面向黑河流域生态水文过程集成研究的科学数据汇交与管理
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摘要
科学数据汇交是科学数据共享的重要数据支撑,在重大科学研究计划中更需要考虑数据的汇交与共享。国家自然科学基金委员会于2010年正式启动了"黑河流域生态—水文过程集成研究"重大研究计划(以下简称"黑河计划")后,就将黑河计划的数据汇交与管理进行了多次讨论,于2012年推出《黑河计划数据汇交与共享管理条例》(以下简称"管理条例"),由黑河计划数据管理中心负责具体执行。黑河计划数据管理中心基于管理条例,设计并实现了面向黑河计划的科学数据汇交管理系统。回顾了科学数据汇交的发展现状,介绍了管理条例的核心内容,设计了黑河计划数据汇交的技术流程,并将数据提供者的权益保护嵌入到数据服务流程中,并根据黑河计划特点进行数据共享管理。针对数据汇交系统在实现中的关键技术问题进行了讨论,包括集成GeoNetwork系统实现元数据的撰写、以提高数据质量为目标的数据审核、高效的数据服务以及数据的知识挖掘4个方面。
Data collection could play an important role in the promotion of science data sharing,it is especially important in the major scientific research programs.While the integrated research on the eco-hydrological process of the Heihe River Basin(hereinafter referred to as"Heihe Plan")was officially launched in 2010by National Natural Science Foundation of China,the rule of data collection and sharing was also discussed by the experts of the Heihe Plan,and it was carried out in 2012by the Heihe Plan data center.The current development of the scientific data collection was reviewed,then the core of the rule of data collection and sharing of the Heihe Plan was introduced,a series of workflow were designed for the data collection system with protecting the intellectual property of the collected data.The key technologies are discussed from four aspects in the implementation of the data collection system:the integration of GeoNetwork,the data auditing system to promote the data quality,the fast data service system and the data mining supporting system.
Data collection could play an important role in the promotion of science data sharing,it is especially important in the major scientific research programs.While the integrated research on the eco-hydrological process of the Heihe River Basin(hereinafter referred to as"Heihe Plan")was officially launched in 2010by National Natural Science Foundation of China,the rule of data collection and sharing was also discussed by the experts of the Heihe Plan,and it was carried out in 2012by the Heihe Plan data center.The current development of the scientific data collection was reviewed,then the core of the rule of data collection and sharing of the Heihe Plan was introduced,a series of workflow were designed for the data collection system with protecting the intellectual property of the collected data.The key technologies are discussed from four aspects in the implementation of the data collection system:the integration of GeoNetwork,the data auditing system to promote the data quality,the fast data service system and the data mining supporting system.
引文
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[17]Li Xin,Wu Lizong,Ma Mingguo,et al.Digital Heihe RiverBasin.2:Data Integration[J].Advances in Earth Science,2010,25(3):306-316.[李新,吴立宗,马明国,等.数字黑河的思考与实践2:数据集成[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(3):306-316.]
[18]Li Xin,Li Xiaowen,Li Zengyuan.Watershed Allied TelemetryExperimental Research(WATER)Datasets are Available forOpen Access[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Applica-tion,2010,25(6):761-765.[李新,李小文,李增元.黑河综合遥感联合试验数据发布[J].遥感技术与应用,2010,25(6):761-765.]
[19]Li Xin,Liu Shaomin,Ma Mingguo,et al.HiWATER:An In-tegrated Remote Sensing Experiment on Hydrological and Ec-ological Processes in the Heihe River Basin[J].Advances inEarth Science,2012,27(5):481-498.[李新,刘绍民,马明国,等.黑河流域生态—水文过程综合遥感观测联合试验总体设计[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):481-498.]
[20]Li X,Cheng G,Liu S,et al.Heihe Watershed Allied Teleme-try Experimental Research(HiWATER):Scientific Objec-tives and Experimental Design[J].Bulletin of the AmericanMeteorological Society,2013:130121120822004.doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00154.
