四川盆地孝泉—丰谷构造带须家河组气藏气水分布控制因素及勘探潜力
摘要
孝泉—丰谷构造带位于四川盆地川西坳陷中段,同一构造带内上三叠统须家河组气藏气、水、干层共存,气水关系异常复杂。为弄清须家河组气藏气水分布的控制因素,利用气井历年地层水分析资料,结合生产动态数据研究了该区地层水的特征,认为钻井生产过程中产出水包含了凝析水以及地层水与凝析水的混合水,地层水的产出与气藏含气丰度密切相关。在此基础上,采用洛瓦克相图分析了气水分布的控制因素。结果表明:①须家河组气藏同一局部构造范围内底水、边水并存,地层水分布横向连通性差,平面上分布规模较小,为各自独立的气水系统;②古、今构造高部位均有利于水溶气脱溶成藏,但成藏期古构造起到了决定性作用;③高地层水矿化度、低地层压力区更有利于游离气气藏的发育。最后,分析了须二段、须四段的油气勘探潜力,结论认为:须二段、须四段游离气、溶解气共存,须二段水溶气脱溶程度高于须四段,勘探潜力更大;合理利用及开采水溶气有利于扩大气藏规模。
The Xiaoquan-Fenggu structural zone is located in the central section of Western Sichuan Depression.Gas,water and dry layers coexist in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Fm in this structural zone and the gas-water contract is very complex.In order to make clear the factors controlling gas-water contact in the Xujiahe Fm gas reservoirs,the produced water analysis results obtained over the years were integrated with the dynamic production performance data to study the characteristics of formation water.It is believed that the produced water during drilling operation and production is a mixture of condensate water and formation water.The production of condensate water is closely related with gas reservoir abundance.The Nvok phase diagrams were used to analyze the factors controlling gas-water contract.The following conclusions were obtained.(1) Edge water and bottom water coexist in a single local structure in the Xujiahe Fm gas reservoir.The lateral continuity of formation water is poor and its areal distribution is limited.Each local structure has a separate gas-water system.(2) Both the ancient and modern structural highs are favorable for the degassing and accumulation of water-dissolved gas.However,the palaeo-structure of reserv for oiring stage plays a decisive role.(3) Such areas with high formation water salinity and low formation pressure are more favorable the accumulation of free gas.Finally,the exploration potential of the 2nd and 4th members of Xujiahe Fm was analyzed.It is believed that free gas and dissolved gas coexist there,but in the 2nd member of Xujiahe Fm the degassing degree of water soluble gas is relatively higher,and this brings about a higher exploration potential there.Rational utilization and recovery of water dissolved gas is favorable for enlarging the scale of a gas reservoir.
The Xiaoquan-Fenggu structural zone is located in the central section of Western Sichuan Depression.Gas,water and dry layers coexist in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Fm in this structural zone and the gas-water contract is very complex.In order to make clear the factors controlling gas-water contact in the Xujiahe Fm gas reservoirs,the produced water analysis results obtained over the years were integrated with the dynamic production performance data to study the characteristics of formation water.It is believed that the produced water during drilling operation and production is a mixture of condensate water and formation water.The production of condensate water is closely related with gas reservoir abundance.The Nvok phase diagrams were used to analyze the factors controlling gas-water contract.The following conclusions were obtained.(1) Edge water and bottom water coexist in a single local structure in the Xujiahe Fm gas reservoir.The lateral continuity of formation water is poor and its areal distribution is limited.Each local structure has a separate gas-water system.(2) Both the ancient and modern structural highs are favorable for the degassing and accumulation of water-dissolved gas.However,the palaeo-structure of reserv for oiring stage plays a decisive role.(3) Such areas with high formation water salinity and low formation pressure are more favorable the accumulation of free gas.Finally,the exploration potential of the 2nd and 4th members of Xujiahe Fm was analyzed.It is believed that free gas and dissolved gas coexist there,but in the 2nd member of Xujiahe Fm the degassing degree of water soluble gas is relatively higher,and this brings about a higher exploration potential there.Rational utilization and recovery of water dissolved gas is favorable for enlarging the scale of a gas reservoir.
引文
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[2]于福生,王彦华,李晓剑,等.川西坳陷孝泉—丰谷构造带变形特征及成因机制模拟[J].地球科学与环境学报,2011,33(1):45-53.YU Fusheng,WANG Yanhua,LI Xiaojian,et al.Deformationcharacteristics and genetic simulation of Xiaoquan-FengguStructural Belt in west Sichuan Depression[J].Journal of EarthSciences and Environment,2011,33(1):45-53.
[3]林小兵,田景春,刘莉萍,等.等时格架及地震反演双重约束的精细砂体对比研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(3):417-423.LIN Xiaobing,TIAN Jingchun,LIU Liping,et al.Re-search on fine sandbody correlation method under the doub-le constraints of isochronous framework and seismic inver-sion[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technol-ogy,2011,40(3):417-423.
