煤矸石地基在强夯冲击荷载作用下的物理模型试验研究
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摘要
为了研究强夯法加固煤矸石地基的加固效果,了解强夯过程中不同深度处动应力分布规律,测定不同夯击能的有效加固深度,进行室内模型试验研究。用DH5939动态应变仪采集不同夯击能、不同击数、不同测点位置煤矸石地基中的动应力。试验结果表明:单击夯沉量随夯击次数的增加而减小。在夯击次数相同情况下,单击夯击能越大,夯沉量也越大。在强夯作用下,动应力主要为单一的波峰,没有明显的第二波峰,作用时间极短,动应力达到峰值所需的时间明显小于衰减时间。沿夯锤不同深度的动应力达到峰值具有明显的时滞性,在同一深度,随着夯击能、夯击次数的增加,动应力也相应增加。另外,强夯后煤矸石地基的物理力学特性指标如压实度、黏聚力等较夯前有较大提高,夯击能越大,提高幅度越明显,夯击能相同时,距夯点位置越近,提高幅度越明显。满足实际工程需要的最佳夯击能约为3 000 kN.m,最佳夯击击数为7～9击。该成果不仅适用于强夯法处理煤矸石地基,对其他松散易碎介质如建筑渣土的强夯地基加固也有一定的参考价值。
In order to study reinforcement effect in coal gangue foundation improved by dynamic compaction,the distribution and rules of the dynamic stress at different depths,effective strengthening depths under different impact loadings,a serial of physical model tests are carried out.The dynamic strain gauge DH5939 is used to record the induced dynamic stress of different tamping energies,different blows and different measuring points.It is shown that the single blow settlement decreases with the increase of the number of tamping and increases with the increase of tamping energy under the same blows.The dynamic stress has mainly a single peak,no obvious second crest,acts in a very short time and the time that dynamic stress reaches peak is less than the decay time.It has a significant decay to reach the peak under the impact loadings along the depth of the hammer.For the same depth,with increasing of tamping energy and compaction number,the dynamic stress increases correspondingly.In addition,the physico-mechanical properties of the coal gangue foundation such as degree of compaction and cohesion have greatly improved after dynamic compaction;and they increase with the increasing of tamping energy,the distance from the rammer point is more near,the increasing amplitude is more obvious under the same tamping energy.It is concluded that the best tamping energy is about 3 000 kN?m and the best blow count is 7–9 blows for meeting the actual engineering.The results are suitable for coal gangue foundations improved by dynamic compaction.These results also have a certain reference value for other loose friable media such as construction wastes.
In order to study reinforcement effect in coal gangue foundation improved by dynamic compaction,the distribution and rules of the dynamic stress at different depths,effective strengthening depths under different impact loadings,a serial of physical model tests are carried out.The dynamic strain gauge DH5939 is used to record the induced dynamic stress of different tamping energies,different blows and different measuring points.It is shown that the single blow settlement decreases with the increase of the number of tamping and increases with the increase of tamping energy under the same blows.The dynamic stress has mainly a single peak,no obvious second crest,acts in a very short time and the time that dynamic stress reaches peak is less than the decay time.It has a significant decay to reach the peak under the impact loadings along the depth of the hammer.For the same depth,with increasing of tamping energy and compaction number,the dynamic stress increases correspondingly.In addition,the physico-mechanical properties of the coal gangue foundation such as degree of compaction and cohesion have greatly improved after dynamic compaction;and they increase with the increasing of tamping energy,the distance from the rammer point is more near,the increasing amplitude is more obvious under the same tamping energy.It is concluded that the best tamping energy is about 3 000 kN?m and the best blow count is 7–9 blows for meeting the actual engineering.The results are suitable for coal gangue foundations improved by dynamic compaction.These results also have a certain reference value for other loose friable media such as construction wastes.
引文
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[11]张清峰,王东权,王伟.强夯法加固煤矸石地基破碎密实机制探讨[J].建筑科学,2010,26(7):13–16.(ZHANG Qingfeng,WANGDongquan,WANG Wei.Research on mechanism of dynamiccompaction of crushing compression of coal gangue[J].BulidingScience,2010,26(7):13–16.(in Chinese))
[12]张清峰.强夯加固煤矸石地基物理模拟试验研究[J].铁道建筑,2010,(2):52–54.(ZHANG Qingfeng.Model tests s in colliery wastesimproved by dynamic compaction[J].Railway Engineering,2010,(2):52–54.(in Chinese))
[13]石亮.冲击作用下砂土地基地面变形规律的模型试验研究[硕士学位论文][D].赣州:江西理工大学,2011.(SHI Liang.Model testson ground deformation rules in sand foundation improved by dynamiccompaction[M.S.Thesis][D].Ganzhou:Jiangxi University of Scienceand Technology,2011.(in Chinese))
[14]赵康,石亮,罗嗣海.一种便捷强夯模型试验装置的设计及应用[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2012,44(2):224–229.(ZHAO Kang,SHI Liang,LUO Shihai.The design of aconvenient device for dynamic compaction model test and itsapplication[J].Journal of Xi an Architecture and TechnologyUniversity:Natural Science,2012,44(2):224–229.(in Chinese))
[15]冯世进,胡斌,张旭,等.强夯参数对夯击效果影响的室内模型试验[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(8):1147–1153.(FENG Shijin,HU Bin,ZHANG Xu,et al.Model test study on impactparameters influence on tamping effect[J].Journal of TongjiUniversity:Natural Science,2012,40(8):1 147–1 153.(in Chinese))
[16]韩文喜.上海浦东机场场道地基强夯处理极其机制研究[博士学位论文[D].成都:成都理工学院,1999.(HAN Wenxi.Study on themechanism of dynamic compaction of airport runway ShanghaiPudong[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chengdu:College of Chengdu Technology,1999.(in Chinese))