[21]Jin Rui,Li Xin,Yan Baoping,et al.Introduction of Eco-hydro-logical Wireless Sensor Network in the Heihe River Basin[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(9):993-1005.[晋锐,李新,阎保平,等.黑河流域生态水文传感器网络设计[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(9):993-1005.]
[22]Wu Lizong,Tu Yong,Wang Liangxu,et al.Application ofDigital Object Identifier in Scientific Data Publication[J].Chi-na Science&Technology Resources Review,2010,42(5):22-29.doi:10.3772/j.issn.1674-1544.2010.05.005.[吴立宗,涂勇,王亮绪,等.浅谈科学数据出版中的数字对象唯一标识符[J].中国科技资源导刊,2010,42(5):22-29.doi:10.3772/j.issn.1674-1544.2010.05.005.]
[23]Gebhardt S,Wehrmann T,Klinger V,et al.Improving DataManagement and Dissemination in Web based InformationSystems by Semantic Enrichment of Descriptive Data Aspects[J].Computers&Geosciences,2010,36(10):1362-1373.doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2010.03.010.
[24]ISO 19115:2003Geographic Information-Metadata[S].
[25]Ozana R,HorákováB.Actual State in developing GeoNet-work opensource and metadata network standardization[C]//2008:16.http://gis.vsb.cz/GIS_Ostrava/GIS_Ova_2008/sbornik/Lists/Papers/073.pdf.
[26]Wang Liangxu,Wu Lizong,Nan Zhuotong,et al.Applicationof Open Source Technologies in Geoscientific Data Centers[J].China Science&Technology Resources Review,2010,42(3):17-23,35.doi:10.3772/j.issn.1674-1544.2010.03.003.[王亮绪,吴立宗,南卓铜,等.开源技术在地球科学数据中心中的应用[J].中国科技资源导刊,2010,42(3):17-23,35.doi:10.3772/j.issn.1674-1544.2010.03.003.]
[27]Liu Runda,Zhu Yunqiang.GeoNetwork,Open Source Geo-graphic Information Sharing Platform&its Application Prac-tice[J].Geomatics World,2010,(6):38-44.[刘润达,诸云强.开源地理信息共享平台GeoNetwork及其定制应用实践[J].地理信息世界,2010,(6):38-44.]
[28]Chavan V,Penev L.The Data Paper:A Mechanism to In-centivize Data Publishing in Biodiversity Science[J].BMCBioinformatics,2011,12(Sup.15):S2.doi:10.1186/1471-2105-12-S15-S2.
[29]Huang X L,Hawkins B A,Qiao G X.Biodiversity Data Sha-ring:Will Peer-Reviewed Data Papers Work?[J].BioSci-ence,2013,63(1):5-6.doi:10.1525/bio.2013.63.1.2.
[2]Piwowar H A,Becich M J,Bilofsky H,et al.Towards a DataSharing Culture:Recommendations for Leadership from Aca-demic Health Centers[J].PLoS Med,2008,5(9):e183.doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050183.
[3]Parsons M A,Brodzik M J,Rutter N J.Data Management forthe Cold Land Processes Experiment:Improving HydrologicalScience[J].Hydrological Processes,2004,18(18):3637-3653.doi:10.1002/hyp.5801.
[4]Lu Peng,Miao Liangtian,Mo Jihong,et al.Speculation of LawSystem in the National Science and Technology Plan of Scien-tific Data Remit[J].Recent Developments in World Seismolo-gy,2007,(10):28-31.[路鹏,苗良田,莫纪宏,等.国家科技计划项目科学数据汇交的法律制度建设构想[J].国际地震动态,2007,(10):28-31.]
[5]Zhang Jie,Yang Bin,Zhang Xia.Outlook of Data Managementand Sharing in Chinese Polar Research Expedition[J].ChineseJournal of Polar Research,2004,16(2):151-158.[张洁,杨滨,张侠.2003/2004年极地基础数据共享工作进展[J].极地研究,2004,16(2):151-158.]
