水利工程震害中土工结构低应力破坏实例分析
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摘要
实际工程活动与低应力下土石料工程性质密切相关。总结了与低应力条件相关的工程活动,在总结分析以往地震中堤防和坝体滑坡案例的基础上,指出滑坡深度通常小于7 m,其上覆有效应力大多小于100 kPa。在对106组地震液化数据资料分析的基础上,指出地基液化大多发生在上覆有效应力低于100 kPa的低应力条件下。在目前的研究中,通常只关注中、高应力条件下土石料的工程性质。在应用中低应力区的土石料计算参数取值通常与中、高应力条件下获得的强度和变形参数一致,而高、低应力条件下土石料的强度和变形特性是不同的,这种计算参数取值方法的适用性存在疑虑。因此,研究低应力条件下土石料的工程性质,探讨数值计算中低应力条件下土石料计算参数的取值方法,具有重要的工程意义和科学价值。
Practical engineering activities are closely related to engineering properties of soil-rock materials under low confining stress.Cases of landslides of Levees and dams due to earthquake were summarized and analyzed;and it revealed that the depth of landslides was usually less than 7m,and the effective overburden stress was usually not more than 100 kPa.106 cases of the foundation liquefaction were analyzed;and it is revealed that the foundation liquefaction occurred mostly at where the effective overburden stress below 100 kPa.In the present study,only the properties of soil-rock materials under high confining stress are paid great attention,and in applications the parameters of soil-rock materials under low confining stress are assigned the same as those under medium to high confining stress;while the reliability of this parameter selection method is disputable for the properties of soil-rock materials are seriously dependent on the stress.Therefore,study of the engineering properties of soil-rock materials under low confining stress and discussing the corresponding parameters selection method in numerical simulation have great significance both to engineering practice and scientific research.
Practical engineering activities are closely related to engineering properties of soil-rock materials under low confining stress.Cases of landslides of Levees and dams due to earthquake were summarized and analyzed;and it revealed that the depth of landslides was usually less than 7m,and the effective overburden stress was usually not more than 100 kPa.106 cases of the foundation liquefaction were analyzed;and it is revealed that the foundation liquefaction occurred mostly at where the effective overburden stress below 100 kPa.In the present study,only the properties of soil-rock materials under high confining stress are paid great attention,and in applications the parameters of soil-rock materials under low confining stress are assigned the same as those under medium to high confining stress;while the reliability of this parameter selection method is disputable for the properties of soil-rock materials are seriously dependent on the stress.Therefore,study of the engineering properties of soil-rock materials under low confining stress and discussing the corresponding parameters selection method in numerical simulation have great significance both to engineering practice and scientific research.
引文
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[4]WANG WENSHAO.Earthquake damages of earth damsand levees in relation to soil liquefaction and weakness insoft clays[C]//International Conference on Case Historiesin Geotechnical Engineering.St.Louis:[s.n.],1984:511-521.
[5]JIRO FUKUI.Report on the 26 September,2003Tokachi-Oki Earthquake,Japan[J].UJNR Panel onWind and Seismic Effects,2003,1(4):1-9.
[6]SAKAMOTO S,YOSHIDA H,YAMAGUCHI Y,et al.Numerical simulation of sliding of an earth dam duringthe 1995 Kobe earthquake[C]//Proceeding of the 3rd US-Japan Workshop on Advanced Research on EarthquakeEngineering for Dams.San Diego:[s.n.],2001.
[7]WANG WENSHAO.Lessons from earthquake damagesof earth dams in China[C]//International Symposium onEarthquake and Dams.Beijing:[s.n.],1987:243-257.
[8]RAGHVENDRA SINGH,DEBASIS ROY,SUDHIR KJAIN.Analysis of earth dams affected by the 2001 BhujEarthquake[J].Engineering Geology,2005,80(3-4):282-291.
[9]CETIN K O,SEED R B,MOSS R E S,et al.Field casehistories for SPT-based in-situ liquefaction potentialevaluation[R].Berkeley:Geotechnical EngineeringDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of California Berkeley,2000.
[10]汪闻韶,黄锦德.1966年邢台地震水工建筑物震害(堤、桥、闸、涵)[R].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,1981.
[11]PONCE V M,BELL J M.Shear strength of sand atextremely low pressures[J].Journal of the SoilMechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1971,97(4):625-638.
[12]YAMAGUCHI YOSHIKAZU,SATOH HIROYUKI,HAYASHI NAOYOSHI,et al.Strength evaluation ofrockfill materials considering confining pressuredependency[C]//Modern Rockfill Dams—2009.Beijing:China Water Conservancy and Electricity Press,2009:437-446.
[13]TATSUOKA FUMIO,SONNODA SHOJI,HARAKATSUSHIGE,et al.Failure and deformation of sand intorsional shear[J].Soils and Foundations,1986,26(4):79-97.
[14]AGUSTIAN YANYAN,GOTO OSHI.Strength anddeformation characteristics of scoria in triaxialcompression at low confining stress[J].Soils andFoundations,2008,48(1):27-39.
[15]SAYEED MD ABU,KIICHI SUZUKI,MD MIZANURRAHMAN.Strength and deformation characteristics ofgranular materials under extremely low to high confiningpressure in triaxial compression[J].InternationalJournal of Civil&Environmental Engineering,2011,11(4):1-6.
[16]詹传妮,王琛,何昌荣.不排水条件下砾石土的应变率效应[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊1):428-432.ZHAN Chuan-ni,WANG Chen,HE Chang-rong.Effectsof strain rate on gravelly soil under undrained condition[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.1):428-432.
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