煤岩损伤破坏ULF电磁感应实验研究
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摘要
利用建立的煤岩声-电信号测试系统,对强度较低的煤岩试样进行了单轴压缩、剪切加载破坏实验,测试研究了ULF(1 kHz)、VLF(5 kHz)、LF(300 kHz)等频段电磁辐射及42.3 kHz声发射(AE)信号规律,并初步探讨了煤岩变形破坏ULF电磁信号的产生机理。结果表明:煤岩材料在单轴压缩和剪切变形破裂过程中能够产生ULF频段的电磁信号;与LF及VLF电磁信号相比,ULF信号与应力的相关性更好;同时,ULF信号与应力及AE相比存在一定程度的超前性,一般超前应力及AE信号5～10 s。实验室测得的煤岩变形破裂产生的ULF电磁信号,主要是由电荷运动产生的感应场变化引起的,煤岩材料中含有的少量金属矿物成分导致的压磁效应也是其来源之一。煤岩ULF电磁信号的研究不仅扩展了煤岩电磁辐射技术的研究范围,而且由于其在传播距离和抗干扰能力方面的优势,有望对远距离和较大尺度范围的煤岩动力灾害监测技术实现突破。
The rules of electromagnetic signals of ULF(1 kHz),VLF(5 kHz),and LF(300 kHz),as well as acoustic emission(AE)(42.3 kHz) were studied under two ways of loading including uniaxial compression and shearing with the establishment of acoustic-electric signals test system of coal and rock,and the generating mechanism of ULF electromagnetic signals was preliminarily discussed.The results show that coal and rock under uniaxial compression and shearing can produce ULF electromagnetic signals,which has a better correlation to stress than LF and VLF signals.ULF signals displays a certain degree of advance to stress and AE signals,producing 5~10 s earlier than the two parameters.The ULF electromagnetic signals measured in laboratory mainly induced by the changes of induction field due to the motion of electric charges,and the piezomagnetic effect caused by a small amount of metal mineral composition in coal and rock is another source.This study extends the research scope of EMR of coal and rock.Meanwhile,with the advantages in transmission distance and anti-jamming capability,the study is expected to achieve a breakthrough in long-range and large-scale monitoring for coal and rock dynamic disasters.
The rules of electromagnetic signals of ULF(1 kHz),VLF(5 kHz),and LF(300 kHz),as well as acoustic emission(AE)(42.3 kHz) were studied under two ways of loading including uniaxial compression and shearing with the establishment of acoustic-electric signals test system of coal and rock,and the generating mechanism of ULF electromagnetic signals was preliminarily discussed.The results show that coal and rock under uniaxial compression and shearing can produce ULF electromagnetic signals,which has a better correlation to stress than LF and VLF signals.ULF signals displays a certain degree of advance to stress and AE signals,producing 5~10 s earlier than the two parameters.The ULF electromagnetic signals measured in laboratory mainly induced by the changes of induction field due to the motion of electric charges,and the piezomagnetic effect caused by a small amount of metal mineral composition in coal and rock is another source.This study extends the research scope of EMR of coal and rock.Meanwhile,with the advantages in transmission distance and anti-jamming capability,the study is expected to achieve a breakthrough in long-range and large-scale monitoring for coal and rock dynamic disasters.
引文
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[20]王恩元,贾慧霖,李忠辉,等.用电磁辐射法监测预报矿山采空区顶板稳定性[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(1):16-19.Wang Enyuan,Jia Huilin,Li Zhonghui,et al.Monitoring and fore-casting roof stability of goaf by electromagnetic emission[J].Jour-nal of China Coal Society,2006,31(1):16-19.
[21]刘晓斐,王恩元,何学秋,等.回采工作面应力分布的电磁辐射规律[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(10):1019-1022.Liu Xiaofei,Wang Enyuan,He Xueqiu,et al.Electrmagnetic radia-tion laws of the stress distribution in working face[J].Journal ofChina Coal Society,2007,32(10):1019-1022.
[22]熊皓.电磁波传播与空间环境[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[2]Makarets M V,Koshevaya S V,Gernets A A.Electromagnetic emis-sion caused by the fracturing of piezoelectrics in rocks[J].PhysicaScripta,2002,65(3):268-272.
[3]郭自强,郭子祺,钱书清,等.岩石破裂中的声电效应[J].地理物理学报,1999,42(1):74-83.Guo Ziqiang,Guo Ziqi,Qian Shuqing,et al.Electro-acoustic effect inrock fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1999,42(1):74-83.
[4]张学民,武有文.地震前电磁辐射信息特征研究[J].地震,1998,18(1):97-100.Zhang Xuemin,Wu Youwen.Study on feature of electromagnetic ra-diation information before earthquake occurrence[J].Earthquake,1998,18(1):97-100.