[6]Lin Danhong,Zhong Ling.Discuss about Scientific Data Col-lection of Experimental Research Project of Chinese Medicine[J].Science and Technology Management Research,2006,(11):125-127.[林丹红,钟伶.中医药实验性研究课题科学数据汇交探讨[J].科技管理研究,2006,(11):125-127.]
[7]Cai Jia'nan,Geng Qingzhai.Study on Concept and Data Col-lection System of Scientific Data Sharing of Water Resources[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hy-dropower Research,2006,4(1):31-35,41.[蔡佳男,耿庆斋.水利科学数据共享汇交体系探索与构建[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2006,4(1):31-35,41.]
[8]Geng Qingzhai,An Bo,Zhu Xingming.Research on Water Re-sources Scientific Data Collection System based on Metadata[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2009,40(5):81-85.[耿庆斋,安波,朱星明.基于元数据的水利科学数据汇交体系研究[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(5):81-85.]
[9]Zhao Ruixue.Research on the Data Collection and Manage-ment of Agriculture Data[J].Science and Technology Man-agement Research,2009,(8):284-286.[赵瑞雪.农业科学数据共享中数据汇交与管理研究[J].科技管理研究,2009,(8):284-286.]
[10]Wu Lizong,Qu Yonghua,Wang Liangxu,et al.Data Manage-ment and Its Sharing Application of Watershed Allied Telem-etry Experimental Research[J].Remote Sensing Technologyand Application,2010,25(6):772-881.[吴立宗,屈永华,王亮绪,等.黑河综合遥感联合试验的数据管理与共享[J].遥感技术与应用,2010,25(6):772-781.]
[11]Kan Aike,Zhu Lidong,Tang Jing,et al.Online Data SupportingPlatform for Large-scale and Comprehensive Geosciences ResearchProjects[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2012,33(1):91-97.[阚瑷珂,朱利东,汤晶,等.服务于大型综合地学科研项目的在线数据支撑平台[J].地球学报,2012,33(1):91-97.]
[12]Wang Juanle,Yang Yaping,Zhu Yunqiang,et al.Data Archiv-ing Progress and Data Types Analysis of National Basic Re-search Program of China(973Program)in Resource and En-vironment Field[J].Advances in Earth Science,2009,24(8):947-953.[王卷乐,杨雅萍,诸云强,等.“973”计划资源环境领域数据汇交进展与数据分析[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(8):947-953.]
[13]Shi Lei,Yuan Wei.Some Thoughts on the Long-term Mecha-nism Construction of S&T Resources Collection[J].ChinaScience&Technology Resources Review,2012,44(4):2-5.doi:10.3772/j.issn.1674-1544.2012.04.002.[石蕾,袁伟.建立科技计划资源汇交长效机制的思考[J].中国科技资源导刊,2012,44(4):2-5.doi:10.3772/j.issn.1674-1544.2012.04.002.]
[14]Li X,Nan Z,Cheng G,et al.Toward an Improved Data Stew-ardship and Service for Environmental and Ecological ScienceData in West China[J].International Journal of DigitalEarth,2011,4(4):347-359.doi:10.1080/17538947.2011.558123.
[15]Li Xin,Nan Zhuotong,Wu Lizong,et al.Environmental andEcological Science Data Center for West China:Integrationand Sharing of Environmental and Ecological Data[J].Ad-vances in Earth Science,2008,23(6):628-637.[李新,南卓铜,吴立宗,等.中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心:面向西部环境与生态科学的数据集成与共享[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(6):628-637.]
[16]Li Xin,Cheng Guodong,Wu Lizong.Digital Heihe River Ba-sin.1:An Information Infrastructure for the Watershed Sci-ence[J].Advances in Earth Science,2010,25(3):297-305.[李新,程国栋,吴立宗.数字黑河的思考与实践1:为流域科学服务的数字流域[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(3):297-305.]
