地铁列车振动环境响应预测方法
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摘要
我国地铁列车振动环境响应预测中采用的经验法计算简单,可对线路上多个敏感目标快速预测,但它的缺点在于预测的输出量单一、预测精度低;解析法、半解析法和数值法可利用计算机模拟技术对单个敏感目标进行预测,但是用于同时预测地铁沿线多个敏感目标的列车振动环境响应时,计算工作量大、时间长,并且预测的精度和可靠性存在不确定性。为了降低预测误差、减少预测的不确定性,可辅之基于现场测试的两位校准法和实测传递函数法对预测模型进行校正和验证预测结果。为提高预测的可靠性,并兼顾预测精度和效率,应将整条地铁线路按敏感目标距线路的距离分为不同的预测区域、按照敏感目标对环境振动影响的敏感程度分为不同等级、按照地铁建设工程项目的各个设计阶段,综合运用既有各类预测方法,动态进行分区域、分等级和分阶段的地铁列车振动环境响应预测;建议开展既适用于整条地铁线路、又适用于线路个别重点敏感目标的地铁列车振动环境响应预测方法以及动态预测评价体系的研究。
The empirical method used for predicting subway train-induced environmental vibration responses in China is easy to calculate,and it can quickly predict vibrations for many sensitive objects near subway lines.Nevertheless,it has the disadvantages of single output index and low prediction precision.With the help of computer simulation,analytical,semi-analytical and numerical method can be used to predict certain sensitive object.When predictions for more objects are needed,however,there are large workloads and longer calculation time.Moreover,the uncertainties of prediction precision and reliability also exist.In order to reduce prediction errors and decrease prediction uncertainties,the calibration method with both two positions of input and output based on in-situ measurements as well as the measured transfer function can help calibrate prediction model and validate prediction results.To improve prediction reliability,and to consider both prediction precision and efficiency,prediction zones should be distinguished according to the distances between sensitive objects and subway lines,different classifications should be defined according to the sensitivities of objects to environmental vibration impacts,and different prediction stages should be distinguished by different design stages.The existing prediction methods are suggested to be integrated,and the dynamic vibration response predictions are suggested to be performed by different zones,classifications and stages.Finally,it is suggested that the design stage-accompanied prediction and evaluation system for subway train-induced vibrations should be developed in future,which can predict vibrations for both whole subway lines and certain sensitive objects.
The empirical method used for predicting subway train-induced environmental vibration responses in China is easy to calculate,and it can quickly predict vibrations for many sensitive objects near subway lines.Nevertheless,it has the disadvantages of single output index and low prediction precision.With the help of computer simulation,analytical,semi-analytical and numerical method can be used to predict certain sensitive object.When predictions for more objects are needed,however,there are large workloads and longer calculation time.Moreover,the uncertainties of prediction precision and reliability also exist.In order to reduce prediction errors and decrease prediction uncertainties,the calibration method with both two positions of input and output based on in-situ measurements as well as the measured transfer function can help calibrate prediction model and validate prediction results.To improve prediction reliability,and to consider both prediction precision and efficiency,prediction zones should be distinguished according to the distances between sensitive objects and subway lines,different classifications should be defined according to the sensitivities of objects to environmental vibration impacts,and different prediction stages should be distinguished by different design stages.The existing prediction methods are suggested to be integrated,and the dynamic vibration response predictions are suggested to be performed by different zones,classifications and stages.Finally,it is suggested that the design stage-accompanied prediction and evaluation system for subway train-induced vibrations should be developed in future,which can predict vibrations for both whole subway lines and certain sensitive objects.
引文
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[37]张玉娥,潘昌实.地铁区间隧道列车振动响应测试与数值分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1993,6(2):7-14.(ZHANG Yue,PAN Changshi.Test and Analyses of the Dynamic Response of Tunnels Subjected to Passing TrainLoad[J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Railway Institute,1993,6(2):7-14.in Chinese)
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[39]YANG Y B,HUNG H H.Soil Vibrations Caused by Underground Moving Trains[J].Journal of Geotechnical andGeoenvironmental Engineering,2008,134(11):1633-1644.
