循环球应力对饱和软黏土动应变发展规律的影响及其作用机制
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摘要
循环球应力在土体动应力场中是普遍存在的,但是在以往的研究中往往被忽视。基于循环围压动三轴试验,通过循环围压和循环偏应力的耦合,初步研究循环球应力对饱和软黏土动应变发展规律的影响,并分析其作用机制。试验结果表明:循环球应力的存在不但改变动应变的发展速度,而且改变最大压应变与最大拉应变的比值,这种影响不但与循环球应力与循环偏应力的相位差有关,而且与循环偏应力的幅值有关。当相位差为180°时,压应变发展速度更快,而当相位差为0°时,拉应变发展速度更快。基于试验结果,分别从总应力和有效应力的角度解释循环球应力影响动应变发展规律的作用机制。
The cyclic spherical stress is very common in the dynamic stress field of soils;however,in previous researches,it was usually neglected.Based on the dynamic triaxial tests with cyclic confining pressure,the influences of cyclic spherical stress on the strain behavior of saturated clays are studied through coupling cyclic confining pressure and cyclic deviatoric stress.Moreover,the action mechanisms are also discussed.Test results show that the existence of cyclic spherical stress not only changes the development speeds of cyclic strain,but also changes the ratios of maximum compression strain to maximum extension strain.The influences are not only related to the phase differences between cyclic spherical stress and cyclic deviatoric stress,but also related to the amplitude of cyclic deviatoric stress.When the phase angle is 180°,the compressive strain develops more quickly;and when the phase angle is 0°,the tension strain develops more quickly.Based on the test results,the action mechanisms of cyclic spherical stress on the changes of dynamic strain behavior are explained from the perspective of the total stress and the effective stress,respectively.
The cyclic spherical stress is very common in the dynamic stress field of soils;however,in previous researches,it was usually neglected.Based on the dynamic triaxial tests with cyclic confining pressure,the influences of cyclic spherical stress on the strain behavior of saturated clays are studied through coupling cyclic confining pressure and cyclic deviatoric stress.Moreover,the action mechanisms are also discussed.Test results show that the existence of cyclic spherical stress not only changes the development speeds of cyclic strain,but also changes the ratios of maximum compression strain to maximum extension strain.The influences are not only related to the phase differences between cyclic spherical stress and cyclic deviatoric stress,but also related to the amplitude of cyclic deviatoric stress.When the phase angle is 180°,the compressive strain develops more quickly;and when the phase angle is 0°,the tension strain develops more quickly.Based on the test results,the action mechanisms of cyclic spherical stress on the changes of dynamic strain behavior are explained from the perspective of the total stress and the effective stress,respectively.
引文
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[23]RASCOL E.Cyclic properties of sand:dynamic behavior for seismicapplications[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Lausanne,The Swiss:Swiss FederalInstitute of Technology in Lausanne,2009.
[24]王军,谷川,蔡袁强,等.动三轴试验中饱和软黏土的孔压特性及其对有效应力路径的影响[J].岩石力学及工程学报,2012,31(6):1 290–1 296.(WANG Jun,GU Chuan,CAI Yuanqiang,et al.Behavior of pore water pressure in dynamic triaxial tests of saturatedsoft clay and its effect on effective stress path[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1 290–1 296.(inChinese))
[2]FINNO R J,CHO W.Recent stress-history effects on compressibleChicago glacial clays[J].Journal of Geotechnical and GeoenvironmentalEngineering,2011,137(3):197–207.
[3]CHO W,FINNO R J.Stress-strain responses of block samples ofcompressible Chicago glacial clays[J].Journal of Geotechnical andGeoenvironmental Engineering,2010,136(1):178–188.
[4]CALLISTO L,CALABRESI G.Mechanical behaviour of a naturalsoft clay[J].Geotechnique,1998,48(4):495–513.
[5]CALLISTO L,RAMPELLO S.Shear strength and small-strainstiffness of a natural clay under general stress conditions[J].Geotechnique,2002,52(8):547–560.
[6]MALANRAKI V,TOLL D G.Triaxial tests on weakly bonded soilwith changes in stress path[J].Journal of Geotechnical andGeoenvironmental Engineering,2001,127(3):282–291.
