从施工地质灾害看岩体结构动态控制作用
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摘要
在我国岩石工程规模加大、趋深而施工扰动范围趋广和趋强的今天,难以避让的不良地质体中常出现的施工地质灾害已成为影响工期和造价的极重要因素。工程实践观测到以不良地质体为主的岩体结构动态变化及其对快速、高强度工程开挖扰动的响应很复杂。理论上需认识不同层次和不同部位岩体变形破坏反映出的结构动态变化和调整,对其控制作用和工程调控需从相互作用时间变化角度加以表述,同时为"短进尺"等地下工程施工经验提供依据。通过总结、回顾岩体结构控制论发展和适用性,结合岩石工程中不良地质体有关的施工地质灾害防治实践,提出基于变形破坏时效性的岩体结构动态控制观(DDC)。以平行于背斜轴部展布的上公山隧洞围岩施工地质灾害导致工期延误和方案多次变更为例,说明岩体结构动态变化是工程施工扰动作用的集中体现和客观结果。本文结果或可为深入研究岩体变形破坏时效性提供一定地质基础。
The deformation-controlling theory of rock mass structure,a basic theory in engineering geology,is critically important for understanding the deformation and failure patterns of rocks.It is also essential for calibration of mechanical parameters and stability evaluation of rock masses.At present,artificial constructioninduced disturbance is intense;and the dynamic variations of rock mass discontinuities and the rapidly intensive excavation disturbance associated with engineering performances become extremely complicated.The strength criteria of rock mass need to be considered in combination of rock deformation monitoring.Therefore,the dynamic control and adjustment of the rock mass structure are one of great challenging issues for engineering geologists.Although it is not easy to predict geological defects,we need to know the dynamic variations of geological structures in terms of construction-induced geohazards.Consequently,the controlling effects should be updated with elapsed time.Based on this,the discontinuity dynamic adjusting and controlling opinion(DDC) is put forward,which may be as attributed to the development of rock mass structure controlling theory.For comparison,a case of the Shanggongshan tunnel was employed where dynamic control and adjustment of rock mass during construction were not considered.Various geological defects such as caves and faults along the anticline axis were unexpectedly encountered in construction of this project.Thus,back analysis of the TBM accidents which were time-consuming and caused frequent variations in designs was performed to better understand this issue.This case shows that the dynamic changes in rock mass structure are the results of excavation-induced disturbances.Consequently,counter-measures are to be considered in the framework of the proposed DDC to avoid those unexpected results.
The deformation-controlling theory of rock mass structure,a basic theory in engineering geology,is critically important for understanding the deformation and failure patterns of rocks.It is also essential for calibration of mechanical parameters and stability evaluation of rock masses.At present,artificial constructioninduced disturbance is intense;and the dynamic variations of rock mass discontinuities and the rapidly intensive excavation disturbance associated with engineering performances become extremely complicated.The strength criteria of rock mass need to be considered in combination of rock deformation monitoring.Therefore,the dynamic control and adjustment of the rock mass structure are one of great challenging issues for engineering geologists.Although it is not easy to predict geological defects,we need to know the dynamic variations of geological structures in terms of construction-induced geohazards.Consequently,the controlling effects should be updated with elapsed time.Based on this,the discontinuity dynamic adjusting and controlling opinion(DDC) is put forward,which may be as attributed to the development of rock mass structure controlling theory.For comparison,a case of the Shanggongshan tunnel was employed where dynamic control and adjustment of rock mass during construction were not considered.Various geological defects such as caves and faults along the anticline axis were unexpectedly encountered in construction of this project.Thus,back analysis of the TBM accidents which were time-consuming and caused frequent variations in designs was performed to better understand this issue.This case shows that the dynamic changes in rock mass structure are the results of excavation-induced disturbances.Consequently,counter-measures are to be considered in the framework of the proposed DDC to avoid those unexpected results.
引文
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[14]许兵,胡瑞林.人地调谐时空论-防灾减灾的工程地质理论[J].工程地质学报,2004,(增):449–552.(XUBing,HURuilin.Time-spacetheory of harmony between human and earth-engineering geologicaltheory of disaster prevention and disaster reduction[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2004,(Supp.):449–552.(in Chinese))
[15]SHANG Y J,PARK H,YUAN G X,et al.From in-situ stress anddiscontinuities to the strength of granites:comparison and casestudy[J].Geosciences Journal,2008,12(4):361–372.
[16]SHANG Y J,PARK H,SHI Y Y,et al.Some large values of in-situstress and related engineering geological problems in China[J].Geosciences Journal,2010,14(2):135–153.
[17]尚彦军,史永跃,林达明,等.从浅埋花岗岩体中地应力测试深度与应力值间关系分析剥蚀厚度[J].岩土力学,2011,32(5):1430–1 436.(SHANG Yanjun,SHI Yongyue,LIN Daming,et al.Analysisof relationship between buried depth and variation of in-situ stress ingranitic rocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1 430–1 436.(in Chinese))
[18]王兰生,李天斌,赵其华.浅生时效构造与人类工程[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:1–156.(WANG Lansheng,LI Tianbin,ZHAOQihua.Shallow aging effect structure and human engineering[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:1–156.(in Chinese))
[19]钱七虎.分区破裂化研究现状和一些思考[C]//中国科协学会学术部编.深部岩石工程围岩分区破裂化效应.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2008:3–6.(QIAN Qihu.Review of researches on zonaldisintegration and some considerations[C]//Academic Department ofChina Association for Science and Technology ed.Zonal DisintegrationEffects in Rock Engineering at Large Depths.Beijing:China Scienceand Technology Press,2008:3–6.(in Chinese))
[20]黄光明,李云.掌鸠河引水供水工程输水工艺设计[J].云南水力发电,2003,19(2):41–64.(HUANG Guangming,LI Yun.Designof diversion and supply water from Zhangjiu River of Yunan[J].YunnanWater Power,2003,19(2):41–64.(in Chinese))
[21]SHANG Y J.WANG S J,YANG Z F,et al.Lessons from one tunnelboring machine project in Kunming City,China[C]//Proceedings ofthe IAEG2006.Nottingham,UK:[s.n.],2006.
