基于微震监测的水电站地下厂房安全性评价研究
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摘要
将微震监测系统引入水电厂房,在塌空区域建立精度较高的ISS微震系统,通过互联网实施远程控制。对获得的大量微震监测进行数据处理,采用不同方法对塌空区和整个地下厂房进行稳定性分析。从微震事件的时空和能级分布规律对塌空区进行稳定性判断;采用能量指数法、能量指数与累积视体积法、施密特数与累积视体积法对地下厂房的整体稳定性进行评价;针对已有监测数据对厂房进行微震震级预测,建立基于微震监测的水电工程地下厂房安全评价方法。监测结果表明,厂房下部区域出现的微震较为活跃,但微震事件震级较小,离厂房距离也较远;塌空区进行喷锚加固后,微震事件较少,震级也小,因此地下厂房和塌空区整体是安全的,其安全性评价方法能对水电工程地下厂房设计和施工提供一定的指导意义。
The microseismic monitoring system is the first time to be established in underground plants of Dagangshan hydropower station in China,which is composed of detector,data acquisition instruments,control and communication system and can be controlled from internet.A lot of seismic events data are processed and different methods are used to analyze the stability of the collapse area and the whole underground plant.First,the stability of rockmass near collapse area is estimated from the spatiotemporal and energy level distribution of seismic events.Second,three methods are used to estimate the overall stability of the powerhouse,such as energy index(EI) method,cumulated apparent volume(CAV) and EI method,Schmidt number and CAV method.Third,the magnitude of seismic events near the powerhouse can be predicted by analyzing the existing monitored data;and the safety evaluation method for underground hydropower plant is set up.The results show that the seismic events are active at the lower part of the plant,but the magnitudes are small and they are a bit far away from the powerhouse.There are less microseimic events near the collapse area after reinforced by shotcrete and anchor.So the underground powerhouse of Dagangshan hydropower station is overall stable.The establishment of safety evaluation method has a good guidance to the design and construction of underground hydropower plants.
The microseismic monitoring system is the first time to be established in underground plants of Dagangshan hydropower station in China,which is composed of detector,data acquisition instruments,control and communication system and can be controlled from internet.A lot of seismic events data are processed and different methods are used to analyze the stability of the collapse area and the whole underground plant.First,the stability of rockmass near collapse area is estimated from the spatiotemporal and energy level distribution of seismic events.Second,three methods are used to estimate the overall stability of the powerhouse,such as energy index(EI) method,cumulated apparent volume(CAV) and EI method,Schmidt number and CAV method.Third,the magnitude of seismic events near the powerhouse can be predicted by analyzing the existing monitored data;and the safety evaluation method for underground hydropower plant is set up.The results show that the seismic events are active at the lower part of the plant,but the magnitudes are small and they are a bit far away from the powerhouse.There are less microseimic events near the collapse area after reinforced by shotcrete and anchor.So the underground powerhouse of Dagangshan hydropower station is overall stable.The establishment of safety evaluation method has a good guidance to the design and construction of underground hydropower plants.
引文
[1]MENDECKI A J.Seismic monitoring in mines[M].London,UK:Chapman and Hall Press,1997:220-245.
[2]ENEVA M,MENDECKI A J,VAN ASWEGEN G.Seismic responseof rock mass to blasting and rockburst potential[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(4/5):390-391.
[3]MENDECKI A J.Data-driven understanding of seismic rock massresponse to mining[C]//Proceedings of the 5th InternationalSymposium on Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines(RaSiM5).Johannesburg,South Africa:[s.n.],2001:1-9.
[4]BLAKE W.Microseismic applications for mining—a practical guide[R].[S.l.]:Bureau of Mines,U.S.Department of the Interior,1982.
[5]GIBOWICZ S J,KIJKO A.矿山地震学引论[M].修济刚,徐平,杨兴平,译.北京:地震出版社,1998:1-14.(GIBOWICZ S J,KIJKOA.An introduction to mining seismology[M].Translated byXIU Jigang,XU Ping,YANG Xingping.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1998:1-14.(in Chinese))
[6]GE M C.Efficient mine microseismic monitoring[J].InternationalJournal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1/2):44-56.
[7]HIRATA A,KAMEOKA Y,HIRANO T.Safety management based ondetection of possible rock bursts by AE monitoring during tunnelexcavation[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2007,40(6):563-576.
[8]TEZUKA K,NIITSUMA H.Stress estimated using microseismicclusters and its relationship to the fracture system of the Hijiori hot dryrock reservoir[J].Engineering Geology,2000,56(1/2):47-62.
