测井“静态”探测与微震“动态”监测技术在矿井突水综合预警中的应用
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摘要
矿井发生系列重大突水事故,可归结为两个原因:①回采前,潜伏导水通道和隔水关键"静态"存在特征的"探测"和研究不足;②回采过程中,导水通道和隔水关键层"动态"失稳过程的"监测"和研究不足。针对矿层回采前岩体性质的"静态"存在特征,采用地球物理测井和高分辨率三维地震勘探作为技术手段、GSR(Geophysical Strata Rating)方法作为研究手段展开研究,重点对突水危险区进行预测;针对煤层回采过程中岩体破裂过程和裂隙场分布的"动态"特征,采用高精度微震监测作为技术手段、高精度定位及反演分析技术作为研究手段展开研究,重点对突水危险进行临场预警。基于上述技术和研究方法,进行了煤层分布特征、隔水关键岩层分布特征、断层分布特征的原位探测和研究。建立了关键层静态探测与动态监测的突水预警模型和构造体静态探测与动态监测的突水预警模型;采用了"将岩体性质‘静态’存在特征和岩体‘动态’破裂过程作为一个整体"对突水通道进行预测,并对矿井突水定量预测进行了初步的学术探讨。
There are two reasons for water inrushing associated with coal mining concluded as: failed in field prospecting and delineating the static properties of key confining beds and seepage paths before mining;failed in field monitoring and delineating the dynamic properties of key confining beds and seepage paths during mining.For the rock static properties,geophysical logging,seismic prospecting and GSR(Geophysical Strata Rating) were employed in the one hand,and for the dynamic failure processing of surrounding rock,the real time microseismic monitoring was used on the other.Based on the techniques and analysis mentioned above,the description of coal seams,key confining beds and faults has been done;the positions and properties of soft parts within key confining beds,the potential extension and boundary of confining beds,the geologic origin of confining beds as well as potential seepage path and dangerous region were also deduced.A prediction modeling based on the static and dynamic methods discussed above were conducted quantitative.The consideration of "the static studies on rock strata before mining and the failure processing of surrounding rock and geological structure during mining should be treated as a whole to water inrushing issues" was undertaken.
There are two reasons for water inrushing associated with coal mining concluded as: failed in field prospecting and delineating the static properties of key confining beds and seepage paths before mining;failed in field monitoring and delineating the dynamic properties of key confining beds and seepage paths during mining.For the rock static properties,geophysical logging,seismic prospecting and GSR(Geophysical Strata Rating) were employed in the one hand,and for the dynamic failure processing of surrounding rock,the real time microseismic monitoring was used on the other.Based on the techniques and analysis mentioned above,the description of coal seams,key confining beds and faults has been done;the positions and properties of soft parts within key confining beds,the potential extension and boundary of confining beds,the geologic origin of confining beds as well as potential seepage path and dangerous region were also deduced.A prediction modeling based on the static and dynamic methods discussed above were conducted quantitative.The consideration of "the static studies on rock strata before mining and the failure processing of surrounding rock and geological structure during mining should be treated as a whole to water inrushing issues" was undertaken.
引文
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[18]姜福兴,叶根喜,王存文,等.高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1932-1938.
[19]谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3003-3007.
[20]谢和平,彭瑞东,鞠杨,等.岩石破坏的能量分析初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15):2603-2608.
[21]姜福兴,XUN Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23-25.
[22]张银平.岩体声发射与微震监测定位技术及其应用[J].工程爆破,2002,8(1):58-61.
[23]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.岩体微震监测的频谱分析与信号识别[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(7):772-775.
[24]潘一山,赵扬锋,官福海,等.矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1002-1011.
[25]赵兴东,唐春安,李元辉,等.基于微震监测及应力场分析的冲击地压预测方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):4745-4749.
[26]叶根喜,姜福兴,郭延华,等.煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1053-1058.
[2]彭苏萍,王金安.承压水体上安全采煤[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.
[3]张金才,张玉卓,刘天泉.岩体渗流与煤层底板突水[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[4]仵彦卿,张倬元.岩体水力学导论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1995.
[5]钱鸣高,缪协兴,徐家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.
[6]赵阳升,胡耀青.承压水上采煤理论与技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.
[7]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机制及预测预报[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.
[8]WU Q,ZHOU W F.Prediction of groundwater inrush intocoal mines from aquifers underlying the coal seams in China:vulnerability index method and its construction[J/OL].Environmental Geology,2008[2008-03-17].http://springer.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/content/n440563n56098342/fulltext.pdf.
[9]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268-277.
[10]BARTON N.Rock quality,seismic velocity,attenuationand anisotropy[M].London and Netherlands:Taylor andFrancis,2006.
[11]CALLEJA J.Rapid rating-using coal mine roof rating toprovide rapid roof characterization from exploration drilling[C]//Proceedings of the 7th Conference on UndergroundCoal Operators.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:full text.
[12]DVORKIN J,BREVIK I.Diagnosing high-porosity sand-stones:strength and permeability from porosity and velocity[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):795-799.
[13]HATHERLY P,SLIWA R,TURNER R,et al.Quanti-tative geophysical log interpretation for rock mass character-ization[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2003.
[14]HATHERLY P,THOMSON S,ARMSTRONG M.Geo-physical log analysis for the southern Sydney basin[C]//HUTTON A,GRIFFIN J ed.Proceedings of the 36th Syd-ney Basin Symposium.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:59-70.
[15]HATHERLY P J,MEDHURST T,MACGREGOR S M.A rock mass rating scheme for elastic sediments based on ge-ophysical logs[C]//Proceedings of the InternationalWorkshop on Rock Mass Classification in Underground Min-ing.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2007:full text.
[16]MEDHURST T,HATHERLY P.Geotechnical stratacharacterization using geophysical borehole logs[C]//PENG S S,MARK C.ed.Proceedings of the 24th Interna-tional Conference on Ground Control in Mining.Morgan-town:West Virginia University,2005:179-186.
[17]叶根喜,Peter Hatherly,姜福兴,等.地球物理测井技术在煤矿岩体工程勘察中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(7):1342-1351.
[18]姜福兴,叶根喜,王存文,等.高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1932-1938.
[19]谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3003-3007.
[20]谢和平,彭瑞东,鞠杨,等.岩石破坏的能量分析初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15):2603-2608.
[21]姜福兴,XUN Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23-25.
[22]张银平.岩体声发射与微震监测定位技术及其应用[J].工程爆破,2002,8(1):58-61.
[23]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.岩体微震监测的频谱分析与信号识别[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(7):772-775.
[24]潘一山,赵扬锋,官福海,等.矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1002-1011.
[25]赵兴东,唐春安,李元辉,等.基于微震监测及应力场分析的冲击地压预测方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):4745-4749.
[26]叶根喜,姜福兴,郭延华,等.煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1053-1058.
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