阳坝落石对输油管道的冲击分析
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摘要
兰成渝成品油管道在甘肃康县段遭受了严重的落石灾害,其中08年汶川地震触发的阳坝落石造成管道破坏和巨大经济损失。根据对阳坝落石现场的调查和管道遭受落石冲击的分析,为管道在康线段的减灾防灾提供理论依据和分析方法。系统对比分析了国内外普遍采用的5种落石冲击力算法,并推荐了最出符合实际的算法。通过现场取样和室内实验获取土体力学强度参数,经与工程地质手册推荐的经验数据比对后选择最适合的参数进行计算。选取Marston提出的沟内埋管竖直土压力计算模型分析管道的应力与变形,结果表明:(1)事故原因是管材自身的强度和变形不足以抵抗落石产生的巨大冲击荷载,应力和变形均失效。(2)在落石区进行管道设计时,建议引入日本道路公团方法计算落石最大冲击力。(3)管道在康县区域内再次遭受崩塌灾害的概率很大,有必要对区域内崩塌灾害点进行重点排查,做好相应的管道防护措施。
Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing end product oil pipeline suffered serious rockfall disaster in the section of Kangxian County,Gansu Province.Yangba rockfall triggered in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake seriously damaged the pipeline and brought about enormous property loss.Based on the investigation of rockfalls,this study provided an analysis method and theoretical basis for the prevention of rockfall disasters.In this paper,five calculation methods of rock fall impact force commonly used at home and abroad were systematically compared and analyzed,and the most realistic algorithms were recommended.Through field investigation and laboratory experiments,the mechanical strength parameters of the soil were obtained.Then the experimental data and empirical data recommend in engineering geological manuals were compared,and the most suitable parameters were selected to calculate.The trench pipe vertical sold pressure calculation model proposed by Marston was used to analyze pipeline's stress and deformation.Results show that: first,the pipe strength and deformation are not enough to resist the intensive impact of falling rocks,which would cause the stress and deformation failure and pipeline damage;second,the method recommended by the Japanese Road Association is advised to calculate the maximum rock fall impact force in collapse zone;third,collapse hazard of the pipeline is likely to occur again in Kangxian County,and investigation of collapse hazard points in the region is necessary for take effective protection measures in advance.
Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing end product oil pipeline suffered serious rockfall disaster in the section of Kangxian County,Gansu Province.Yangba rockfall triggered in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake seriously damaged the pipeline and brought about enormous property loss.Based on the investigation of rockfalls,this study provided an analysis method and theoretical basis for the prevention of rockfall disasters.In this paper,five calculation methods of rock fall impact force commonly used at home and abroad were systematically compared and analyzed,and the most realistic algorithms were recommended.Through field investigation and laboratory experiments,the mechanical strength parameters of the soil were obtained.Then the experimental data and empirical data recommend in engineering geological manuals were compared,and the most suitable parameters were selected to calculate.The trench pipe vertical sold pressure calculation model proposed by Marston was used to analyze pipeline's stress and deformation.Results show that: first,the pipe strength and deformation are not enough to resist the intensive impact of falling rocks,which would cause the stress and deformation failure and pipeline damage;second,the method recommended by the Japanese Road Association is advised to calculate the maximum rock fall impact force in collapse zone;third,collapse hazard of the pipeline is likely to occur again in Kangxian County,and investigation of collapse hazard points in the region is necessary for take effective protection measures in advance.
引文
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[12]张晓曦,周立荣.基于非线性破坏准则的边坡稳定性分析[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(1):53-60.ZHANG Xiaoxi,ZHOU Lirong.Slope stability analysis based on non-linear failure criterion[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2012,21(1):53-60.(in Chinese)
[13]Chaua K T,Wonga J.Coefficient of restitution and rotational motions of rockfall impacts[J].International Journal of Rock Meehanies&MiningSciences,2002,39(69):69-77.
