中国大陆中东部M_s≥8.0级特大地震发震背景初步分析
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摘要
从构造地貌、地质体特征及其物理力学性质、现今GPS位移场、活动断裂与现代构造应力场和能量场等方面探讨中国大陆中东部部分Ms≥8.0级特大地震发震背景。初步认为,地震是地壳局部或区域活动的表现,诱发地震的主因来自地球内部地应力、能量聚集和瞬间释放;发生地震的部位一般是地壳构造活动带或地壳结构的薄弱带,诸如活动断裂带等;活动断裂在发展演化过程中,当其穿过构造地貌、刚性结晶基底等特殊地质环境时,其活动受阻,引起地应力和能量集中。当地应力和能量积累超过岩体(石)强度,导致岩体(石)破裂,诱发地震;活动构造、地质体特征及其物理力学性质是地震发生的必要条件,地应力和能量集中是地震发生的充分条件。最后,提出中国大陆中东部中长期需重点关注的区带及工作建议。
The earthquake occurrence backgrounds of Ms≥8.0 catastrophic earthquakes in the middle and east parts of Chinese Continent are discussed from aspects of tectonic landform,geological mass features and its physico-mechanical properties,present GPS displacement field,active fault,contemporary tectonic stress and energy field,and so on. Preliminary results show that earthquake,which is triggered by a sudden release of the concentrated geo-stress and energy in the interior of the earth,is one kind of activities in local or regional crust; and that the location of earthquake is always the active tectonic zone or weak belt in the crust,such as active fracture belt,etc.;and that the geo-stress and energy are always concentrated in the evolution process of active fracture belt in the crust while the active fracture belt passing through and being blocked by the special geological environments,such as tectonic landform,rigid crystalline basement,etc.. When the concentrated geo-stress and energy exceed the strength of rock or rock mass,the rock or rock mass will be broken,so an earthquake will be triggered. Active tectonics and geological mass features and physico-mechanical properties are necessary conditions for earthquake occurrence,and geo-stress and energy concentration are sufficient conditions for earthquake occurrence. At last,the key region which should be paid attention to for a mid-long term in the middle and east parts of Chinese Continent and the working suggestions are proposed.
The earthquake occurrence backgrounds of Ms≥8.0 catastrophic earthquakes in the middle and east parts of Chinese Continent are discussed from aspects of tectonic landform,geological mass features and its physico-mechanical properties,present GPS displacement field,active fault,contemporary tectonic stress and energy field,and so on. Preliminary results show that earthquake,which is triggered by a sudden release of the concentrated geo-stress and energy in the interior of the earth,is one kind of activities in local or regional crust; and that the location of earthquake is always the active tectonic zone or weak belt in the crust,such as active fracture belt,etc.;and that the geo-stress and energy are always concentrated in the evolution process of active fracture belt in the crust while the active fracture belt passing through and being blocked by the special geological environments,such as tectonic landform,rigid crystalline basement,etc.. When the concentrated geo-stress and energy exceed the strength of rock or rock mass,the rock or rock mass will be broken,so an earthquake will be triggered. Active tectonics and geological mass features and physico-mechanical properties are necessary conditions for earthquake occurrence,and geo-stress and energy concentration are sufficient conditions for earthquake occurrence. At last,the key region which should be paid attention to for a mid-long term in the middle and east parts of Chinese Continent and the working suggestions are proposed.
引文
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[10]许志琴,李海兵,吴忠良.汶川地震和科学钻探[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1613–1622.(XU Zhiqin,LI Haibing,WU Zhongliang.Wenchuan earthquake and scientific drilling[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12):1613–1622.(in Chinese))
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[13]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066–1073.(ZHANG Peizhen,XU Xiwei,WEN Xueze,et al.Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the active fault zone and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(4):1066–1073.(in Chinese))
[14]李勇,曹叔尤,周荣军,等.晚新生代岷江下蚀速率及其对青藏高原东缘山脉隆升机制和形成时限的定量约束[J].地质学报,2005,79(1):28–37.(LI Yong,CAO Shuyou,ZHOU Rongjun,et al.Late Cenozoic Min river incision rate and its constraint on the uplift of the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005,79(1):28–37.(in Chinese))
[15]LIAO C T,ZHANG C S,WU M L,et al.Stress change near the Kunlun fault before and after the Ms8.1Kunlun earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30(20):2027–2030.
