格宾加筋土挡墙抗震性能及数值分析
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摘要
基于有限差分程序FLAC3D动力分析模块,建立水平地震作用下格宾加筋土挡墙足尺数值模型,通过抗震模型试验结果验证数值模型的可靠性,分析不同强度地震波作用、不同竖向加筋间距时,格宾加筋土挡墙的水平位移响应、震陷、加速度响应及破坏模式,在此基础上,提出格宾加筋土挡墙抗震设计相关措施与建议。结果表明:在不同峰值加速度作用下,格宾加筋土挡墙没有出现倒塌破坏,在较大的水平位移及沉降发生后仍能继续承载,表现出良好的抗震性能;在地震波频率特性基本不变的情况下增长加速度峰值,墙面加速度放大系数有减小的趋势;格宾加筋土挡墙建造于7度及以下、8度、9度及以上抗震设防区时,格宾网竖向间距分别不宜大于1.0m、0.75m、0.5m;水平地震作用下挡墙潜在破裂面为双线段组合形式;提出格宾加筋土挡墙抗震设计位移控制标准。
Numerical simulation using the dynamic analysis module of the finite difference software,FLAC3D,was conducted for a full-scale gabion-reinforced soil retaining wall subjected to horizontal seismic wave.The numerical model was validated by comparison between the numerical and the measured seismic experimental results.The dynamical responses of the retaining wall,such as horizontal and vertical displacement,acceleration and failure mode,were analyzed when the wall was subjected to seismic waves with different amplitudes and was reinforced with different vertical spacing reinforcements.On the basis of the above analysis,some measures and suggestions were proposed for the seismic design of gabion-reinforced soil retaining wall.The results show that no collapse occurs when the wall is excited by seismic wave with different peak value accelerations.The wall can continue to bear load even though large seismic-induced horizontal displacement and settlement have appeared.Therefore,the gabion-reinforced soil retaining wall may have good seismic performance.The acceleration amplification factor trends decrease with increase of the peak value acceleration when the frequency characteristics of input seismic time-history is almost unchanged.The vertical spacing of the gabion mesh reinforcement should not exceed 1.0m,0.75m,0.5m,when the wall is constructed in seismic regions of earthquake intensity less than 7 degree,equal to 8 degree,no less than 9 degree,respectively.The potential sliding surface is bilinear when the wall is under horizontal seismic wave.The seismic-induced displacement control standard is suggested for gabion-reinforced soil retaining walls.
Numerical simulation using the dynamic analysis module of the finite difference software,FLAC3D,was conducted for a full-scale gabion-reinforced soil retaining wall subjected to horizontal seismic wave.The numerical model was validated by comparison between the numerical and the measured seismic experimental results.The dynamical responses of the retaining wall,such as horizontal and vertical displacement,acceleration and failure mode,were analyzed when the wall was subjected to seismic waves with different amplitudes and was reinforced with different vertical spacing reinforcements.On the basis of the above analysis,some measures and suggestions were proposed for the seismic design of gabion-reinforced soil retaining wall.The results show that no collapse occurs when the wall is excited by seismic wave with different peak value accelerations.The wall can continue to bear load even though large seismic-induced horizontal displacement and settlement have appeared.Therefore,the gabion-reinforced soil retaining wall may have good seismic performance.The acceleration amplification factor trends decrease with increase of the peak value acceleration when the frequency characteristics of input seismic time-history is almost unchanged.The vertical spacing of the gabion mesh reinforcement should not exceed 1.0m,0.75m,0.5m,when the wall is constructed in seismic regions of earthquake intensity less than 7 degree,equal to 8 degree,no less than 9 degree,respectively.The potential sliding surface is bilinear when the wall is under horizontal seismic wave.The seismic-induced displacement control standard is suggested for gabion-reinforced soil retaining walls.
