地震次生山地灾害及其防治对策——以“汶川大地震”次生山地灾害为例
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摘要
对地震次生山地灾害进行了界定。它是指在山区由地震直接引发的或者由于地震作用的影响而引发的灾害性地貌过程。"汶川大地震"引发了大量的次生山地灾害,主要灾害类型以崩塌和滑坡为主,具有灾害类型齐全、破坏严重,带状分布、成片发育,堰塞湖险情严重,潜在地质灾害发育等特点。地震次生山地灾害具有一定的时效效应,可划分为同震次生山地灾害、短期次生山地灾害和长期次生山地灾害。分析认为,"汶川大地震"重大次生山地灾害发生的成因是地球内外动力地质耦合作用的结果。针对不同时期的次生山地灾害,提出了防治对策。
The definition of earthquake-induced mountain hazards was defined,which were disastrous courses of geomorphology directly caused by earthquake or formed due to the effects of earthquake in mountain areas or hill regions.Wenchuan earthquake,caused devastating damage to people's lives and property in the earthquake-hit areas,had caused the most serious mountain hazards since 1949 and the main types of these hazards were landslides and rockfalls.The disasters had characteristics of full range and serious,zonal distribution,serious landslide lakes and development of potential geohazards.By analyzing the characteristics of these disasters,it was found that earthquake-induced mountain disasters have time-dependent effect and could be divided into real-time earthquake-induced geohazards,short-term earthquake-induced geohazards and long-term earthquake-induced geohazards.Different countermeasures were proposed to accommodate different periods of earthquake-induced hazards.By analyzing the causes of these disasters,it was found that most of the earthquake-induced mountain disasters were caused by endogenic and exogenic geological coupling process.An in-depth study of endogenic and exogenic geological coupling mechanism is of great significance to reveal mechanism of the causes of serious geological hazards.
The definition of earthquake-induced mountain hazards was defined,which were disastrous courses of geomorphology directly caused by earthquake or formed due to the effects of earthquake in mountain areas or hill regions.Wenchuan earthquake,caused devastating damage to people's lives and property in the earthquake-hit areas,had caused the most serious mountain hazards since 1949 and the main types of these hazards were landslides and rockfalls.The disasters had characteristics of full range and serious,zonal distribution,serious landslide lakes and development of potential geohazards.By analyzing the characteristics of these disasters,it was found that earthquake-induced mountain disasters have time-dependent effect and could be divided into real-time earthquake-induced geohazards,short-term earthquake-induced geohazards and long-term earthquake-induced geohazards.Different countermeasures were proposed to accommodate different periods of earthquake-induced hazards.By analyzing the causes of these disasters,it was found that most of the earthquake-induced mountain disasters were caused by endogenic and exogenic geological coupling process.An in-depth study of endogenic and exogenic geological coupling mechanism is of great significance to reveal mechanism of the causes of serious geological hazards.
引文
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[3]张国民,马宏生,王辉,等.中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):602~610.ZHANG Guo-min,MA Hongsheng,WANG Hui,et al.Boundaries between Active~tectonic Blocks and Strong Earthquakes inChina Mainland[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(3):602~610.(in Chinese)
[4]许向宁,王兰生.岷江上游叠溪地震区斜坡变形破坏分区特征及其成因机制分析[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(01):68~75.XU Xiang-ning,WANG Lan-sheng.On the Mechanism of Slope Deformation-Failures and Their Distribution Characteristics ina High Earthquake~intensity Area[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2005,13(01):68~75.(in Chinese)
[5]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433~444.YIN Yue-ping.Researches on the Geo-hazards Triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal of Engineering Geolo-gy,2008,16(4):433~444.(in Chinese)
[6]陈晓清,崔鹏,程尊兰,等.5.1 2汶川地震堰塞湖危险性应急评估[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):244~249.CHEN Xiao-qing,Cui Peng,CHENG Zunlan,et al.Emergency Risk Assessment of Dammed Lakes Caused by the WenchuanEarthquake on May 12,2008[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(4):244~249.(in Chinese)
[7]崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.5.12汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):280~282.CUI Peng,WEI Fang-qiang,HE Si-ming,et al.Mountain Disasters Induced by the Earthquake of May12 in Wenchuan and theDisasters Mitigation[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(3):280~282.(in Chinese)
[8]林茂炳.汶川大地震与龙门山构造带[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):366~370.LIN Mao-bing.The Huge Wenchuan Earthquake and Longmen Tectonic Belt[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2008,35(4):366~370.(in Chinese)
[9]周荣军,李勇,Alexander L Densmore,等.青藏高原东缘活动构造[J].矿物岩石,2006,26(2):40~51.ZHOURong-jun,LI Yong,Alexander LDensmore,et al.Active Tectonics of the Eastern Margin of the Tibet Plateau[J].Jour-nal of Mineral Petrol,2006,26(2):40~51.(in Chinese)
[10]罗志立,雍自权,刘树根,等.四川汶川大地震与C型俯冲的关系和防震减灾的建议[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):337~347.LUO Zhi-li,YONG Zi-quan,LIUShu-gen,et al.Relationship between C-subduction and the Wenchuan Earthquake and Sug-gestions on Preventing Earthquakes and Mitigating Disasters[J]..Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2008,35(4):337~347.(in Chinese)
[11]王思敬.地球内外动力耦合作用与重大地质灾害的成因初探[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(2):115~117.WANG Si-jing.Coupling of Earth’s Endogenic and Exogenic Geological Processes and Oorigins on Serious Geological Disasters[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(2):115~117.(in Chinese)
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