[2]李四光.地震地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.(LI Siguang.Seismology[M].Beijing:Science Press,1973.(in Chinese))
[3]李四光.论地震[M].北京:地质出版社,1977.(LI Siguang.Discussion on earthquake[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1977.(in Chinese))
[4]孙叶.对地震地质工作的一些设想——兼论华北、京津地区现今区域地应力场的特征[C]//中国地质科学院562综合大队文集(3).[S.l.]:[s.n.],1982:97–112.(SUN Ye.Some considerations on seismology research—concerning the regional characteristics of stress field in North China and the area of Beijing and Tianjin nowadays[C]//Collected Works of562Comprehensive Brigade(3),Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1982:97–112.(in Chinese))
[5]《中国岩石圈动力学图集》编委会.中国岩石圈动力学图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,1989.(Editorial Board for Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China.State seismological bureau lithosphericdynamics atlas of China[M].Beijing:Sino Maps Press,1989.(in Chinese))
[6]陈庆宣,王维襄,孙叶,等.岩石力学与构造应力场分析[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.(CHEN Qingxuan,WANG Weixiang,SUN Ye,et al.Rock mechanics and analysis of tectonic stress field[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1998.(in Chinese))
[7]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430–441.(ZHANG Peizhen,WANG Qi,MA Zongjin.GPS velocity field and active crustal blocks of contemporary tectonic deformation in continental China[J].Earth Science Frontier,2002,9(2):430–441.(in Chinese))
[8]王琪,张培震,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):415–429.(WANG Qi,ZHANG Peizhen,MA Zongjin.GPS database and velocity field of contemporary tectonic deformation in continental China[J].Earth Science Frontier,2002,9(2):415–429.(in Chinese))
[9]孙叶.中国某地区现今区域地应力场的初步探讨[C]//国际交流地质学术论文集(1).北京:地质出版社,1978:275–286.(SUN Ye.A primary discussion on present regional crustal stress field in a region of China[C]//Proceedings of International Geological Symposium(1).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1978:275–286.(in Chinese))
[10]许志琴,李海兵,吴忠良.汶川地震和科学钻探[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1613–1622.(XU Zhiqin,LI Haibing,WU Zhongliang.Wenchuan earthquake and scientific drilling[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12):1613–1622.(in Chinese))
[11]ZHANG P Z,SHEN Z K,WANG M,et al.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan plateau from global positioning system data[J].Geology,2004,32(9):809–812.
[12]谢富仁,陈群策,崔效锋,等.中国大陆地壳应力环境研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.(XIE Furen,CHEN Qunce,CUI Xiaofeng,et al.Study of crustal stress environment in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2003.(in Chinese))
[13]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066–1073.(ZHANG Peizhen,XU Xiwei,WEN Xueze,et al.Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the active fault zone and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(4):1066–1073.(in Chinese))
[14]李勇,曹叔尤,周荣军,等.晚新生代岷江下蚀速率及其对青藏高原东缘山脉隆升机制和形成时限的定量约束[J].地质学报,2005,79(1):28–37.(LI Yong,CAO Shuyou,ZHOU Rongjun,et al.Late Cenozoic Min river incision rate and its constraint on the uplift of the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005,79(1):28–37.(in Chinese))
[15]LIAO C T,ZHANG C S,WU M L,et al.Stress change near the Kunlun fault before and after the Ms8.1Kunlun earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30(20):2027–2030.
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