[4]曾小英,张娟,刘远洋,等.沉积期火山作用对川西坳陷须家河组优质储层的意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):50-60.ZENG Xiaoying,ZHANG Juan,LIU Yuanyang,et al.Sig-nificance of syndepositional volcanism to high quality reser-voirs in the Xujiahe Formation,western Sichuan Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(1):50-60.
[5]曾小英,张小青,钟玉梅.川西坳陷中段须家河组四段钙屑砂岩气层的成因[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):896-902.ZENG Xiaoying,ZHANG Xiaoqing,ZHONG Yumei.Ori-gin of calcarenaceous sandstone gas formation of the 4thmember of Xujiahe Formation in the middle part of westernSichuan Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(6):896-902.
[6]孟万斌,吕正祥,冯明石,等.致密砂岩自生伊利石的成因及其对相对优质储层发育的影响——以川西地区须四段储层为例[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):783-790.MENG Wanbin,LYU Zhengxiang,FENG Mingshi,et al.The origin of authigenic illite in tight sandstones and itseffect on the formation of relatively high-quality reservoirs:A case study on sandstones in the 4th member of XujiaheFormation,western Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(5):783-790.
[7]黎邦荣,叶军.试论川西坳陷致密砂岩的水溶脱气圈闭——以孝泉—新场—合兴场气田为例[J].四川石油普查,1999(1):57-66.LI Bangrong,YE Jun.Study on water-soluble gas trap of thetight sandstone gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Depression:In Xiaoquan-Xinchang-Hexingchang gas field as an example[J].Sichuan Petroleum Prospecting,1999(1):57-66.
[8]吴世祥,汪泽成,张林,等.川西地区上三叠统水化学场、水动力场与油气富集关系研究[J].石油实验地质,2002,24(1):61-68.WU Shixiang,WANG Zecheng,ZHANG Lin,et al.Chemical fields,hydrodynamical fields and gas enrichmentin the late Triassic of western Sichuan Basin[J].Experi-mental Petroleum Geology,2002,24(1):61-68.
[9]黎华继,张晟,安凤山,等.新场气田须二气藏气水分布探讨[J].天然气技术,2008,2(2):28-31.LI Huaji,ZHANG Sheng,AN Fengshan,et al.Gas andwater distribution in Xu'er Reservoir,Xinchang Gasfield[J].Natural Gas Technology,2008,2(2):28-31.
[10]赵永胜,周文.川西坳陷须二气藏凝析水地球化学特征及成因初探[J].天然气地球科学,1995,6(1):30-33.ZHAO Yongsheng,ZHOU Wen.Condensate water chemicalcharacter and causes of Xu2 Member Gas Field,western Si-chuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,1995,6(1):30-33.
[11]李伟,秦胜飞.四川盆地须家河组地层水微量元素与氢氧同位素特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(1):55-63.LI Wei,QIN Shengfei.Characteristics of trace elementsand hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the formation waterof the Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2012,33(1):55-63.
[12]徐思煌.水溶气非常规资源及其脱溶成藏[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(1):43-48.XU Sihuang.Unconventional dissolved gas resources in waterand gas pool formation with degasification[J].Geological Sci-ence and Technology Information,2010,29(1):43-48.
[13]李伟,秦胜飞,胡国艺.四川盆地须家河组水溶气的长距离侧向运移与聚集特征[J].天然气工业,2012,32(2):32-37.LI Wei,QIN Shengfei,HU Guoyi.Long-distance lateralmigration and accumulation of water-solved natural gas inthe Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas In-dustry,2012,32(2):32-37.
[14]张占国,卞从胜.水溶气的类型特征及成藏的主控因素探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2009,19(6):876-881.ZHANG Zhanguo,BIAN Congsheng.Category features ofwater-soluble gas and main controlling factors for its accumu-lation[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,19(6):876-881.
[15]赵泽君,张全林,刘岩,等.四川盆地水化学特征标准剖面的建立及其与天然气成藏的关系[J].天然气工业,2012,32(3):49-52.ZHAO Zejun,ZHANG Quanlin,LIU Yan,et al.Rela-tionship between hydro-chemical characteristics and gaspooling in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(3):49-52.
[16]刘四兵,沈忠民,吕正祥,等.川西坳陷中段须二段天然气成藏年代探讨[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2009,36(5):523-530.LIU Sibing,SHEN Zhongmin,LYU Zhengxiang,et al.Research on the geochronology of forming the gas pools ofMember 2of Xujiahe Formation in the middle West Si-chuan Depression,China[J].Journal of Chengdu Universi-ty of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2009,36(5):523-530.
[17]张世华,李汶国.川西坳陷T3x1-2油气成藏期研究[J].天然气工业,2005,25(12):19-21.ZHANG Shihua,LI Wenguo.Study on the reservoiringperiods of T3x1-2 in west Sichuan Depression[J].NaturalGas Industry,2005,25(12):19-21.
[18]刘方槐,颜婉荪.油气田水文地质学原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991.LIU Fanghuai,YAN Wansun.Principles of hydrogeologyof oil&gas fields[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1991.(修改回稿日期2013-04-02编辑罗冬梅)
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