应力波作用下岩石声发射能量特征
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摘要
通过霍普金森(SHPB)实验系统,对应力波作用下岩石破坏进行声发射实验,获得了该加载条件花岗岩声发射能量的变化规律。实验结果表明,声发射能量变化呈现出两种明显不同的特征:I型,声发射峰值能量之后,能量迅速衰减,到加载的末期,能量出现一定的回升,产生"拐点";II型,声发射峰值能量之后,能量衰减相对I型较慢,且不出现"拐点"。通过对岩石破碎块度的分析,得到了声发射峰值能量与岩石破碎分维之间的关系。本文的研究有助于重新寻求应力波下岩石破坏的声发射前兆规律。
Acoustic emission experiment of rock failure subjected to stress waves was carried out based on SHPB(split Hopkinson pressure bar) experimental system.The variation of acoustic emission energy of granite subjected to this loading was obtained.Experimental results show that the variation of AE energy presents two different features: mode I,energy decays rapidly after peak value,however,at the end of the loading,energy rises and "inflection point"appears;mode II,energy decays slowly after peak value,but no "inflection point"appears.Through analysis of rock fragmentation,relation between the AE peak energy and the fractal dimension value is obtained.Above results may be helpful to both theory and practice for seeking precursory characteristics of AE of rock mass subjected to stress wave.
Acoustic emission experiment of rock failure subjected to stress waves was carried out based on SHPB(split Hopkinson pressure bar) experimental system.The variation of acoustic emission energy of granite subjected to this loading was obtained.Experimental results show that the variation of AE energy presents two different features: mode I,energy decays rapidly after peak value,however,at the end of the loading,energy rises and "inflection point"appears;mode II,energy decays slowly after peak value,but no "inflection point"appears.Through analysis of rock fragmentation,relation between the AE peak energy and the fractal dimension value is obtained.Above results may be helpful to both theory and practice for seeking precursory characteristics of AE of rock mass subjected to stress wave.
引文
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[8]吴刚,赵震洋.不同应力状态下岩石类材料破坏的声发射特性[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(2):82-85(WUGang,ZHAO Zhenyang.Acoustic Emission Character of Rock Materials Failure during Various Stress States[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1998,20(2):82-85(in Chinese))
[9]郝晋升,刘晓红,李纪汉.华北地区五种岩石在高压下的破坏特征[J].地震学报,1986,8(4):404-411(HaoJinsheng,LIU Xiaohong,LI Jihan.Failure features of five rocks of North China under high pressure[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,1986,8(4):404-411(in Chinese))
[10]Rudajev V,Vilhelm J,Lokajicek T.Laboratory studies of acoustic emission prior to uniaxial compressive rockfailure[J].Int J Rock Mech&Min Sci,2000,37:699-704.
[11]李庶林,尹贤刚,王泳嘉.单轴受压岩石破坏全过程声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2499-2503(LI Shulin,YIN Xiangang,WANG Yongjia.Studies on acoustic emission characteristic of uniaxialcompressive rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2499-2503(inChinese))
[12]Tham L G,Liu H,Tang C A,et al.On Tension Failure of 2-D Rock Specimens and Associated AcousticEmission[J].Rock Mech Rock Engn,2005,38(1):1-19.
