新型双光栅水平向地震检波器的研究
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摘要
针对地震勘探中横波检波灵敏度低的问题,提出了一种基于菲涅耳衍射理论的双光栅水平向地震检波器。介绍了系统的工作原理,通过使用新的人工地震动模拟函数,研究检波器力学模型运动微分方程的解和频率特性,证明了系统的可行性。推导了激光束经过双光栅系统衍射后的场分布和光强,仿真分析表明,沿接收屏纵向强度呈波形分布,利于光电信号转换,推出了条纹频率与地震动水平向速度的关系式,利用对称指示光栅提出了一种对地震动位移、速度进行辨向并记录平衡位置时间的简便方法。初步计算该检波器的灵敏度为136pm,动态范围达144dB,与其他检波器相比,对应的性能参数值提高了10%以上,有良好的工程应用前景。
A new type of short-period horizontal geophone is developed for solving the low sensitivity for detecting ground motion caused by S-wave, which mainly constructed with a vibration limit pendulum and a double-grating diffraction system. The working principle of this geophone is introduced. Its feasibility is proved by analyzing the differential vibration equation and frequency characteristic of mechanical model using a new simulation function of artificial ground motion and theoretical studying the diffraction field after superposed gratings. The light intensity on receiving screen is derived by applying Fresnel diffraction theory. The horizontal velocity of ground motion is calculated through putting forward an easy way to determine the relation between fringe frequency and ground motion speed, and record the time when pendulum passes through the equilibrium position based on the symmetric indicative grating. The dynamic range and sensitivity of geophone system that uses 1800 grooves/mm gratings and 4096 fringe subdivision technique is around 144 dB and 136 pm, respectively. Compared with other kinds of geophone, the corresponding parameters of this newly system is improved at least 10%, showing its application potential in exploration engineering.
A new type of short-period horizontal geophone is developed for solving the low sensitivity for detecting ground motion caused by S-wave, which mainly constructed with a vibration limit pendulum and a double-grating diffraction system. The working principle of this geophone is introduced. Its feasibility is proved by analyzing the differential vibration equation and frequency characteristic of mechanical model using a new simulation function of artificial ground motion and theoretical studying the diffraction field after superposed gratings. The light intensity on receiving screen is derived by applying Fresnel diffraction theory. The horizontal velocity of ground motion is calculated through putting forward an easy way to determine the relation between fringe frequency and ground motion speed, and record the time when pendulum passes through the equilibrium position based on the symmetric indicative grating. The dynamic range and sensitivity of geophone system that uses 1800 grooves/mm gratings and 4096 fringe subdivision technique is around 144 dB and 136 pm, respectively. Compared with other kinds of geophone, the corresponding parameters of this newly system is improved at least 10%, showing its application potential in exploration engineering.
引文
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7LHaibao,Cao Juliang,Su Shaojinget al..Displacement measurement with nonsymmetrical double gratings[J].Acta Armamentarii,2000,21(4):331~333吕海宝,曹聚亮,苏绍景等.非对称双光栅位移测量研究[J].兵工学报,2000,21(4):331~333
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14R.H.Scanlan,K.Sachs.Earthquake ti me histories and response spectra[J].J.the Engineering Mechanics Division,1974,100(4):635~655
15Chen Guoxing.Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007,73-85陈国兴.岩土地震工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007,73~85
16Hu Yuxian,He Xun.Phase angle consideration in generating response spectrum-compatible ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1986,6(2):37~51胡聿贤,何训.考虑相位谱的人造地震动反应谱拟合[J].地震工程与工程振动,1986,6(2):37~51
17Lin Jiahao,Zhang Yahui,Sun Dongkeet al..Fast and precise computation of structural responses to non-uniformly modulated evolutionary random excitations[J].Chinese J.Computational Mechanics,1997,14(1):2~8林家浩,张亚辉,孙东科等.受非均匀调制演变随机激励结构响应快速精确计算[J].计算力学学报,1997,14(1):2~8
18M.Amin,A.H.S.Ang.Nonstationary stochastic models of earthquake motions[J].J.the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1968,94(2):559~583
19Zhang Wei.The Experi ments of Using Small Artificial Seismic Sources to Explore Regional Deep Structure of The Earth[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang University,2008,3~7,16~18张尉.利用小当量人工震源进行区域性深部探测的试验研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2008,3~7,16~18
20Peter M.Shearer.Introduction to Seismology[M].University of Cambridge,1999,166~175