[9]鲁振华,张连成.门头沟矿微震的近场监测效能评估[J].地震,1989,(5):32-39.(LU Zhenhua,ZHANG Liancheng.Evaluation ofnear-field monitoring efficiency of tremors in Mentougou mine[J].Earthquake,1989,(5):32-39.(in Chinese))
[10]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2048-2053.(LI Shulin,YIN Xiangang,ZHENG Wenda,et al.Research onmultichannel microseismic monitoring system and its application toFankou lead-zinc mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(12):2 048-2 053.(in Chinese))
[11]唐礼忠,XIA K W,李夕兵.矿山地震活动多重分形特性与地震活动性预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1818-1824.(TANG Lizhong,XIA K W,LI Xibing.Seismic multi-fractalcharacteristics in mines and seismicity prediction[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(9):1 818-1 824.(inChinese))
[12]杨志国,于润沧,郭然,等.基于微震监测技术的矿山高应力区采动研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增2):3632-3638.(YANG Zhiguo,YU Runcang,GUO Ran,et al.Research of miningbased on microseismic monitoring technology in high-stress area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.2):3 632-3 638.(in Chinese))
[13]杨承祥,罗周全,唐礼忠.基于微震监测技术的深井开采地压活动规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):818-824.(YANGChengxiang,LUO Zhouquan,TANG Lizhong.Study on rule ofgeostatic activity based on microseismic monitoring technique in deepmining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(4):818-824.(in Chinese))
[14]杨志国,于润沧,郭然.深井矿山微震事件波形研究[J].中国工程科学,2008,10(8):69-72.(YANG Zhiguo,YU Runcang,GUORan.Research of seismic events waveform in deep copper mine[J].Engineering Sciences,2008,10(8):69-72.(in Chinese))
[15]唐礼忠,汪令辉,张君,等.大规模开采矿山地震视应力和变形与区域性危险地震预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(6):1 168-1 178.(TANG Lizhong,WANG Linghui,ZHANG Jun,et al.Seismic apparent stress and deformation in a deep mine underlarge-scale mining and areal hazardous seismic prediction[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(6):1 168-1 178.(in Chinese))
[16]董陇军,李夕兵,唐礼忠,等.无需预先测速的微震震源定位的数学形式及震源参数确定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2 058-2 067.(DONG Longjun,LI Xibing,TANG Lizhong,et al.Mathematical functions and parameters for microseismic sourcelocation without pre-measuring speed[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2 058-2 067.(in Chinese))
[17]徐奴文,唐春安,沙椿,等.锦屏I级水电站左岸边坡微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):915-925.(XU Nuwen,TANG Chun′an,SHA Chun,et al.Microseismicmonitoring system establishment and its engineering applications toleft bank slope of Jinping I hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):915-925.(inChinese))
[18]徐奴文,唐春安,周钟,等.岩石边坡潜在失稳区域微震识别方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(5):893-900.(XU Nuwen,TANG Chun′an,ZHOU Zhong,et al.Identification method ofpotential failure regions of rock slope using microseismic monitoringtechnique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(5):893-900.(in Chinese))
[19]徐奴文,唐春安,吴思浩,等.微震监测技术在大岗山水电站右岸边坡中的应用[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(增l):216-221.(XU Nuwen,TANG Chun′an,WU Sihao,et al.Application ofmicroseismic monitoring technique to the right bank slope of Dagangshanhydropower station[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and MitigationEngineering,2010,30(Supp.1):216-221.(in Chinese))
[20]TANG C A,WANG J M,ZHANG J J.Preliminary engineeringapplication of microseismic monitoring technique to rockburstprediction in tunneling of Jinping II project[J].Journal of RockMechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2010,2(3):193-208.
[21]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,曾雄辉,等.深埋隧洞TBM掘进微震实时监测与特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):275-283.(CHEN Bingrui,FENG Xiating,ZENG Xionghui,et al.Real-timemicroseismic monitoring and its characteristic analysis during TBMtunneling in deep-buried tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2011,30(2):275-283.(in Chinese))
[2]ENEVA M,MENDECKI A J,VAN ASWEGEN G.Seismic responseof rock mass to blasting and rockburst potential[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(4/5):390-391.
[3]MENDECKI A J.Data-driven understanding of seismic rock massresponse to mining[C]//Proceedings of the 5th InternationalSymposium on Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines(RaSiM5).Johannesburg,South Africa:[s.n.],2001:1-9.
[4]BLAKE W.Microseismic applications for mining—a practical guide[R].[S.l.]:Bureau of Mines,U.S.Department of the Interior,1982.