引文
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[16]Kuhlemeyer R L,Lysmer J.Finite element methodaccuracy for wave propagation problems[J].Journal ofthe Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1973,99(5):421-427
[17]GB50111—2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006(GB 50111—2006 Code for seismicdesign of railway engineering[S].Beijing:China PlanningPress,2006(in Chinese))
[18]JTJ004—1989公路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1989(JTJ 004—1989 Specifications ofearthquake resistant design for highway engineering[S].Beijing:China Communication Press,1989(in Chinese))
[19]姚令侃,冯俊德,杨明.汶川地震路基震害分析及对抗震规范改进的启示[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):301-311(Yao Lingkan,Feng Junde,Yang Ming.Damage analysis of subgrade engineering in Wenchuanearthquake and recommendations for improving seismicdesign code[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(3):301-311(in Chinese))
[20]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001(GB 50011—2001 Code for seismicdesign of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2001(in Chinese))
[21]Ling H I,Mohri Y,Leshchinsky D,et al.Large-scaleshaking table tests on modular-block reinforced soilretaining walls[J].Journal of Geotechnical andGeoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(4):465-476
[22]张建经,冯君,肖世国,等.支挡结构抗震设计的2个关键技术问题[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):321-326(Zhang Jianjing,Feng Jun,Xiao Shiguo,et al.Discussions on two key technical problems for seismicdesign of retaining structures[J].Journal of SouthwestJiaotong University,2009,44(3):321-326(in Chinese))
[23]Steedman R S.Zeng X.The influence of phase on thecalculation of pseudo-static earth pressure on a retainingwall[J].Geotechnique,1990,40(1):103-112
[24]JTJ051—1991公路加筋土工程设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1991(JTJ 051—1991 Specifications fordesign of highway reinforced earth engineering[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,1991(in Chinese))
[25]Elias V,Christopher B R,Berg R R.Mechanicallystabilized earth walls and reinforced soil slopes:designand construction guidelines[R].Washington,DC:FederalHighway Administration,2001
[26]Cai Z,Bathurst R J.Seismic-induced permanentdisplacement of geosynthetic-reinforced segmentalretaining walls[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1997,33(6):937-955
[2]Koerner R M,Soong T Y.Geosynthetic reinforcedsegmental retaining walls[J].Geotextiles andGeomembranes,2001,19(6):359-386
[3]高文华,Bathurst R J.条形荷载下加筋土边坡破坏机制的数值模拟[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(6):54-58(Gao Wenhua,Bathurst R J.Numerical simulation offailure mechanism for reinforced and unreinforced slopesunder strip footing[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2007,40(6):54-58(in Chinese))
[4]莫介臻,何光春,汪承志,等.台阶式格栅加筋挡墙现场试验及数值分析[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(5):52-58(Mo Jiezhen,He Guangchun,Wang Chengzhi,et al.Study on a stepped retaining wall with geogrid reinforcementby using site test and numerical analysis[J].China CivilEngineering Journal,2008,41(5):52-58(in Chinese))
[5]Cai Zhenqi,Bathurst R J.Seismic response analysis ofgeosynthetic reinforced soil segmental retaining walls byfinite element method[J].Computers and Geotechnics,1995,17(4):523–546
[6]Bathurst R J,Hatami K.Seismic response analysis of ageosynthetic reinforced soil retaining wall[J].Geosynthetics International,1998,5(1/2):127–166
[7]Helwany S M B,Budhu M,McCallen D.Seismic analysisof segmental retaining walls.I:model verification[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2001,127(9):741-749
[8]Bathurst R J,Keshavarz A,Zarnani S,et al.A simpledisplacement model for response analysis of EPS geofoamseismic buffers[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2007,27(4):344-353
[9]Zarnani S,Bathurst R J.Numerical modeling of EPSseismic buffer shaking table tests[J].Geotextiles andGeomembranes,2008,26(5):371-383
