基于稳健模拟退火-单纯形混合算法的微震定位研究
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摘要
为提高矿井微震的定位精度,通过模拟试验对比分析常规定位及新方法在定位求解中的适用范围及优缺点,研究反演未知变量数目、检波器的密度、波速等对各自定位方法的影响。基于单纯形法的优点,并结合模拟退火法的全局收敛性,提出采用稳健的模拟退火-单纯形法进行微震定位。研究发现,该方法不必直接搜索发震时刻,只需通过稳健方法预先估算,利用较少的检波器就可进行微震定位,且基本不受初始波速影响,从而大大减少搜索步数,有效地提高定位精度及收敛速度。以柿竹园矿人工爆破定位测试试验为例,重点分析比较模拟退火-单纯形法、稳健模拟退火-单纯形法及其他定位方法的空间绝对距离及目标函数误差,认为检波器数量较多且可获得理想的P波信息时,应用非线性最小二乘法能求出可信的结果;其余定位方法的三维定位误差及目标函数误差相差不大,但稳健模拟退火-单纯形法目标函数误差最小,稳定性最高,可在矿井微震定位中推广使用。
To improve the accuracy of microseismic source location,the application scope,the advantages and disadvantages of traditional and improvement algorithms in locating solving were comparatively analyzed based on the simulation experiment.The influence of unknown variables,sensors’ density and P wave velocity on the location algorithms were studied respectively.Based on the advantages of the simplex and the global convergence characteristics of the simulated annealing,it was proposed that taking the steady simulated annealing-simplex algorithm located the microseism.The study shows that this algorithm is a simple estimation in advance by steady arithmetic without directly searching for the seismogenic moment.The searching steps can be greatly reduced and the location accuracy and convergence velocity can be improved.So the microseismic focus can be effectively located with less sensors without being affected by the initial velocity.Taking the artificial blasting location test experiment of a mine as an example,the errors of both the location accuracy and objective function for the simulated annealing-simplex,the steady simulated annealing-simplex and the other algorithms were specially analyzed.It is widely believed that applying the nonlinear least square algorithm can get reliable results when there are more sensors and better information of P wave.The errors of three-dimensional location and objective function of the other location algorithms are basically the same.But the objective function error of the steady simulated annealing-simplex algorithm is the minimum;and the stability is the best.So this algorithm with higher reliability and stability has obvious advantages;and it can be widely used for the microseismic location in mines.
To improve the accuracy of microseismic source location,the application scope,the advantages and disadvantages of traditional and improvement algorithms in locating solving were comparatively analyzed based on the simulation experiment.The influence of unknown variables,sensors’ density and P wave velocity on the location algorithms were studied respectively.Based on the advantages of the simplex and the global convergence characteristics of the simulated annealing,it was proposed that taking the steady simulated annealing-simplex algorithm located the microseism.The study shows that this algorithm is a simple estimation in advance by steady arithmetic without directly searching for the seismogenic moment.The searching steps can be greatly reduced and the location accuracy and convergence velocity can be improved.So the microseismic focus can be effectively located with less sensors without being affected by the initial velocity.Taking the artificial blasting location test experiment of a mine as an example,the errors of both the location accuracy and objective function for the simulated annealing-simplex,the steady simulated annealing-simplex and the other algorithms were specially analyzed.It is widely believed that applying the nonlinear least square algorithm can get reliable results when there are more sensors and better information of P wave.The errors of three-dimensional location and objective function of the other location algorithms are basically the same.But the objective function error of the steady simulated annealing-simplex algorithm is the minimum;and the stability is the best.So this algorithm with higher reliability and stability has obvious advantages;and it can be widely used for the microseismic location in mines.
引文
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[13]孙建,王连国,唐芙蓉,等.倾斜煤层底板破坏特征的微震监测[J].岩土力学,2011,32(5):1590-1593.SUN Jian,WANG Lian-guo,TANG Fu-rong,et al.Microseismic monitoring failure characteristics ofinclined coal seam floor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1590-1593.
[14]林峰,李庶林,薛云亮,等.基于不同初值的微震源定位方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):996-1002.LIN Feng,LI Shu-lin,XUE Yun-liang,et al.Microseismic sources location methods based on differentinitial values[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2010,29(5):996-1002.
[2]齐庆新,窦林名.冲击地压理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008:110-113.
[3]姜福兴.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004:283-290.
[4]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001:148-151.
[5]叶根喜,姜福兴,郭延华,等.煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1053-1058.YE Gen-xi,JIANG Fu-xing,GUO Yan-hua,et al.Experimental research on seismic wave attenuation byfield microseismic monitoring in a deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):1053-1058.
[6]LIENERT B R,BERG E,FRAZER L N.Hypocenter:Anearthquake location method using centered,scaled,andadaptively damped least squares[J].Bulletin of theSeismological Society of America,1986,76(3):771-783.
[7]范千,许承权,陈伟.单纯形-模拟退火混合算法及其在参数估计中的应用[J].地理空间信息,2005,3(3):57-59.FAN Qian,XU Cheng-quan,Chen Wei.Simplex-annealing hybrid method and its application to parameterestimation[J].Geospatial Information,2005,3(3):57-59.
[8]李会义,姜福兴,杨淑华.基于Matlab的岩层微地震破裂定位求解及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(2):154-158.LI Hui-yi,JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua.Research andapplication of microseismic monitoring location of stratafracturing based on Matlab[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,2006,31(2):154-158.
[9]逄焕东,姜福兴,张兴民.微地震的线性方程定位求解及其病态处理[J].岩土力学,2004,25(增刊):60-62.PANG Huan-dong,JIANG Fu-xing,ZHANG Xing-min.Study on nonhomogeneous material's AE by imageprocessing method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(Supp.):60-62.
[10]刘培洵,刘力强,黄元敏,等.声发射定位的稳健算法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):2760-2764.LIU Pei-xun,LIU Li-qiang,HUANG Yuan-min,et al.Robust arithmetic for acoustic emission location[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):2760-2764.
[11]杨永杰,陈绍杰,张兴民,等.煤矿采场覆岩破坏的微地震监测预报研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(7):1407-1410.YANG Yong-jie,CHEN Shao-jie,ZHANG Xing-min,et al.Forecasting study on fracturing of overburden strataof coal face by microseism monitoring technology[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(7):1407-1410.
[12]王进强,姜福兴,吕文生,等.地震波传播速度原位试验及计算[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2059-2063.WANG Jin-qiang,JIANG Fu-xing,LüWen-sheng,et al.Microseismic wave propagation velocity insitu exper-iment and calculation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2059-2063.
[13]孙建,王连国,唐芙蓉,等.倾斜煤层底板破坏特征的微震监测[J].岩土力学,2011,32(5):1590-1593.SUN Jian,WANG Lian-guo,TANG Fu-rong,et al.Microseismic monitoring failure characteristics ofinclined coal seam floor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1590-1593.
[14]林峰,李庶林,薛云亮,等.基于不同初值的微震源定位方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):996-1002.LIN Feng,LI Shu-lin,XUE Yun-liang,et al.Microseismic sources location methods based on differentinitial values[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2010,29(5):996-1002.
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