[2]孙玉科,李建国.岩质边坡稳定性的工程地质研究[J].地质科学,1965,(4):330–352.(SUN Yuke,LI Jianguo.Engineering geologicalstudies of the stability of slope in rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geology:Scientia Geologica Sinica,1965,(4):330–352.(in Chinese))
[3]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:7.(SUNGuangzhong.Rock mass structural mechanics[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1988:7.(in Chinese))
[4]孙广忠.论“岩体结构控制论”[J].工程地质学报,1993,(1):14–18.(SUN Guangzhong.On the theory of structure-controlled rockmass[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1993,(1):14–18.(in Chinese))
[5]孙广忠.地质工程理论与实践[M].北京:地震出版社,1996:45–52.(SUN Guangzhong.Theory and practice of geological engineering[M].Beijing:Seismic Publishing House,1996:45–52.(in Chinese))
[6]黄鼎成.论工程地质评价中地质结构的级序性问题[R].北京:科学出版社,1987:15–24.(HUANG Dingcheng.Magnitude sequentialproblems in engineering geological assessment[R].Beijing:SciencePress,1987:15–24.(in Chinese))
[7]HOEK E,BROWN E T.Underground excavation in rock[R].London:The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy,1980.
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50287—1999水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.(TheNationalStandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GB50287—1999Specifications for engineering geological investigation for hydropowerprojects[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[9]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50086—2001锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2001.(The NationalStandards Compilation Group of People s Republic of China.GB50086—2001 Specifications for bolt-shotcrete support[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[10]王思敬.论岩石的地质本质性及其岩石力学演绎[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):433–450.(WANG Sijing.Geological natureof rock and its deduction for rock mechanics[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):433–450.(inChinese))
[11]杨志法,尚彦军,张路青,等.川藏公路地质灾害及其防治对策研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:54–89.(YANG Zhifa,SHANGYanjun,ZHANG Luqing,et al.Geohazards along Sichuan-TibetHighway and mitigation measurements[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:54–89.(in Chinese))
[12]尚彦军,杨志法,袁广祥,等.雅鲁藏布江大拐弯北部川藏公路地质灾害发育与分布研究[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2010:59–60,83–84.(SHANG Yanjun,YANG Zhifa,YUAN Guangxiang,et al.Geohazards development and distribution along Sichuan-Tibet Highway innorth of the Grand Canyon of Yarlu Tsangpo River[M].Beijing:ChinaRailway Publishing House,2010:59–60,83–84.(in Chinese))
[13]林达明,尚彦军,陈明星,等.雁门关隧道大变形突泥段地质结构与力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增1):2751–2 757.(LIN Daming,SHANG Yanjun,CHEN Mingxing,et al.Geological structures and mechanical analysis of large deformationmud bursting section in Yanmenguan Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.1):2 751–2 757.(in Chinese))
[14]许兵,胡瑞林.人地调谐时空论-防灾减灾的工程地质理论[J].工程地质学报,2004,(增):449–552.(XUBing,HURuilin.Time-spacetheory of harmony between human and earth-engineering geologicaltheory of disaster prevention and disaster reduction[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2004,(Supp.):449–552.(in Chinese))
[15]SHANG Y J,PARK H,YUAN G X,et al.From in-situ stress anddiscontinuities to the strength of granites:comparison and casestudy[J].Geosciences Journal,2008,12(4):361–372.
[16]SHANG Y J,PARK H,SHI Y Y,et al.Some large values of in-situstress and related engineering geological problems in China[J].Geosciences Journal,2010,14(2):135–153.
[17]尚彦军,史永跃,林达明,等.从浅埋花岗岩体中地应力测试深度与应力值间关系分析剥蚀厚度[J].岩土力学,2011,32(5):1430–1 436.(SHANG Yanjun,SHI Yongyue,LIN Daming,et al.Analysisof relationship between buried depth and variation of in-situ stress ingranitic rocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1 430–1 436.(in Chinese))
[18]王兰生,李天斌,赵其华.浅生时效构造与人类工程[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:1–156.(WANG Lansheng,LI Tianbin,ZHAOQihua.Shallow aging effect structure and human engineering[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:1–156.(in Chinese))
[19]钱七虎.分区破裂化研究现状和一些思考[C]//中国科协学会学术部编.深部岩石工程围岩分区破裂化效应.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2008:3–6.(QIAN Qihu.Review of researches on zonaldisintegration and some considerations[C]//Academic Department ofChina Association for Science and Technology ed.Zonal DisintegrationEffects in Rock Engineering at Large Depths.Beijing:China Scienceand Technology Press,2008:3–6.(in Chinese))
[20]黄光明,李云.掌鸠河引水供水工程输水工艺设计[J].云南水力发电,2003,19(2):41–64.(HUANG Guangming,LI Yun.Designof diversion and supply water from Zhangjiu River of Yunan[J].YunnanWater Power,2003,19(2):41–64.(in Chinese))
[21]SHANG Y J.WANG S J,YANG Z F,et al.Lessons from one tunnelboring machine project in Kunming City,China[C]//Proceedings ofthe IAEG2006.Nottingham,UK:[s.n.],2006.
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