分级加载下冻土动弹性模量的试验研究
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摘要
基于黏弹性理论,将动态弹性模量的最大值定义为冻土的动模量,通过计算滞回曲线中直线斜率的方法来计算冻土的动模量。通过动三轴试验,对不同频率、围压和负温条件下冻土的动模量随动应变幅的变化规律进行了试验研究,结果表明:在不同频率(0.1～20 Hz)、围压(0.3～2 MPa)和负温(-0.2～-2℃)条件下,青藏黏土的动模量取值范围为393～1749 MPa,兰州黄土的动模量取值范围为101～713 MPa;同一级加载下,动模量随着振次的增加基本不变,可以采用平均值来表征该级加载下的动模量;对于青藏黏土和兰州黄土,不同频率条件下,动模量随动应变幅的增加最终趋于一稳定值,该稳定值随加载频率的增加而增大;不同温度和围压条件下,随着动应变幅的增加,动模量先减小再趋于一个稳定值,该稳定值随围压的变化较复杂,随温度的降低而增大。
Based on the viscoelastic theory,the slope of the middle straight line in the hysteresis curve is adopted to define dynamic elastic modulus.Dynamic triaxial tests are employed to study the variation tendency of dynamic elastic modulus with dynamic strain amplitude varing under different vibration frequencies,confining pressures and negative temperatures conditions.The results show that the dynamic elastic modulus values of Qinghai-Tibet clay range from 393 to 1749 MPa,and those of Lanzhou loess range from 101 to 713 MPa with vibration frequencies of 0.1～20 Hz,confining pressure of 0.3～2 MPa and negative temperatures of-0.2～-2℃.Because the dynamic elastic modulus changes slightly with the increasing vibration cycles at the same loading level,the average value is adopted.The dynamic elastic modulus tends to be stable eventually with the increasing dynamic strain amplitude.The stable value of dynamic elastic modulus increases with the increasing vibration frequencies and decreasing temperatures.When the confining pressure changes,the stable value of dynamic elastic modulus changes without unified law.
Based on the viscoelastic theory,the slope of the middle straight line in the hysteresis curve is adopted to define dynamic elastic modulus.Dynamic triaxial tests are employed to study the variation tendency of dynamic elastic modulus with dynamic strain amplitude varing under different vibration frequencies,confining pressures and negative temperatures conditions.The results show that the dynamic elastic modulus values of Qinghai-Tibet clay range from 393 to 1749 MPa,and those of Lanzhou loess range from 101 to 713 MPa with vibration frequencies of 0.1～20 Hz,confining pressure of 0.3～2 MPa and negative temperatures of-0.2～-2℃.Because the dynamic elastic modulus changes slightly with the increasing vibration cycles at the same loading level,the average value is adopted.The dynamic elastic modulus tends to be stable eventually with the increasing dynamic strain amplitude.The stable value of dynamic elastic modulus increases with the increasing vibration frequencies and decreasing temperatures.When the confining pressure changes,the stable value of dynamic elastic modulus changes without unified law.
引文
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[2]NAKANO Y,RANDOLPH J,MARTIN III,et al.Ultrasonicvelocities of the dilatational and shear waves in frozensoils[J].Water Resource Research,1972,8(4):1024-1030.
[3]LEE,TUNG-MING.Method of determining dynamicproperties of viscoelastic solids employing forcedvibration[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1963,34(5):1524-1529.
[4]CZAJKOWSKI R L,VINSON T S.Dynamic properties offrozen silt under cyclic loading[J].Journal of theGeotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1980,106(9):963-980.
[5]WILSON C R.Dynamic properties of naturally frozenFairbanks silt[D].Oregon:Department of Civil Engineering,Oregon State University,1982.
[6]VINSON T S.Response of frozen ground to dynamic loadings:Chapter 9 in geotechnical engineering in cold regions[M].Columbus:McGraw-Hill Book Company,Inc.,1978:405-458.