[7]HIRD C C,PIERPOINT N D.Stiffness determination and deformationanalysis for a trial excavation in Oxford clay[J].Geotechnique,1997,47(3):665–691.
[8]NG C W W.Stress paths in relation to deep excavations[J].Journal ofGeotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1999,125(5):357–363.
[9]NG T T.Behavior of gravity deposited granular material underdifferent stress paths[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2005,42:1 644–1 655.
[10]刘恩龙,沈珠江.不同应力路径下结构性土的力学特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2058–2064.(LIU Enlong,SHENZhujiang.Mechanical behavior of structured soils under differentstress paths[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2 058–2 064.(in Chinese))
[11]刘祖德,陆士强,杨天林.应力路径对填土应力应变关系的影响及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,1982,4(4):45–54.(LIU Zude,LUShiqiang,YANG Tianlin.The influence of stress path on thestress-strain behavior of earthfills and its application[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,1982,4(4):45–54.(in Chinese))
[12]孙岳裕,蹼家骆,李广信.不同应力路径对砂土应力–应变关系的影响[J].岩土工程学报,1987,9(6):78–87.(SUN Yueyu,PU Jialuo,LI Guangxin.Influences of stress paths on the stress-strainrelationships of sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1987,9(6):78–87.(in Chinese))
[13]邱金营.应力路径对砂土应力–应变关系的影响[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(2):75–82.(QIU Jinying.Effects of stress path onstress-strain behavior of sand[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,1995,17(2):75–82.(in Chinese))
[14]张荣堂,陈守义.减P路径下饱和软黏土应力–应变性状的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(5):612–616.(ZHANG Rongtang,CHENShouyi.An experimental study on stress-strain behavior of soft clayalong decreasing average normal stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(5):612–616.(in Chinese))
[15]常银生.黏性土应力路径的试验研究与分析[硕士学位论文][D].南京:南京工业大学,2005.(CHANG Yinsheng.Experimental studyand analysis of stress path for cohesive soil[M.S.Thesis][D].Nanjing:Nanjing Industrial University,2005.(in Chinese))
[16]丁浩.地震波作用下饱和砂土动力特性试验研究[硕士学位论文][D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.(DING Hao.Experimental study of thedynamics of saturated sand subjected to incident seismic waves[M.S.Thesis][D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2010.(in Chinese))
[17]GU C,WANG J,CAI Y Q,et al.Undrained cyclic triaxial behaviorof saturated clays under variable confining pressure[J].Soil Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering,2012,40:118–128.
[18]边学成,胡婷,陈云敏.列车交通荷载作用下地基土单元体的应力路径[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(11):86–92.(BIAN Xuecheng,HU Ting,CHEN Yunmin.Stress path in soil element of ground undermoving traffic loads[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(11):86–92.(in Chinese))
[19]YANG L A.Dynamic stress analysis of a ballasted railway track bedduring train passage[J].Journal of Geotechnical and GeoenvironmentalEngineering,2009,135(5):680–689.
[20]POWRIE W,YANG L A.Stress changes in the ground belowballasted railway track during train passage[J].Journal of Rail andRapid Transit,2007,221(2):247–262.
[21]施明雄.多向振动下砂土动力特性试验研究[硕士学位论文][D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.(SHI Mingxiong.Sand response to multi-waydynamic loading[M.S.Thesis][D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008.(in Chinese))
[22]陈存礼,谢定义,高鹏.球应力往返作用下饱和砂土变形特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3):513–520.(CHENCunli,XIE Dingyi,GAO Peng.Testing study on deformationcharacteristics of saturated sand under repeated spherical stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(3):513–520.(in Chinese))
[23]RASCOL E.Cyclic properties of sand:dynamic behavior for seismicapplications[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Lausanne,The Swiss:Swiss FederalInstitute of Technology in Lausanne,2009.
[24]王军,谷川,蔡袁强,等.动三轴试验中饱和软黏土的孔压特性及其对有效应力路径的影响[J].岩石力学及工程学报,2012,31(6):1 290–1 296.(WANG Jun,GU Chuan,CAI Yuanqiang,et al.Behavior of pore water pressure in dynamic triaxial tests of saturatedsoft clay and its effect on effective stress path[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1 290–1 296.(inChinese))
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