[5]GIBOWICZ S J,KIJKO A.矿山地震学引论[M].修济刚,徐平,杨兴平,译.北京:地震出版社,1998:1-14.(GIBOWICZ S J,KIJKOA.An introduction to mining seismology[M].Translated byXIU Jigang,XU Ping,YANG Xingping.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1998:1-14.(in Chinese))
[6]GE M C.Efficient mine microseismic monitoring[J].InternationalJournal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1/2):44-56.
[7]HIRATA A,KAMEOKA Y,HIRANO T.Safety management based ondetection of possible rock bursts by AE monitoring during tunnelexcavation[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2007,40(6):563-576.
[8]TEZUKA K,NIITSUMA H.Stress estimated using microseismicclusters and its relationship to the fracture system of the Hijiori hot dryrock reservoir[J].Engineering Geology,2000,56(1/2):47-62.
[9]鲁振华,张连成.门头沟矿微震的近场监测效能评估[J].地震,1989,(5):32-39.(LU Zhenhua,ZHANG Liancheng.Evaluation ofnear-field monitoring efficiency of tremors in Mentougou mine[J].Earthquake,1989,(5):32-39.(in Chinese))
[10]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2048-2053.(LI Shulin,YIN Xiangang,ZHENG Wenda,et al.Research onmultichannel microseismic monitoring system and its application toFankou lead-zinc mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(12):2 048-2 053.(in Chinese))
[11]唐礼忠,XIA K W,李夕兵.矿山地震活动多重分形特性与地震活动性预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1818-1824.(TANG Lizhong,XIA K W,LI Xibing.Seismic multi-fractalcharacteristics in mines and seismicity prediction[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(9):1 818-1 824.(inChinese))
[12]杨志国,于润沧,郭然,等.基于微震监测技术的矿山高应力区采动研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增2):3632-3638.(YANG Zhiguo,YU Runcang,GUO Ran,et al.Research of miningbased on microseismic monitoring technology in high-stress area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.2):3 632-3 638.(in Chinese))
[13]杨承祥,罗周全,唐礼忠.基于微震监测技术的深井开采地压活动规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):818-824.(YANGChengxiang,LUO Zhouquan,TANG Lizhong.Study on rule ofgeostatic activity based on microseismic monitoring technique in deepmining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(4):818-824.(in Chinese))
[14]杨志国,于润沧,郭然.深井矿山微震事件波形研究[J].中国工程科学,2008,10(8):69-72.(YANG Zhiguo,YU Runcang,GUORan.Research of seismic events waveform in deep copper mine[J].Engineering Sciences,2008,10(8):69-72.(in Chinese))
[15]唐礼忠,汪令辉,张君,等.大规模开采矿山地震视应力和变形与区域性危险地震预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(6):1 168-1 178.(TANG Lizhong,WANG Linghui,ZHANG Jun,et al.Seismic apparent stress and deformation in a deep mine underlarge-scale mining and areal hazardous seismic prediction[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(6):1 168-1 178.(in Chinese))
[16]董陇军,李夕兵,唐礼忠,等.无需预先测速的微震震源定位的数学形式及震源参数确定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2 058-2 067.(DONG Longjun,LI Xibing,TANG Lizhong,et al.Mathematical functions and parameters for microseismic sourcelocation without pre-measuring speed[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2 058-2 067.(in Chinese))
[17]徐奴文,唐春安,沙椿,等.锦屏I级水电站左岸边坡微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):915-925.(XU Nuwen,TANG Chun′an,SHA Chun,et al.Microseismicmonitoring system establishment and its engineering applications toleft bank slope of Jinping I hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):915-925.(inChinese))
[18]徐奴文,唐春安,周钟,等.岩石边坡潜在失稳区域微震识别方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(5):893-900.(XU Nuwen,TANG Chun′an,ZHOU Zhong,et al.Identification method ofpotential failure regions of rock slope using microseismic monitoringtechnique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(5):893-900.(in Chinese))
[19]徐奴文,唐春安,吴思浩,等.微震监测技术在大岗山水电站右岸边坡中的应用[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(增l):216-221.(XU Nuwen,TANG Chun′an,WU Sihao,et al.Application ofmicroseismic monitoring technique to the right bank slope of Dagangshanhydropower station[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and MitigationEngineering,2010,30(Supp.1):216-221.(in Chinese))
[20]TANG C A,WANG J M,ZHANG J J.Preliminary engineeringapplication of microseismic monitoring technique to rockburstprediction in tunneling of Jinping II project[J].Journal of RockMechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2010,2(3):193-208.
[21]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,曾雄辉,等.深埋隧洞TBM掘进微震实时监测与特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):275-283.(CHEN Bingrui,FENG Xiating,ZENG Xionghui,et al.Real-timemicroseismic monitoring and its characteristic analysis during TBMtunneling in deep-buried tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2011,30(2):275-283.(in Chinese))
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