21Institute of Geophysics of China Administration.China Seismograph Network Observation Report[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1973-1989国家地震局地震物理研究所.中国地震台网观测报告[M].北京:地震出版社,1973-1989
22Guo Fuyuan,Li Lianhuang,Wang Minghua.Gaussian approxi mation for mode field distribution of dielectric planar waveguide TE0mode[J].Chinese J.Lasers,2008,35(2):235~239郭福源,李连煌,王明华.介质平面光波导TE0模模场分布的高斯近似[J].中国激光,2008,35(2):235~239
23Lu Yaxiong,Yu Xuecai,Zhang Xiaoxia.Laser Physics[M].Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2005,11~15卢亚雄,余学才,张晓霞.激光物理[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2005,11~15
24J.W.Goodman.Introduction to Fourier Optics[M].Roberts and Company Publishers,Inc,2006,51~88
25Liang Quanting.Physical Optics[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2008,245~260梁铨廷.物理光学[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008,245~260
26Wan Lingyu,Zhang Weiping,Chen Maoxinet al..Intensity of combined beams in bi-grating i maging[J].Chinese J.Lasers,2007,34(8):1096~1100万玲玉,张卫平,陈茂鑫等.双光栅成像中的汇合级光能量[J].中国激光,2007,34(8):1096~1100
27Wang Junli,Li Dayi,Liu Lin.Rapid-subdivision method of Moire fringe andits applications onthe photoelectric rotary encoders[J].Microfabrication Technology,2005,(4):16~20王君立,李大一,刘琳.莫尔条纹快速细分在光电轴角编码器中的应用[J].微细加工技术,2005,(4):16~20
28Tang Xiaoqi,Liu Shifeng,Wang Pingjianget al..Error analysis for amplitude segmenting subdivision of Moire fringe[J].Acta Metrologica Sinica,2007,28(3):220~223唐小琦,刘世峰,王平江等.正切法莫尔条纹信号幅值分割细分的误差分析[J].计量学报,2007,28(3):220~223
29Luo Hua,Gao Shan,Li Xianglong.Realization of high division number of coarse grating signals byfully digital processing method[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2007,15(2):283~288罗华,高山,李翔龙.粗光栅信号全数字化处理法实现高倍数细分[J].光学精密工程,2007,15(2):283~288
30H.Goldberg,J.Gannon,J.Marsh.An extremely low-noise micromachined accelerometer with custom ASIC circuitry[J].Sensors,Applied MEMS Inc,2001,5
31Fang Bing.Research of the performance i mprovement of coil-moving geophone[D].Jilin University,2009,1~4方兵.动圈式地震检波器性能优化研究[D].吉林大学,2009,1~4
32Liu Shenghu,Xing Yamin.Design and research of piezoelectric acceleration geophone[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2007,26(8):29~34刘升虎,邢亚敏.一种压电加速度地震检波器的设计与研究[J].传感器与微系统,2007,26(8):29~34
33Wu Guoguang,Zhan Yuanling.Optics[M].Beijing:People′s Education Press,1980,359~361毋国光,战元令.光学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1980,359~361
2Ma Chao,Qiao Xueguang,Jia Zhenanet al..Research and application of fiber Bragg grating geophone[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):622~626马超,乔学光,贾振安等.光纤布拉格光栅地震检波器的研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):622~626
3Gao Hua,Li Shuqing,Nan Zhonglianget al..Study of grating geophone[J].Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology,2003,39(1):40~42高华,李淑清,南忠良等.光栅地震检波器的研究[J].航空精密制造技术,2003,39(1):40~42
4Zhou Xuefang,Liang Lei.The structure design and emulation of characteristics of fiber Bragg grating geophone[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(3):177~180周雪芳,梁磊.光纤光栅地震检波器结构设计与性能仿真研究[J].地震工程与工程震动,2005,25(3):177~180
5Du Zhenhui,Li Zhigang,Gao Huaet al..Novel seismometer based on grating Doppler effect[J].J.Tianjin University,2005,38(5):391~394杜振辉,李志刚,高华等.光栅多普勒效应新型地震检波器[J].天津大学学报,2005,38(5):391~394
6G.Tao,X.Zhang,X.Liuet al..A new type of fiber Bragg grating based seismic geophone[J].Appl.Geophys.,2009,6(1):84~92
7LHaibao,Cao Juliang,Su Shaojinget al..Displacement measurement with nonsymmetrical double gratings[J].Acta Armamentarii,2000,21(4):331~333吕海宝,曹聚亮,苏绍景等.非对称双光栅位移测量研究[J].兵工学报,2000,21(4):331~333
8LHaibao,Xu Tao,Yang Huayonget al..Fourier analysis for precision displacement measurement with a doubly blazed reference grating[J].J.National University of Defense Technology,2000,22(3):96~99吕海宝,徐涛,杨华勇等.双极闪耀光栅位移精密测量的傅里叶分析[J].国防科技大学学报,2000,22(3):96~99
9Chen Xiangfu,An Xifeng.Application of seismic shear wave detectionin dividing shallow strata of rock and soil[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5)1655~1659陈相府,安西峰.地震横波勘探及其在浅层岩土分层中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5)1655~1659
10T.S.Yun,F.M.Francisca,J.C.Santamarinaet al..Compressional and shear wave velocities in uncemented sedi ment containing gas hydrate[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32:L10609-1~L10609-5
11Wang Daxing,Xin Kefeng,Li Youminget al..An experi mental study of influence of water saturation on velocity and attenuation in sandstone under stratumconditions[J].Chinese J.Geophysics,2006,49(3):908~914王大兴,辛可锋,李幼铭等.地层条件下砂岩含水饱和度对波速及衰减影响的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):908~914