[7]何平.饱和冻结粉土的动力特性[D].兰州:中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所,1993.(HE Ping.Dynamic mechanicscharacteristics of saturated frozen soil[D].Lanzhou:Cold andArid Regions Environmental and Engineering ResearchInstitute Chinese Academy of Sciences,1993.(in Chinese))
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[10]吴志坚,王兰民,马巍,等.地震荷载作用下冻土的动力学参数试验研究[J].西北地震学报,2003,25(3):210-214.(WU Zhi-jian,WANG Lan-ming,MA Wei,et al.Laboratory study on dynamics parameters of frozen soilunder seismic dynamic loading[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,2003,25(3):210-214.(in Chinese))
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[12]施烨辉.动荷载作用下高温冻土路基的动力响应分析[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2006.(SHIYe-hui.Study on the dynamic response of high-temperaturefrozen soil roadbed under dynamic road[D].Lanzhou:Coldand Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering ResearchInstitute Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.(in Chinese))
[13]凌贤长,徐学燕,徐春华,等.冻结哈尔滨粉质粘土超声波速测定试验研究[J].岩土工程学报.2002,24(4):456-459.(LING Xian-zhang,XU Xue-yan,XU Chun-hua,et al.Study on frozen harbin silty clay through it's measuring testsof ultrasonic velocity.Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2002,24(4):456-459.(in Chinese))
[14]孟庆洲.基于超声波的冻土物理力学性质研究[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2008.(MENGQing-zhou.Study on physic-mechanical property of frozensoil based on ultrasonic wave velocity[D].Lanzhou:Cold andArid Regions Environmental and Engineering ResearchInstitute Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.(in Chinese)
[15]王大雁,朱元林,赵淑萍,等.超声波测定冻土动弹性力学参数试验研究[J].岩土工程学报.2002,24(5):612-615.(WANG Da-yan,ZHU Yuan-lin,ZHAO Shu-ping,et al.Study on experimental determination of the dynamic elasticmechanical parameters of frozen soil by ultrasonic technique.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(5):612-615.(in Chinese))
[16]徐春华,徐学燕,邱明国,等.循环荷载下冻土的动阻尼比试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(6):22-25.(XU chun-hua,XU Xue-yan,QIU Ming-guo,et al.Experimental study on dynamic damping ratio of frozen soilunder cyclic loading.Journal of Harbin University of C.E.C.&Architecture,2002,35(6):22-25.(in Chinese))
[17]高志华,赖远明,熊二刚,等.循环荷载作用下高温-高含冰量冻土特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1744-1751.(GAO Zhi-hua,LAI Yuan-ming,XIONG Er-gang,et al.Experimental study of characteristics of warm and ice-richfrozen clay under cyclic loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1744-1751.(in Chinese))
[18]沈忠言,张家懿.冻土退荷回弹动弹模[J].冰川冻土,1995,17(增刊1):36-39.(SHEN Zhong-yan,ZHANGJia-yi.Unloaded dynamic elastic modulus of frozen soil.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1995,17(S1):35-40.(in Chinese))
[19]沈忠言,张家懿.围压对冻结粉土动力特性的影响[J].冰川冻土,1997,19(3):245-251.(SHEN Zhong-yan,ZHANGJia-yi.Effect of confining pressure on the dynamic features offrozen silt[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1997,19(3):35-40.(in Chinese))
[20]郑永来,夏颂佑.岩土类的动弹性模量的进一步研究[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(1):75-78.(ZHENG Yong-lai,XIA Song-you.Further study on dynamic elastic modulus ofgeomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(1):75-78.(in Chinese))
[21]GB50123/T—99土工试验方法标准[S].1999.(GB50123/T—99 Standard for soil test method[S].1999.(inChinese))
[22]GB50269/T—97地基动力特性测试规范[S].1997.(GB50269/T—97 Foundation dynamic properties testspecification[S].1997.(in Chinese))
[2]NAKANO Y,RANDOLPH J,MARTIN III,et al.Ultrasonicvelocities of the dilatational and shear waves in frozensoils[J].Water Resource Research,1972,8(4):1024-1030.
[3]LEE,TUNG-MING.Method of determining dynamicproperties of viscoelastic solids employing forcedvibration[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1963,34(5):1524-1529.
[4]CZAJKOWSKI R L,VINSON T S.Dynamic properties offrozen silt under cyclic loading[J].Journal of theGeotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1980,106(9):963-980.
[5]WILSON C R.Dynamic properties of naturally frozenFairbanks silt[D].Oregon:Department of Civil Engineering,Oregon State University,1982.
[6]VINSON T S.Response of frozen ground to dynamic loadings:Chapter 9 in geotechnical engineering in cold regions[M].Columbus:McGraw-Hill Book Company,Inc.,1978:405-458.