[13]张流,许昭永,陆阳泉.地震前兆场物理机制实验研究的新进展[J].地震,1995,增刊:40-54(ZhANG Liu,XU Zhaoyong,LU Yangquan,et al.New advances in experimental studies of physics mechanism of seismicprecursory field[J].Earthquake,1995,Supp.:40-54(in Chinese))
[14]潘长良,祝方才,曹平等.单轴压力下岩爆倾向岩石的声发射特征[J].中南工业大学学报,2001,32(4):336-338(PAN Changliang,ZHU Fangcai,CAO Ping,et al.Characteristics of acoustic emission of bursting-intendedrocks under uniaxial compression[J].J Cent South Univ Technol,2001,32(4):336-338(in Chinese))
[15]余怀忠,尹祥础,夏蒙棼等.地震临界点理论的实验研究[J].地震学报,2004,26(增刊):122-130(YUHuaizhong,YIN Xiangchu,XIA Mengfen,et al.Experimental research on critical point hypothesis[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,2004,26(Supp.):122-130(in Chinese))
[16]纪洪广,蔡美峰.混凝土材料声发射与应力-应变参量耦合关系及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):227-231(JI Hongguang,CAI Meifeng.Coupling constitutive relation between AE parameter and stress-strain and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):227-231(inChinese))
[17]马胜利,蒋海昆,扈小燕等.基于声发射实验结果讨论大震前地震活动平静现象的机制[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):426-435(MA Shengli,JIANG Haiku,HU Xiaoyan,et al.A discussion on mechanism for seismicquiescence before large earthquakes based on experimental results of acoustic emission[J].Seismology andGeology,2004,26(3):426-435(in Chinese))
[18]Prikryl R,Lokajicek T,Li C,et al.Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Failure of Uniaxially Stressed GraniticRocks:the Effect of Rock Fabric[J].Rock Mech Rock Engng,2003,36(4):255-270.
[19]Rudajev V,Vilhelm J,Lokajicek T.Laboratory studies of acoustic emission prior to uniaxial compressive rockfailure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37:699-704.
[20]Chang S H,Lee C I.Estimation of cracking and damage mechanisms in rock under Triaxial compression bymoment tensor analysis of acoustic emission[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2004,41:1069-1086.
[21]Grady D E,Kipp M E.Geometric statistics and dynamic fragmentation[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1985,58(3):1210-1222.
[22]Gaudin A M,Schuhmann J R,Dasher J.Development of extraction process for uranium from South African golduranium ores[J].Mining Engineering,1956,8(8):802-806.
[23]Rosin P,Rammler E.Laws governing the fineness of powder coal[J].Journal of the Institute of Fuel,1933,7(31):29-36.
[24]Turcotte D L,Newman W I,Shcherbakov R.Micro-and macro-scopic models of rock fracture[J].Geophys JInt,2002,152:718-728.
[2]Rudajev V,Vilhelm J,Kozak J,et al.Statistical precursors of instability of loaded rock samples based on acousticemission[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci&Geomech Abst,1996,33(7):743-748.
[3]SETO M,NAG D K,VUTUKURI V S.In-situ rock stress measurement from rock cores using the acousticemission method and deformation rate analysis[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,1999(17):241-266.
[4]Backers T,Stanchits S,Dresen G.Tensile fracture propagation and acoustic emission activity in sandstone:Theeffect of loading rate[J].Int J Rock Mech&Min Sci,2005,42:1094-1101.
[5]李夕兵,刘志祥.岩体声发射混沌与智能辨识研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1296-1300(LI Xi-bing,LIU Zhi-xiang.Research on Chaos and Intelligent Identification of Acoustic Emission in Rock Mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1296-1300(in Chinese))
[6]杨健,王连俊.岩爆机理声发射试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(20):3796-3802(YANG Jian,WANG Lianjun.Study on Mechanism of Rock Burst by Acoustic Emission Testing[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2005,24(20):3796-3802(in Chinese))
[7]蒋海昆,张流,周永胜.地壳不同深度温压条件下花岗岩变形破坏及声发射时序特征[J].地震学报,2000,22(4):395-403(JIANG Haikun,ZHANG Liu,ZHOU Yongsheng.Granite Deformation and Behavior of AcousticEmission Sequence under the Temperature and Pressure Condition in Different Crust Depths[J].ActaCeismologica Sinica,2000,22(4):395-403(in Chinese))
[8]吴刚,赵震洋.不同应力状态下岩石类材料破坏的声发射特性[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(2):82-85(WUGang,ZHAO Zhenyang.Acoustic Emission Character of Rock Materials Failure during Various Stress States[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1998,20(2):82-85(in Chinese))
[9]郝晋升,刘晓红,李纪汉.华北地区五种岩石在高压下的破坏特征[J].地震学报,1986,8(4):404-411(HaoJinsheng,LIU Xiaohong,LI Jihan.Failure features of five rocks of North China under high pressure[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,1986,8(4):404-411(in Chinese))
[10]Rudajev V,Vilhelm J,Lokajicek T.Laboratory studies of acoustic emission prior to uniaxial compressive rockfailure[J].Int J Rock Mech&Min Sci,2000,37:699-704.