12Zhao Fuyou,Wang Shiyu,Wang Dian.Application of seismic shear wave prospectingin detection of active faults in Changchun city[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(1):284~288赵富有,王世煜,王典.横波地震勘查技术在长春市活断层探测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):284~288
13Xiu Baishan,Wang Ende,Tian Ganget al..Detecting underground water-bearing caves by seismic transverse wave reflection method[J].J.Northeastern University(Natural Science),2006,27(1):84~87徐白山,王恩德,田钢等.地震横波反射法探测含水洞(的研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(1):84~87
14R.H.Scanlan,K.Sachs.Earthquake ti me histories and response spectra[J].J.the Engineering Mechanics Division,1974,100(4):635~655
15Chen Guoxing.Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007,73-85陈国兴.岩土地震工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007,73~85
16Hu Yuxian,He Xun.Phase angle consideration in generating response spectrum-compatible ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1986,6(2):37~51胡聿贤,何训.考虑相位谱的人造地震动反应谱拟合[J].地震工程与工程振动,1986,6(2):37~51
17Lin Jiahao,Zhang Yahui,Sun Dongkeet al..Fast and precise computation of structural responses to non-uniformly modulated evolutionary random excitations[J].Chinese J.Computational Mechanics,1997,14(1):2~8林家浩,张亚辉,孙东科等.受非均匀调制演变随机激励结构响应快速精确计算[J].计算力学学报,1997,14(1):2~8
18M.Amin,A.H.S.Ang.Nonstationary stochastic models of earthquake motions[J].J.the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1968,94(2):559~583
19Zhang Wei.The Experi ments of Using Small Artificial Seismic Sources to Explore Regional Deep Structure of The Earth[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang University,2008,3~7,16~18张尉.利用小当量人工震源进行区域性深部探测的试验研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2008,3~7,16~18
20Peter M.Shearer.Introduction to Seismology[M].University of Cambridge,1999,166~175
21Institute of Geophysics of China Administration.China Seismograph Network Observation Report[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1973-1989国家地震局地震物理研究所.中国地震台网观测报告[M].北京:地震出版社,1973-1989
22Guo Fuyuan,Li Lianhuang,Wang Minghua.Gaussian approxi mation for mode field distribution of dielectric planar waveguide TE0mode[J].Chinese J.Lasers,2008,35(2):235~239郭福源,李连煌,王明华.介质平面光波导TE0模模场分布的高斯近似[J].中国激光,2008,35(2):235~239
23Lu Yaxiong,Yu Xuecai,Zhang Xiaoxia.Laser Physics[M].Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press,2005,11~15卢亚雄,余学才,张晓霞.激光物理[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2005,11~15
24J.W.Goodman.Introduction to Fourier Optics[M].Roberts and Company Publishers,Inc,2006,51~88
25Liang Quanting.Physical Optics[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2008,245~260梁铨廷.物理光学[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008,245~260
26Wan Lingyu,Zhang Weiping,Chen Maoxinet al..Intensity of combined beams in bi-grating i maging[J].Chinese J.Lasers,2007,34(8):1096~1100万玲玉,张卫平,陈茂鑫等.双光栅成像中的汇合级光能量[J].中国激光,2007,34(8):1096~1100
27Wang Junli,Li Dayi,Liu Lin.Rapid-subdivision method of Moire fringe andits applications onthe photoelectric rotary encoders[J].Microfabrication Technology,2005,(4):16~20王君立,李大一,刘琳.莫尔条纹快速细分在光电轴角编码器中的应用[J].微细加工技术,2005,(4):16~20
28Tang Xiaoqi,Liu Shifeng,Wang Pingjianget al..Error analysis for amplitude segmenting subdivision of Moire fringe[J].Acta Metrologica Sinica,2007,28(3):220~223唐小琦,刘世峰,王平江等.正切法莫尔条纹信号幅值分割细分的误差分析[J].计量学报,2007,28(3):220~223
29Luo Hua,Gao Shan,Li Xianglong.Realization of high division number of coarse grating signals byfully digital processing method[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2007,15(2):283~288罗华,高山,李翔龙.粗光栅信号全数字化处理法实现高倍数细分[J].光学精密工程,2007,15(2):283~288
30H.Goldberg,J.Gannon,J.Marsh.An extremely low-noise micromachined accelerometer with custom ASIC circuitry[J].Sensors,Applied MEMS Inc,2001,5
31Fang Bing.Research of the performance i mprovement of coil-moving geophone[D].Jilin University,2009,1~4方兵.动圈式地震检波器性能优化研究[D].吉林大学,2009,1~4
32Liu Shenghu,Xing Yamin.Design and research of piezoelectric acceleration geophone[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2007,26(8):29~34刘升虎,邢亚敏.一种压电加速度地震检波器的设计与研究[J].传感器与微系统,2007,26(8):29~34
33Wu Guoguang,Zhan Yuanling.Optics[M].Beijing:People′s Education Press,1980,359~361毋国光,战元令.光学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1980,359~361
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