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[2]HAAK D.Simplified 3D Modeling of Soil Vibrations Induced by a High-Speed Train in a Tunnel[D].Delft,theNetherlands:Delft University of Technology,2004.
[3]QIAN Tao,ZHANG Yongfa,SHUI Xiaoping,et al.Study on Ground Vibrations Induced by High Speed MovingLoad in a Tunnel[C]//2nd International Conference on Railway Engineering(ICRE2012).Beijing:China RailwayPublishing House,2012:871-875.
[4]KPKE U G.Transverse Vibration of Buried Pipelines Due to Internal Excitation at a Point[J].Journal of ProcessMechanical Engineering,1993,207(1):41-59.
[5]FORREST J A.Modelling of Ground Vibration from Underground Railways[D].Cambridge:University of Cam-bridge,1999.
[6]FORREST J A,HUNT H E M.A Three-Dimensional Model for Calculation of Train-Induced Ground Vibration[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,294(4/5):678-705.
[7]FORREST J A,HUNT H E M.Ground Vibration Generated by Trains in Underground Tunnels[J].Journal ofSound and Vibration,2006,294(4/5):706-736.
[8]HUSSEIN Mohammed.Vibration from Underground Railways[D].Cambridge:University of Cambridge,2004.
[9]KUO K A,HUNT H E M,HUSSEIN M F M.The Effect of a Twin Tunnel on the Propagation of Ground-BorneVibration from an Underground Railway[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2011,330(25):6203-6222.
[10]KUO Kirsty.Vibration from Underground Railways:Considering Piled Foundations and Twin Tunnels[D].Cam-bridge:University of Cambridge,2010.
[11]LYSMER John,WAAS Günter.Shear Waves in Plane Infinite Structures[J].Journal of the Engineering MechanicsDivision,1972,98(1):85-105.
[12]KAUSEL Eduardo.Thin-Layer Method:Formulation in the Time Domain[J].International Journal for NumericalMethods in Engineering,1994,37(6):927-941.
[13]蒋通,田治见宏.地基-结构动力相互作用分析方法:薄层法原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2009.
[14]谢伟平,王国波,于艳丽.移动荷载作用下基于薄层单元法的土动力分析[J].华中科技大学学报:城市科学版,2004,21(2):8-11.(XIE Weiping,WANG Guobo,YU Yanli.Dynamic Analysis of Soil Induced by Moving Load Based on Thin LayeredElement Method[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology:Urban Science Edition,2004,21(2):8-11.in Chinese)
[15]蒋通,程昌熟.用薄层法分析高架轨道交通引发的环境振动[J].振动工程学报,2007,20(6):623-628.(JIANG Tong,CHENG Changshu.Environmental Vibration Induced by Elevated Railway Traffic Using Thin-LayerMethod[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2007,20(6):623-628.in Chinese)
[16]宋晓星.薄层法在地下轨道交通引发环境振动计算中的应用[D].上海:同济大学,2009.
[17]MADSHUS C,BESSASON B,HAVIK L.Prediction Model for Low Frequency Vibration from High Speed Rail-ways on Soft Ground[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,193(1):195-203.
[18]马蒙.基于敏感度的地铁列车振动环境影响预测及动态评价体系研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.(MA Meng.Study on the Prediction of Metro Train-Induced Vibrations Based on Sensitivity of Environmental Influ-ence and Design Stage-Accompanied Evaluation System[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.in Chinese)
[19]KURZWEIL L G.Ground-Borne Noise and Vibration from Underground Rail Systems[J].Journal of Sound and Vi-bration,1979,66(3):363-370.
[20]MELKE J.Noise and Vibration from Underground Railway Lines:Proposals for a Prediction Procedure[J].Journalof Sound and Vibration,1988,120(2):391-406.
[21]中华人民共和国环境保护部.HJ453-2008环境影响评价技术导则城市轨道交通[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[22]CHUA K H,LO K W,BALENDRA T.Building Response Due to Subway Train Traffic[J].Journal of Geotechni-cal Engineering,1995,121(11):747-754.