[5]龚强,胡祥云,张胜业,等.岩石破裂电磁辐射频率与弹性参数的关系[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1523-1528.Gong Qiang,Hu Xiangyun,Zhang Shengye,et al.Relationship be-tween frequency of electromagnetic radiation induced by rock frac-ture and the elastic parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1523-1528.
[6]王继军,赵国泽,詹艳,等.中国地震电磁现象的观测与研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(2):11-21.Wang Jijun,Zhao Guoze,Zhan Yan,et al.Observations and studieson EM phenomena caused by earthquake in China[J].Crustal De-formation and Earthquake,2005,25(2):11-21.
[7]钱书清,任克新,吕智.伴随岩石破裂的VLF,MF,HF和VHF电磁辐射特性的实验研究[J].地震学报,1996,18(3):346-351.Qian Shuqing,Ren Kexin,LüZhi.Test study on EMR(VLF,MF,HFand VHF)characteristics during rock failure[J].Acta SeismologicaSinica,1996,18(3):346-351.
[8]耿乃光,于萍,邓明德,等.热红外震兆成因的模拟实验研究[J].地震,1998,18(1):83-88.Geng Naiguang,Yu Ping,Deng Mingde,et al.The simulated experi-mental studies on cause of thermal infrared precursor of earthquakes[J].Earthquake,1998,18(1):83-88.
[9]耿乃光,樊正芳,籍全权,等.微波遥感技术在岩石力学中的应用[J].地震学报,1995,17(4):482-486.Geng Naiguang,Fan Zhengfang,Ji Quanquan,et al.The applicationsof microwave remote sensing technology in rock mechanics[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,1995,17(4):482-486.
[10]王恩元,何学秋,李忠辉,等.煤岩电磁辐射技术及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[11]王恩元,何学秋.煤岩变形破裂电磁辐射的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1):131-137.Wang Enyuan,He Xueqiu.An experimental study of the electro-magnetic emission during the deformation and fracture of coal orrock[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(1):131-137.
[12]聂百胜.含瓦斯煤岩力电效应及机理的研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2001.
[13]撒占友,何学秋,王恩元,等.煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射记忆效应实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):379-385.Sa Zhanyou,He Xueqiu,Wang Enyuan,et al.An experimentalstudy of the electromagnetic emission memory effect during the de-formation and fracture of coal or rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2005,48(2):379-385.
[14]Rabinovitch A,Frid V.Bahat D.Gutenberg-Richter-type relationfor laboratory fracture-induced electromagnetic radiation[J].Phys-ical Review E.Statistical Physics,Plasmas,Fluids,and Related In-terdisciplinary Topics,2002,65(1):114011-114014.
[15]Rabinovitch A,Frid V,Bahat D.Surface oscillations-a possiblesource of fracture induced electromagnetic radiation[J].Tectono-physics,2007,431:15-21.
[16]Frid V,Shabarov A N,Proshuryakov V H,et al.Formation of elec-tromagnetic radiation in coal stratum[J].Journal of Mining Sci-ence,1992,28(2):139-145.
[17]Frid V,Vozoff K.Electromagnetic radiation induced by mining rockfailure[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1/2):57-65.
[18]王恩元,何学秋,刘贞堂,等.煤岩动力灾害电磁辐射监测仪及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4):366-369.Wang Enyuan,He Xueqiu,Liu Zhentang,et al.Electromagnetic ra-diation detector of coal or rock dynamic disasters and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(4):366-369.
[19]王恩元,何学秋,窦林名,等.煤矿采掘过程中煤岩体电磁辐射特征及应用[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):216-221.Wang Enyuan,He Xueqiu,Dou Linming,et al.Electromagnetic ra-diation characteristics of coal and rocks during excavation in coalmine and their application[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(1):216-221.
[20]王恩元,贾慧霖,李忠辉,等.用电磁辐射法监测预报矿山采空区顶板稳定性[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(1):16-19.Wang Enyuan,Jia Huilin,Li Zhonghui,et al.Monitoring and fore-casting roof stability of goaf by electromagnetic emission[J].Jour-nal of China Coal Society,2006,31(1):16-19.
[21]刘晓斐,王恩元,何学秋,等.回采工作面应力分布的电磁辐射规律[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(10):1019-1022.Liu Xiaofei,Wang Enyuan,He Xueqiu,et al.Electrmagnetic radia-tion laws of the stress distribution in working face[J].Journal ofChina Coal Society,2007,32(10):1019-1022.
[22]熊皓.电磁波传播与空间环境[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
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