[14]中华人民共和国建设部.输油管道工程设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2003.Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China.Code for Design of Oil Transmission Pipeline Engineering[S].Beijing:China PlanPress,2003.(in Chinese)
[15]帅健,于桂杰.管道及储罐强度设计[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:39-43.SHUAI Jian,YU Guijie.Pipelines and Tank Strength Design[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:39-43.(in Chinese)
[16]裘国荣,石玉成,刘红玫.黄土震陷的微结构损伤模型[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(5):210-215.QIU Guorong,SHI Yucheng,LIU Hongmei.Microstructural damage model of seismic subsidence of loess[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2011,20(5):210-215.(in Chinese)
[2]崔云,孔纪名,吴文平.汶川地震次生山地灾害链成灾特点与防治对策[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(1):109-116.CUI Yun,KONG Jiming,WU Wenping.Cause characteristics and prevention/control strategies of the secondary mountain disaster chain of theWenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2012,21(1):109-116.(in Chinese)
[3]中华人民共和国交通部.公路路基设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China.Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades[S].Beijing:China CommunicationsPress,2003.(in Chinese)
[4]铁道第二勘测设计院.铁路工程设计技术手册.隧道[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1999:141-191.Institute of The Second Railway Survey and Design.Railway Engineering Technical.Tunnel[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1999:141-191.(in Chinese)
[5]杨其新,关宝树.落石冲击力计算方法的试验研究[J].铁道学报,1996,18(1):101-106.YANG Qixin,GUAN Baoshu.Test and research on calculating method of falling stone impulsive force[J].Journal of The China Railway Society,1996,18(1):101-106.(in Chinese)
[6]唐红梅.危岩拦石墙计算方法研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2005,16(3):12-15.TANG Hongmei.Research on calculation method of volley-unstable rock retaining wall[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Con-trol,2005,16(3):12-15.(in Chinese)
[7]Dussauge C.Statistical analysis of rockfall volume distributions:implications for rockfall dynamics[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B6):2.1-2.11.
[8]Kawahara S,Muro T.Effects of dry density and thickness of sandy soil on impact response due to rockfall[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2006,43:329-340.
[9]Labiouse V,Descoeudres F,Montani S.Experimental study of rock sheds impacted by rock blocks[J].Struct Eng Int,1996,3(1):171-175.
[10]田斌,戴会超,王世梅.滑带土结构强度特征及其强度参数取值研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(17):2887-2892.TIAN Bin,DAI Huichao,WANG Shimei.Strength characteristics of soli in slide zone and determination of its parameters[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(17):2887-2892.(in Chinese)
[11]谢秀栋,方建瑞,范炜.基于可靠度理论的边坡稳定性分析研究[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(2):110-115.XIE Xiudong,FANG Jianrui,FAN Wei.Research on analysis of slope stability based on reliability theory[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2008,17(2):110-115.(in Chinese)
[12]张晓曦,周立荣.基于非线性破坏准则的边坡稳定性分析[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(1):53-60.ZHANG Xiaoxi,ZHOU Lirong.Slope stability analysis based on non-linear failure criterion[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2012,21(1):53-60.(in Chinese)
[13]Chaua K T,Wonga J.Coefficient of restitution and rotational motions of rockfall impacts[J].International Journal of Rock Meehanies&MiningSciences,2002,39(69):69-77.
[14]中华人民共和国建设部.输油管道工程设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2003.Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China.Code for Design of Oil Transmission Pipeline Engineering[S].Beijing:China PlanPress,2003.(in Chinese)
[15]帅健,于桂杰.管道及储罐强度设计[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:39-43.SHUAI Jian,YU Guijie.Pipelines and Tank Strength Design[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:39-43.(in Chinese)
[16]裘国荣,石玉成,刘红玫.黄土震陷的微结构损伤模型[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(5):210-215.QIU Guorong,SHI Yucheng,LIU Hongmei.Microstructural damage model of seismic subsidence of loess[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2011,20(5):210-215.(in Chinese)
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