[17]郭庆国.粗粒土的工程特性及应用[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1998:41–43.(GUO Qingguo.Coarse-grained soil engineeringproperties and applications[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River ConservancyPress,1998:41–43.(in Chinese))
[18]张清峰.强夯法在煤矸石地基加固中的应用研究[硕士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2004.(ZHANG Qingfeng.Study on theapplication of dynamic compaction in coal gangue foundationimproving[M.S.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining andTechnology,2004.(in Chinese))
[2]费香泽,王钊,周正兵,等.黄土强夯的模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(4):437–441.(FEI Xiangze,WANG Zhao,ZHOUZhengbing,et al.Experimental research on dynamic compaction ofloess[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(4):437–441.(inChinese))
[3]谢能刚,王璐,邱晗.强夯动接触力的碰撞分析与并行优化求解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(13):2172–2176.(XIENenggang,WANG Lu,QIU Han.Collision analysis and paralleloptimum resolution for dynamic contact action[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(13):2 172–2 176.(inChinese))
[4]年廷凯,李鸿江,杨庆,等.不同土质条件下高能级强夯加固效果测试与对比分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(1):139–144.(NIAN Tingkai,LI Hongjiang,YANG Qing,et al.Improvementeffect of high energy dynamic compaction under complicatedgeological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(1):139–144.(in Chinese))
[5]贾敏才,王磊,周健.砂性土宏细观强夯加固机制的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):3282–3290.(JIAMincai,WANG Lei,ZHOU Jian.Experimental research onmacro-meso consolidation mechanism of sandy soil with dynamiccompaction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):3 282–3 290.(in Chinese))
[6]张兴元,张豫川,张可,等.高能级强夯室内模型试验研究[J].工程勘察,2011,(9):9–13.(ZHANG Xingyuan,ZHANG Yuchuan,ZHANG Ke,et al.Research on laboratory model experiment of highenergy dynamic compaction[J].Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying,2011,(9):9–13.(in Chinese))
[7]熊巨华,胡斌,冯世进,等.强夯法加固粉土地基室内模型试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(增):241–246.(XIONG Juhua,HU Bin,FENG Shijin,et al.Model test study on silt foundationimprovement by dynamic compaction[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(Supp.):241–246.(in Chinese))
[8]何长明,邹金锋,李亮.强夯动应力的量测及现场试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(4):628–632.(HE Changming,ZOUJinfeng,LI Liang.Field tests on measurement of dynamic stress ofdynamic compaction[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(4):628–632.(in Chinese))
[9]罗恒,邹金锋,李亮,等.红砂岩碎石土高填方路基强夯加固时的动应力扩散及土体变形试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):2 701–2 706.(LUO Heng,ZOU Jinfeng,LI Liang,et al.Test study on soil dynamic stress diffusion and deformationduring dynamic compaction in roadbed primed with large granule redstandstone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):2 701–2 706.(in Chinese))
[10]张清峰,王东权.强夯法加固煤矸石地基动应力模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(6):1142–1147.(ZHANG Qingfeng,WANG Dongquan.Model tests on dynamic stress in colliery wastesimproved by dynamic compaction[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2012,34(6):1 142–1 147.(in Chinese))
[11]张清峰,王东权,王伟.强夯法加固煤矸石地基破碎密实机制探讨[J].建筑科学,2010,26(7):13–16.(ZHANG Qingfeng,WANGDongquan,WANG Wei.Research on mechanism of dynamiccompaction of crushing compression of coal gangue[J].BulidingScience,2010,26(7):13–16.(in Chinese))
[12]张清峰.强夯加固煤矸石地基物理模拟试验研究[J].铁道建筑,2010,(2):52–54.(ZHANG Qingfeng.Model tests s in colliery wastesimproved by dynamic compaction[J].Railway Engineering,2010,(2):52–54.(in Chinese))
[13]石亮.冲击作用下砂土地基地面变形规律的模型试验研究[硕士学位论文][D].赣州:江西理工大学,2011.(SHI Liang.Model testson ground deformation rules in sand foundation improved by dynamiccompaction[M.S.Thesis][D].Ganzhou:Jiangxi University of Scienceand Technology,2011.(in Chinese))
[14]赵康,石亮,罗嗣海.一种便捷强夯模型试验装置的设计及应用[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2012,44(2):224–229.(ZHAO Kang,SHI Liang,LUO Shihai.The design of aconvenient device for dynamic compaction model test and itsapplication[J].Journal of Xi an Architecture and TechnologyUniversity:Natural Science,2012,44(2):224–229.(in Chinese))
[15]冯世进,胡斌,张旭,等.强夯参数对夯击效果影响的室内模型试验[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(8):1147–1153.(FENG Shijin,HU Bin,ZHANG Xu,et al.Model test study on impactparameters influence on tamping effect[J].Journal of TongjiUniversity:Natural Science,2012,40(8):1 147–1 153.(in Chinese))
[16]韩文喜.上海浦东机场场道地基强夯处理极其机制研究[博士学位论文[D].成都:成都理工学院,1999.(HAN Wenxi.Study on themechanism of dynamic compaction of airport runway ShanghaiPudong[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chengdu:College of Chengdu Technology,1999.(in Chinese))
[17]郭庆国.粗粒土的工程特性及应用[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1998:41–43.(GUO Qingguo.Coarse-grained soil engineeringproperties and applications[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River ConservancyPress,1998:41–43.(in Chinese))
[18]张清峰.强夯法在煤矸石地基加固中的应用研究[硕士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2004.(ZHANG Qingfeng.Study on theapplication of dynamic compaction in coal gangue foundationimproving[M.S.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining andTechnology,2004.(in Chinese))
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