[23]SCHILLEMANS L.Impact of Sound and Vibration of the North-South High-Speed Railway Connection Through theCity of Antwerp Belgium[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,267(3):637-649.
[24]刘维宁,夏禾,郭文军.地铁列车振动的环境响应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(增刊):586-593.(LIU Weining,XIA He,GUO Wenjun.Environmental Response of Metro Train Vibrations[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(Supplement):586-593.in Chinese)
[25]贾颖绚,刘维宁,孙晓静,等.三维交叠隧道列车运营对环境的振动影响[J].铁道学报,2009,31(2):104-109.(JIA Yingxuan,LIU Weining,SUN Xiaojing,et al.Vibration Effect on Surroundings Induced by Passing Trains inSpatial Overlapping Tunnels[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2009,31(2):104-109.in Chinese)
[26]钱春宇,郑建国,宋春雨.西安钟楼台基受地铁运行振动响应的分析[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(增刊):177-181.(QIAN Chunyu,ZHENG Jianguo,SONG Chunyu.Dynamic Response Analysis of Bell Tower Foundation Induced byTrain Running on Metro in Xian[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(Supplement):177-181.in Chi-nese)
[27]CLOUTEAU D,ARNST M,AL-HUSSAINI T M,et al.Free Field Vibrations Due to Dynamic Loading on a Tun-nel Embedded in a Stratified Medium[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2005,283(1/2):173-199.
[28]GUPTA S.A Numerical Model for Predicting Vibrations from Underground Railways[D].Belgium,Leuven:Katholiek Universiteit Leuven,2008.
[29]GUPTA S,HUSSEIN M F M,DEGRANDE G,et al.A Comparison of Two Numerical Models for the Prediction ofVibrations from Underground Railway Traffic[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2007,27(7):608-624.
[30]GUPTA S,LIU W F,DEGRANDE G,et al.Prediction of Vibrations Induced by Underground Railway Traffic inBeijing[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008,310(3):608-630.
[31]GUPTA S,STANUS Y,LOMBAERT G,et al.Influence of Tunnel and Soil Parameters on Vibrations from Under-ground Railways[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2009,327(1/2):70-91.
[32]刘卫丰.地铁列车运行引起的隧道及自由场动力响应数值预测模型研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.(LIU Weifeng.Study on Numerical Prediction Model of Metro Train Induced Vibrations in Tunnels and Free Fields[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2009.in Chinese)
[33]DING Deyun,GUPTA Shashank,LIU Weining,et al.Prediction of Vibrations Induced by Trains on Line 8of Bei-jing Metro[J].Journal of Zhejiang University Science A,2010,11(4):208-293.
[34]DING Deyun,LIU Weining,GUPTA S,et al.Prediction of Vibration from Underground Trains on Beijing MetroLine 15[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2010,17(5):1109-1118.
[35]SHENG X,JONES C J C,THOMPSON D J.Modelling Ground Vibration from Railways Using Wavenumber Finite-and Boundary-Element Methods[J].Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences,2005,461:2043-2070.
[36]SHENG X,JONES C J C,THOMPSON D J.Prediction of Ground Vibration from Trains Using the WavenumberFinite and Boundary Element Method[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,293(3/4/5):575-586.
[37]张玉娥,潘昌实.地铁区间隧道列车振动响应测试与数值分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1993,6(2):7-14.(ZHANG Yue,PAN Changshi.Test and Analyses of the Dynamic Response of Tunnels Subjected to Passing TrainLoad[J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Railway Institute,1993,6(2):7-14.in Chinese)
[38]YANG Yeongbin,HUANG Hsiaohui.A 2.5DFinite/Infinite Element Approach for Modelling Visco-Elastic BodiesSubjected to Moving Loads[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2001,51(11):1317-1336.
[39]YANG Y B,HUNG H H.Soil Vibrations Caused by Underground Moving Trains[J].Journal of Geotechnical andGeoenvironmental Engineering,2008,134(11):1633-1644.
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