钢筋混凝土结构小比例尺模型设计方法及相似性研究
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摘要
为使试验结果能准确地反映原型的抗震性能,对模型的设计方法进行研究,分别按以承载力相似新方法和配筋率相同的常用设计方法设计模型构件,进行伪静力试验,把试验结果与原型构件试验结果进行对比分析;结果表明:等配筋率的设计方法易高估原型结构的力学性能,而承载力相似设计方法的试验结果误差较小。针对振动台试验中采用逐级加载方式给试验结果带来的误差,提出分级相似关系,即在每级次地震动输入后测得模型频率,根据自振频率比和弹性模量比之间的关系,来改变下阶段试验的弹性模量比,从而调整下一阶段相似关系来减小误差;且应用分级相似关系进行振动台试验,将试验结果与不采用分级相似关系的试验结果及直接对模型进行一次性输入的试验结果进行对比,验证分级相似关系的可行性,并提出分级相似关系的适用范围。
In order to make model tests accurately reflect the seismic performance of the prototype,the method of model design is studied.Static tests were conducted on two groups of components: one is designed by the new design method in which the load on the model and the prototype is in accordance with the similitude law,and the other is designed by the usual method in which the reinforcement ratio of the model and the prototype is equal.Comparison of the model test results with the prototype test results shows that the usual design method overestimates the mechanical properties of prototype while the new design method can make the test result closer to the prototype test.In order to decrease the test result error caused by gradually loading during the shaking table test,a grading similitude relationship is proposed,that is,to measure the natural frequency of the model after loading in every step,and then to change the elastic modulus ratio between the model and the prototype in the next step according to the relationship between the natural frequency ratio and the elastic modulus ratio.Shaking table test is carried out following the grading similitude relationship,and by comparing the result with the test result when the load is exerted on the element in one step,the feasibility of grading similitude relationship is verified.The scope of application of the grading similitude relationship is given.
In order to make model tests accurately reflect the seismic performance of the prototype,the method of model design is studied.Static tests were conducted on two groups of components: one is designed by the new design method in which the load on the model and the prototype is in accordance with the similitude law,and the other is designed by the usual method in which the reinforcement ratio of the model and the prototype is equal.Comparison of the model test results with the prototype test results shows that the usual design method overestimates the mechanical properties of prototype while the new design method can make the test result closer to the prototype test.In order to decrease the test result error caused by gradually loading during the shaking table test,a grading similitude relationship is proposed,that is,to measure the natural frequency of the model after loading in every step,and then to change the elastic modulus ratio between the model and the prototype in the next step according to the relationship between the natural frequency ratio and the elastic modulus ratio.Shaking table test is carried out following the grading similitude relationship,and by comparing the result with the test result when the load is exerted on the element in one step,the feasibility of grading similitude relationship is verified.The scope of application of the grading similitude relationship is given.
引文
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[3]沈德健,吕西林.模型试验的微粒混凝土力学性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(10):14-21(ShenDejian,Lu Xilin.Experimental study on the mechanicalproperty of microconcrete in model test[J].China CivilEngineering Journal,2010,43(10):14-21(in Chinese))
[4]孟庆利,黄思凝,郭迅.钢筋混凝土结构小比例尺模型的相似性研究[J].世界地震工程,2008,24(4):1-6(Meng Qingli,Huang Sining,Guo Xun.Research onsimilarity of small scale reinforced concrete structural model[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2008,24(4):1-6(inChinese))
[5]Lu Xilin,Fu Gongkang,Shi Weixing,et al.Shake tablemodel testing and its application[J].The Structural Designof Tall and Special Buildings,2008,17(1):181-201
[6]Kim N S,Lee J H,Chang S P,et al.An equivalent multi-phase similitude law for pseudodynamic test on small-scaleR/C models[C]//Proceedings of the 13th World Conferenceon Earthquake Engineering.Vancouver,Canada,2004
[7]Guo Xun,Meng Qingli,Zhang Minzheng.Preliminary studyon nonlinear similitude law used for structural seismic test[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference onAdvances and New Challenges in Earthquake EngineeringResearch.Harbin,2002
[8]黄思凝.钢筋混凝土结构小比例尺模型相似性研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2008(Huang Sining.Research on similarity of small scalereinforced concrete structural model[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China EarthquakeAdministration,2008(in Chinese))
[9]周颖,卢文胜,吕西林.模拟地震振动台模型实用设计方法[J].结构工程师,2003(3):30-33(Zhou Ying,LuWensheng,Lu Xilin.Practical model design method ofshaking table tests[J].Structural Engineers,2003(3):30-33(in Chinese))
[10]赵作舟,管桦,钱稼茹.欠人工质量缩尺振动台试验结构模型设计方法[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(7):78-85(Zhao Zuozhou,Guan Hua,Qian Jiaru.Design methodof small scaled shaking table test structural model lackingartificial mass[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(7):78-85(in Chinese))
[11]孟庆利.地震模拟模型实验中RC结构非线性性态模拟研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(6):97-105(Meng Qingli.Nonlinear performance simulation of RCstructures in earthquake simulation model test[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(6):97-105(in Chinese))
[12]李德寅,王邦楣,林亚超.结构模型试验[M].北京:科学出版社,1996
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