[10]刘华北.水平与竖向地震作用下土工格栅加筋土挡墙动力分析[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(5):594-599(Liu Huabei.Analysis on seismic behavior of geogrid-reinforced retaining wall subjected to horizontal and verticalexcitations[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2006,28(5):594-599(in Chinese))
[11]周世良,刘占芳,何光春.饱水格栅加筋土挡墙结构特性数值分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(8):1015-1021(Zhou Shiliang,Liu Zhanfang,He Guangchun.Numericalanalysis on structural characteristics of saturated geogridreinforced soil retaining wall[J].Journal of HydraulicEngineering,2006,37(8):1015-1021(in Chinese))
[12]袁捷,曾四平,祝云琪,等.地震作用下加筋土路基力学行为的弹塑性分析[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(4):483-487(Yuan Jie,Zeng Siping,ZhuYunqi,et al.Elasto-plastic analysis of reinforced subgradeunder seismic loading[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science Edition,2008,36(4):483-487(inChinese))
[13]谢婉丽.黄土地区高填方加筋土路堤变形与稳定性研究[D].西安:西北大学,2004(Xie Wanli.Deformationand stability analysis of reinforced high embankment in theloess region[D].Xi’an:Northwest University,2004(inChinese))
[14]蒋建清,邹银生.动力作用下加筋土挡墙的数值模拟[J].湖南城市学院学报:自然科学版,2006,15(4):12-14(Jiang Jianqing,Zou Yinsheng.Numerical simulation ofreinforced retaining walls under dynamic loads[J].Journal of Hunan City University:Natural Science Edition,2006,15(4):12-14(in Chinese))
[15]李昀,杨果林,林宇亮.加筋格宾挡墙地震反应与动土压力分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(4):63-69(Li Yun,Yang Guolin,Lin Yuliang.Analysison seismic response and dynamic earth pressure ofreinforced gabion wall[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(4):63-69(inChinese))
[16]Kuhlemeyer R L,Lysmer J.Finite element methodaccuracy for wave propagation problems[J].Journal ofthe Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1973,99(5):421-427
[17]GB50111—2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006(GB 50111—2006 Code for seismicdesign of railway engineering[S].Beijing:China PlanningPress,2006(in Chinese))
[18]JTJ004—1989公路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1989(JTJ 004—1989 Specifications ofearthquake resistant design for highway engineering[S].Beijing:China Communication Press,1989(in Chinese))
[19]姚令侃,冯俊德,杨明.汶川地震路基震害分析及对抗震规范改进的启示[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):301-311(Yao Lingkan,Feng Junde,Yang Ming.Damage analysis of subgrade engineering in Wenchuanearthquake and recommendations for improving seismicdesign code[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(3):301-311(in Chinese))
[20]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001(GB 50011—2001 Code for seismicdesign of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2001(in Chinese))
[21]Ling H I,Mohri Y,Leshchinsky D,et al.Large-scaleshaking table tests on modular-block reinforced soilretaining walls[J].Journal of Geotechnical andGeoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(4):465-476
[22]张建经,冯君,肖世国,等.支挡结构抗震设计的2个关键技术问题[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):321-326(Zhang Jianjing,Feng Jun,Xiao Shiguo,et al.Discussions on two key technical problems for seismicdesign of retaining structures[J].Journal of SouthwestJiaotong University,2009,44(3):321-326(in Chinese))
[23]Steedman R S.Zeng X.The influence of phase on thecalculation of pseudo-static earth pressure on a retainingwall[J].Geotechnique,1990,40(1):103-112
[24]JTJ051—1991公路加筋土工程设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1991(JTJ 051—1991 Specifications fordesign of highway reinforced earth engineering[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,1991(in Chinese))
[25]Elias V,Christopher B R,Berg R R.Mechanicallystabilized earth walls and reinforced soil slopes:designand construction guidelines[R].Washington,DC:FederalHighway Administration,2001
[26]Cai Z,Bathurst R J.Seismic-induced permanentdisplacement of geosynthetic-reinforced segmentalretaining walls[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1997,33(6):937-955
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