decomposed to three phase: instantaneous,steady and accelerating creep,with the ratio of duration time of each phase over whole time being about 18%,75% and 7% respectively. The creep rate was increasing remarkably in accelerating phase and it was a useful parameter for predicting the creep fracture.
引文
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尹祥础,张浪平,张永仙.2009.汶川8级地震前加卸载响应比的大尺度异常[J].地震,29(1):53-59.
余怀忠,尹祥础,夏蒙棼.2003.加卸载响应比(LURR)理论的实验研究[J].中国地震,19(1):58-66.
周蕙兰.1990.地球内部物理[M].北京:地震出版社:218-238.
Boukharowv G N,Chanda M W,Boukgrov N G.1995.The three processes of brittle crystalline rock creep[J].Int JMech Min Sci and Geomech,32(4):325-335.
Lei X,Kusunose K,Rao MV MS,Nishizawa O,Satoh T.2000.Quasi-static fault growth and crackingin homogeneousbrittle rocks under triaxial compression using acoustic emission monitoring[J].J Geophys Res,105(B3):6127-6139.
Li Y,Xia C.2000.Ti me-dependent tests onintact rocks in uniaxial compression[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,37(3):467-475.
Shin K,Okubo S,Fukui K,Hashiba K.2005.Variationin strength and creeplife of six Japanese rocks[J].Int J RockMech Min Sci,42(2):251-260.
吕培苓,吴开统,焦远碧.1991.岩石蠕变过程中声发射活动的实验研究[J].地震学报,13(1):104-112.
马胜利,马瑾.2003.我国实验岩石力学与构造物理学研究的若干新进展[J].地震学报,25(5):528-534.
施行觉,李成波,Aydin A,黄建华,赵闯.2009.地球介质在低应力水平时的非定常参数粘弹模型[J].地球物理学报,52(1):50-56.
施行觉,温丹,包雪阳,李成波,黄耘.2006.岩石蠕变实验在地球介质粘弹性参数计算中的应用[J].中国科学:D辑,36(3):219-224.
施行觉,许和明,万永中,卢振刚,陈学忠.1994.模拟引力潮作用下的岩石破裂特征:加卸载响应比理论的实验研究之一[J].地球物理学报,37(5):633-638.
孙钧.2007.岩石流变力学及其工程应用研究的若干进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,26(6):1081-1106.
许昭永,赵晋明,杨润海.2002.负坡段加卸载响应比的物理意义及预测效能[J].地震学报,24(1):42-49.
杨恒,白武明.2000.岩石圈流变实验研究的进展[J].地球物理学进展,15(2):79-89.
尹祥础,张浪平,张晖辉.2008a.加卸载响应比20年及其展望[J].国际地震动态,(4):1-17.
尹祥础,张浪平,尹琳玉.2008b.加卸载响应比理论的近期进展[G]∥中国地震预报探索.北京:地震出版社:397-407.
尹祥础,张浪平,张永仙.2009.汶川8级地震前加卸载响应比的大尺度异常[J].地震,29(1):53-59.
余怀忠,尹祥础,夏蒙棼.2003.加卸载响应比(LURR)理论的实验研究[J].中国地震,19(1):58-66.
周蕙兰.1990.地球内部物理[M].北京:地震出版社:218-238.
Boukharowv G N,Chanda M W,Boukgrov N G.1995.The three processes of brittle crystalline rock creep[J].Int JMech Min Sci and Geomech,32(4):325-335.
Lei X,Kusunose K,Rao MV MS,Nishizawa O,Satoh T.2000.Quasi-static fault growth and crackingin homogeneousbrittle rocks under triaxial compression using acoustic emission monitoring[J].J Geophys Res,105(B3):6127-6139.
Li Y,Xia C.2000.Ti me-dependent tests onintact rocks in uniaxial compression[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,37(3):467-475.
Shin K,Okubo S,Fukui K,Hashiba K.2005.Variationin strength and creeplife of six Japanese rocks[J].Int J RockMech Min Sci,42(2):251-260.
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