[7]何平.饱和冻结粉土的动力特性[D].兰州:中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所,1993.(HE Ping.Dynamic mechanicscharacteristics of saturated frozen soil[D].Lanzhou:Cold andArid Regions Environmental and Engineering ResearchInstitute Chinese Academy of Sciences,1993.(in Chinese))
[8]徐学燕,仲丛利,陈亚明,等.冻土的动力特性研究及其参数确定[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(5):77-81.(XUXue-yan,ZHONG Cong-li,CHEN Ya-ming,et al.Researchon dynamic characters of frozen soil and determination of itsparameters[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1998,20(5):77-81.(in Chinese)
[9]赵淑萍,朱元林,何平,等.冻土动力学参数测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2003,22(增刊2):2677-2681.(ZHAO Shu-ping,ZHU Yuan-lin,He Ping,et al.Testingstudy on dynamic mechanics parameters of frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(S2):2677-2681.(in Chinese))
[10]吴志坚,王兰民,马巍,等.地震荷载作用下冻土的动力学参数试验研究[J].西北地震学报,2003,25(3):210-214.(WU Zhi-jian,WANG Lan-ming,MA Wei,et al.Laboratory study on dynamics parameters of frozen soilunder seismic dynamic loading[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,2003,25(3):210-214.(in Chinese))
[11]王丽霞.冻土动力性能与冻土场地路基地震响应反应研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2004.(WANG Li-xia.Study on frozen soil dynamic behavior and earthquakeresponse of embankment on frozen soil site[D].Heilongjiang:Harbin Institute of Technology,2004.(in Chinese))
[12]施烨辉.动荷载作用下高温冻土路基的动力响应分析[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2006.(SHIYe-hui.Study on the dynamic response of high-temperaturefrozen soil roadbed under dynamic road[D].Lanzhou:Coldand Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering ResearchInstitute Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.(in Chinese))
[13]凌贤长,徐学燕,徐春华,等.冻结哈尔滨粉质粘土超声波速测定试验研究[J].岩土工程学报.2002,24(4):456-459.(LING Xian-zhang,XU Xue-yan,XU Chun-hua,et al.Study on frozen harbin silty clay through it's measuring testsof ultrasonic velocity.Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2002,24(4):456-459.(in Chinese))
[14]孟庆洲.基于超声波的冻土物理力学性质研究[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2008.(MENGQing-zhou.Study on physic-mechanical property of frozensoil based on ultrasonic wave velocity[D].Lanzhou:Cold andArid Regions Environmental and Engineering ResearchInstitute Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.(in Chinese)
[15]王大雁,朱元林,赵淑萍,等.超声波测定冻土动弹性力学参数试验研究[J].岩土工程学报.2002,24(5):612-615.(WANG Da-yan,ZHU Yuan-lin,ZHAO Shu-ping,et al.Study on experimental determination of the dynamic elasticmechanical parameters of frozen soil by ultrasonic technique.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(5):612-615.(in Chinese))
[16]徐春华,徐学燕,邱明国,等.循环荷载下冻土的动阻尼比试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(6):22-25.(XU chun-hua,XU Xue-yan,QIU Ming-guo,et al.Experimental study on dynamic damping ratio of frozen soilunder cyclic loading.Journal of Harbin University of C.E.C.&Architecture,2002,35(6):22-25.(in Chinese))
[17]高志华,赖远明,熊二刚,等.循环荷载作用下高温-高含冰量冻土特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1744-1751.(GAO Zhi-hua,LAI Yuan-ming,XIONG Er-gang,et al.Experimental study of characteristics of warm and ice-richfrozen clay under cyclic loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1744-1751.(in Chinese))
[18]沈忠言,张家懿.冻土退荷回弹动弹模[J].冰川冻土,1995,17(增刊1):36-39.(SHEN Zhong-yan,ZHANGJia-yi.Unloaded dynamic elastic modulus of frozen soil.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1995,17(S1):35-40.(in Chinese))
[19]沈忠言,张家懿.围压对冻结粉土动力特性的影响[J].冰川冻土,1997,19(3):245-251.(SHEN Zhong-yan,ZHANGJia-yi.Effect of confining pressure on the dynamic features offrozen silt[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1997,19(3):35-40.(in Chinese))
[20]郑永来,夏颂佑.岩土类的动弹性模量的进一步研究[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(1):75-78.(ZHENG Yong-lai,XIA Song-you.Further study on dynamic elastic modulus ofgeomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(1):75-78.(in Chinese))
[21]GB50123/T—99土工试验方法标准[S].1999.(GB50123/T—99 Standard for soil test method[S].1999.(inChinese))
[22]GB50269/T—97地基动力特性测试规范[S].1997.(GB50269/T—97 Foundation dynamic properties testspecification[S].1997.(in Chinese))
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