[11]李庶林,尹贤刚,王泳嘉.单轴受压岩石破坏全过程声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2499-2503(LI Shulin,YIN Xiangang,WANG Yongjia.Studies on acoustic emission characteristic of uniaxialcompressive rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2499-2503(inChinese))
[12]Tham L G,Liu H,Tang C A,et al.On Tension Failure of 2-D Rock Specimens and Associated AcousticEmission[J].Rock Mech Rock Engn,2005,38(1):1-19.
[13]张流,许昭永,陆阳泉.地震前兆场物理机制实验研究的新进展[J].地震,1995,增刊:40-54(ZhANG Liu,XU Zhaoyong,LU Yangquan,et al.New advances in experimental studies of physics mechanism of seismicprecursory field[J].Earthquake,1995,Supp.:40-54(in Chinese))
[14]潘长良,祝方才,曹平等.单轴压力下岩爆倾向岩石的声发射特征[J].中南工业大学学报,2001,32(4):336-338(PAN Changliang,ZHU Fangcai,CAO Ping,et al.Characteristics of acoustic emission of bursting-intendedrocks under uniaxial compression[J].J Cent South Univ Technol,2001,32(4):336-338(in Chinese))
[15]余怀忠,尹祥础,夏蒙棼等.地震临界点理论的实验研究[J].地震学报,2004,26(增刊):122-130(YUHuaizhong,YIN Xiangchu,XIA Mengfen,et al.Experimental research on critical point hypothesis[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,2004,26(Supp.):122-130(in Chinese))
[16]纪洪广,蔡美峰.混凝土材料声发射与应力-应变参量耦合关系及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):227-231(JI Hongguang,CAI Meifeng.Coupling constitutive relation between AE parameter and stress-strain and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):227-231(inChinese))
[17]马胜利,蒋海昆,扈小燕等.基于声发射实验结果讨论大震前地震活动平静现象的机制[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):426-435(MA Shengli,JIANG Haiku,HU Xiaoyan,et al.A discussion on mechanism for seismicquiescence before large earthquakes based on experimental results of acoustic emission[J].Seismology andGeology,2004,26(3):426-435(in Chinese))
[18]Prikryl R,Lokajicek T,Li C,et al.Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Failure of Uniaxially Stressed GraniticRocks:the Effect of Rock Fabric[J].Rock Mech Rock Engng,2003,36(4):255-270.
[19]Rudajev V,Vilhelm J,Lokajicek T.Laboratory studies of acoustic emission prior to uniaxial compressive rockfailure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37:699-704.
[20]Chang S H,Lee C I.Estimation of cracking and damage mechanisms in rock under Triaxial compression bymoment tensor analysis of acoustic emission[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2004,41:1069-1086.
[21]Grady D E,Kipp M E.Geometric statistics and dynamic fragmentation[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1985,58(3):1210-1222.
[22]Gaudin A M,Schuhmann J R,Dasher J.Development of extraction process for uranium from South African golduranium ores[J].Mining Engineering,1956,8(8):802-806.
[23]Rosin P,Rammler E.Laws governing the fineness of powder coal[J].Journal of the Institute of Fuel,1933,7(31):29-36.
[24]Turcotte D L,Newman W I,Shcherbakov R.Micro-and macro-scopic models of rock fracture[J].Geophys JInt,2002,152:718-728.
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