[17]Li Xin,Wu Lizong,Ma Mingguo,et al.Digital Heihe RiverBasin.2:Data Integration[J].Advances in Earth Science,2010,25(3):306-316.[李新,吴立宗,马明国,等.数字黑河的思考与实践2:数据集成[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(3):306-316.]
[18]Li Xin,Li Xiaowen,Li Zengyuan.Watershed Allied TelemetryExperimental Research(WATER)Datasets are Available forOpen Access[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Applica-tion,2010,25(6):761-765.[李新,李小文,李增元.黑河综合遥感联合试验数据发布[J].遥感技术与应用,2010,25(6):761-765.]
[19]Li Xin,Liu Shaomin,Ma Mingguo,et al.HiWATER:An In-tegrated Remote Sensing Experiment on Hydrological and Ec-ological Processes in the Heihe River Basin[J].Advances inEarth Science,2012,27(5):481-498.[李新,刘绍民,马明国,等.黑河流域生态—水文过程综合遥感观测联合试验总体设计[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):481-498.]
[20]Li X,Cheng G,Liu S,et al.Heihe Watershed Allied Teleme-try Experimental Research(HiWATER):Scientific Objec-tives and Experimental Design[J].Bulletin of the AmericanMeteorological Society,2013:130121120822004.doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00154.
[21]Jin Rui,Li Xin,Yan Baoping,et al.Introduction of Eco-hydro-logical Wireless Sensor Network in the Heihe River Basin[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(9):993-1005.[晋锐,李新,阎保平,等.黑河流域生态水文传感器网络设计[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(9):993-1005.]
[22]Wu Lizong,Tu Yong,Wang Liangxu,et al.Application ofDigital Object Identifier in Scientific Data Publication[J].Chi-na Science&Technology Resources Review,2010,42(5):22-29.doi:10.3772/j.issn.1674-1544.2010.05.005.[吴立宗,涂勇,王亮绪,等.浅谈科学数据出版中的数字对象唯一标识符[J].中国科技资源导刊,2010,42(5):22-29.doi:10.3772/j.issn.1674-1544.2010.05.005.]
[23]Gebhardt S,Wehrmann T,Klinger V,et al.Improving DataManagement and Dissemination in Web based InformationSystems by Semantic Enrichment of Descriptive Data Aspects[J].Computers&Geosciences,2010,36(10):1362-1373.doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2010.03.010.
[24]ISO 19115:2003Geographic Information-Metadata[S].
[25]Ozana R,HorákováB.Actual State in developing GeoNet-work opensource and metadata network standardization[C]//2008:16.http://gis.vsb.cz/GIS_Ostrava/GIS_Ova_2008/sbornik/Lists/Papers/073.pdf.
[26]Wang Liangxu,Wu Lizong,Nan Zhuotong,et al.Applicationof Open Source Technologies in Geoscientific Data Centers[J].China Science&Technology Resources Review,2010,42(3):17-23,35.doi:10.3772/j.issn.1674-1544.2010.03.003.[王亮绪,吴立宗,南卓铜,等.开源技术在地球科学数据中心中的应用[J].中国科技资源导刊,2010,42(3):17-23,35.doi:10.3772/j.issn.1674-1544.2010.03.003.]
[27]Liu Runda,Zhu Yunqiang.GeoNetwork,Open Source Geo-graphic Information Sharing Platform&its Application Prac-tice[J].Geomatics World,2010,(6):38-44.[刘润达,诸云强.开源地理信息共享平台GeoNetwork及其定制应用实践[J].地理信息世界,2010,(6):38-44.]
[28]Chavan V,Penev L.The Data Paper:A Mechanism to In-centivize Data Publishing in Biodiversity Science[J].BMCBioinformatics,2011,12(Sup.15):S2.doi:10.1186/1471-2105-12-S15-S2.
[29]Huang X L,Hawkins B A,Qiao G X.Biodiversity Data Sha-ring:Will Peer-Reviewed Data Papers Work?[J].BioSci-ence,2013,63(1):5-6.doi:10.1525/bio.2013.63.1.2.
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